Pilar Sánchez, and Mercedes Masó, and Raquel Sáez, and Silvia de Juan, and Alba Muntadas, and Montserrat Demestre

The present study aims to analyse the local and regional variability in the density and typology of marine debris on fishing grounds on the northern Mediterranean continental shelf, and to test relationships between marine litter and trawl fishing activity. Moreover, the colonization of plastics was examined in order to study the importance of plastics as a source of impact on marine communities and their further environmental implications. This study surveyed 11 sites, associated with trawling ...

John A. Lindley, and Philip C. Reid, and Keith M. Brander

There is a significant (p

Myron A. Peck, and Wilfried Kühn, and Hans-Harald Hinrichsen, and Thomas Pohlmann

We employed 3-D biophysical modeling and dispersion kernel analysis to explore inter-annual and inter-specific differences in the drift trajectories of eggs and yolksac larvae of plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) in the North Sea. In this region, these four species exhibit peak spawning during the boreal winter, late winter/early spring, late spring/early summer, and mid-summer respectively, but utilize...

Lamare Patrick

The MEUST infrastructure (Mediterranean Eurocentre for Underwater Sciences and Technologies) is a permanent deep sea cabled infrastructure currently being deployed off shore of Toulon, France. The design and the status of the infrastructure are presented.

Gunja Mishra, and Satish S Poojary, and Sanjay Jain, and Pramod Kumar Tiwari

Background & objectives: Sahariya, a primitive tribe of Central India, has shown significantly increased incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Our previous study on Sahariya showed a significant association of −403G>A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of CCL5 with susceptibility to PTB. Hence, this study was aimed to analyze a genotype-phenotype relationship of this disease-associated SNP to develop a potential diagnostic marker for TB in this tribe. Methods: The present study was carrie...

Jinho Bae, and Abul Kalam Azad, and Seonghun Won, and Ali Hamidoghli, and Minji Seong, and Sungchul C. Bai

Abstract Five experimental diets were formulated to evaluate the effects of dietary enzymatically hydrolyzed tuna by-product on growth, non-specific immune responses, and hematology of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). A basal diet with 50% of fishmeal was used as control (CON) and four other diets replaced 12.5% (TBB12.5), 25% (TBB25), 37.5% (TBB37.5), and 50% (TBB50) of fish meal in the CON diet. Juvenile rainbow trout (4.87 ± 0.05 g) were randomly distributed into 15 tanks (50 L) ...

Jia Feng, and Yuning Guo, and Xiujuan Zhang, and Guihua Wang, and Junping Lv, and Qi Liu, and Shulian Xie

A symbiotic alga was successfully isolated from the soil moss Entodon obtusatus found in the Guandi Mountains, Shanxi Province, China, and cultivated under axenic conditions. Morphological observations showed that the symbiotic alga was similar to Chlorococcum. Based on phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA and rbcL genes and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, Chlorococcum sp. GD was identified as Chlorococcum sphacosum. The three data sets were congruent for those aspects of the topologies ...

Ana Maria Viana Pinto, and José Paulo G. Leite, and Wilton J. Ferreira, and Diana N. Cavalcanti, and Roberto C. Villaça, and Viveca Giongo, and Valéria L. Teixeira, and Izabel Christina Nunes de Palmer Paixão

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an etiologic agent that causes important economic losses in the world. It is endemic in cattle herds in most parts of the world. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic effect and antiviral properties of several marine natural products obtained from seaweeds: the indole alkaloid caulerpin (CAV, 1) and three diterpenes: 6-hydroxydichotoma-3,14-diene-1,17-dial (DA, 2), 10,18-diacetoxy-8-hydroxy-2,6-dolabelladiene (DB1, 3) and 8,10,18-t...

Vitor Hugo Pomin, and Paulo Antônio de Souza Mourão

Marine sulfated polysaccharides (MSP), such as sulfated fucans (SF), sulfated galactans (SG) and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) isolated from either algae or invertebrate animals, are highly anionic polysaccharides capable of interacting with certain cationic proteins, such as (co)-factors of the coagulation cascade during clotting-inhibition processes. These molecular complexes between MSP and coagulation-related proteins might, at first glance, be assumed to be driven mostly by electrostatic interac...

Vahid Kohpeima Jahromi, and Reza Dehnavieh, and Mohammad Hossein Mehrolhassani, and Hosain Saberi Anari

Introduction: Iran introduced the urban family physician reform, based on the primary healthcare (PHC) approach, in 2012. The reform is restricted to two pilot provinces, which are Fars and Mazandaran and its policymakers request evidence of the reform progress. The study aimed to determine the accessibility of health care in the two pilot sites. Methods: A cross-sectional study using Primary Care Evaluation Tool (PCET) questionnaires was performed with a multistage stratified cluster sampl...

Moravec F., and Justine J.

Chen Gang, and Yang Zhong-Zhen

A long queue of vehicles at the gate of a marine terminal is a common traffic phenomenon in a port-city, which sometimes causes problems in urban traffic. In order to be able to solve this issue, we firstly need accurate models to estimate such a vehicle queue length. In this paper, we compare the existing methods in a case study, and evaluate their advantages and disadvantages. Particularly, we develop a simulation-based regression model, using the micro traffic simulation software PARAMIC. In...

Chybicki Andrzej, and Łubniewski Zbigniew

Satellite imaging systems have known limitations regarding their spatial and temporal resolution. The approaches based on subpixel mapping of the Earth’s environment, which rely on combining the data retrieved from sensors of higher temporal and lower spatial resolution with the data characterized by lower temporal but higher spatial resolution, are of considerable interest. The paper presents the downscaling process of the land surface temperature (LST) derived from low resolution imagery acqui...

Mary Jo Dorsey, and Ellen Detlefsen

Objective – To describe preliminary findings from a study of information-seeking behaviors of primary care physicians who care for elderly and depressed patients, and the correlation between what is sought versus what is provided to the patient and (or) caregiver. Setting – Physicians in two large ambulatory primary care practices throughout urban Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, who take care of geriatric patients. Methods – Structured interviews, with common questions, will be conducted with 12 prima...

Yolanda Kolisa, and Olalekan Ayo-Yusuf

Seventy to ninety percent of HIV-infected individuals have oral lesions that affect their quality-of-life. Caregivers play an important role in complementing the healthcare team. It is essential that the caregivers have optimal knowledge, beliefs and practices toward the management of care regarding oral-lesions in HIV-infected patients in caregiving institutions in Johannesburg, South Africa. To measure the knowledge, beliefs and practices relating to oral lesions in HIV infection amongst careg...

M. Ionita, and P. Scholz, and K. Grosfeld, and R. Treffeisen

<p>In austral spring 2016 the Antarctic region experienced anomalous sea ice retreat in all sectors, with sea ice extent in October and November 2016 being the lowest in the Southern Hemisphere over the observational period (1979–present). The extreme sea ice retreat was accompanied by widespread warming along the coastal areas as well as in the interior of the Antarctic continent. This exceptional event occurred along with a strong negative phase of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and the...

Lara Tinacci, and Alessandra Guidi, and Andrea Toto, and Lisa Guardone, and Alice Giusti, and Priscilla D'Amico, and Andrea Armani

Food Business Operators (FBOs) rely on laboratory analysis to ensure seafood traceability. DNA barcoding and Forensically Informative Nucleotide Sequencing may represent a support within self-checking programs finalized to suppliers’ qualification and products identity certification. The present study aimed at verifying the usefulness of a decisional procedure (decision tree) set up at the FishLab (Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Italy) for seafood species identification b...

Ratih Pangestuti, and Zainal Arifin

Sea cucumbers have long been used as food and traditional medicine in Asian countries with Stichopus hermanni, Thelenota ananas, Thelenota anax, Holothuria fuccogilva, and Actinopyga mauritiana as most highly-valued species. These organisms are potential source of high value-added compounds with therapeutic properties such as triterpene glycosides, carotenoids, bioactive peptides, vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, collagens, gelatins, chondroitin sulfates, amino acids. In the recent years, health...

Nghi C Nguyen, and Jose Vercher-Conejero, and Peter Faulhaber

We evaluated the potential differences of a digital positron-emission tomography (PET) prototype equipped with photon-counting detectors (D-PET, Philips Healthcare, Cleveland, Ohio, USA) in tumor volume delineation compared with the analog Gemini TF PET system (A-PET, Philips). Eleven oncologic patients first underwent clinical fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/computed tomography (CT) on A-PET. The D-PET ring was then inserted between the PET and CT scanner of A-PET and the patient was scanned for t...

M. Yang, and T. G. Bell, and F. E. Hopkins, and T. J. Smyth

Atmospheric sulfur dioxide (SO₂) was measured continuously from the Penlee Point Atmospheric Observatory (PPAO) near Plymouth, United Kingdom, between May 2014 and November 2015. This coastal site is exposed to marine air across a wide wind sector. The predominant southwesterly winds carry relatively clean background Atlantic air. In contrast, air from the southeast is heavily influenced by exhaust plumes from ships in the English Channel as well as near Plymouth Sound. A new ...

Maylis Labonne, and Hicham Masski, and Claire Bassoulet

The Canary Current Large Ecosystem is characterized by a major, nutrient-rich up-welling of deep, cold oceanic waters, which stimulates high biological productivity that results in an abundance of both pelagic and demersal fishery resources. In this area, the Moroccan coast is also under direct anthropogenic activities influences such as phosphates industries. Several observations indicate that variations of the upwelling activities observed in the recent years would generate the remobilization ...

L. Ziegler, and L. Ziegler, and U. Smolka, and N. Cosack, and M. Muskulus

Operators need accurate knowledge on structural reserves to decide about lifetime extension of offshore wind turbines. Load monitoring enables us to directly compare design loads with real loading histories of the support structure in order to calculate its remaining useful lifetime. Monitoring of every hot spot is technically and financially not feasible. This paper presents a novel idea for load monitoring of monopiles. It requires strain measurements at only one level convenient for sen...

Ilya M. D. Maclean, and Richard Inger, and David Benson, and Cormac G. Booth, and Clare B. Embling, and Clare B. Embling, and W. James Grecian, and Johanna J. Heymans, and Kate E. Plummer, and Kate E. Plummer, and Michael Shackshaft, and Carol E. Sparling, and Ben Wilson, and Lucy J. Wright, and Gareth Bradbury, and Nadja Christen, and Brendan J. Godley, and Angus C. Jackson, and Aly McCluskie, and Rachel Nicholls-Lee, and Stuart Bearhop

Growing concerns about climate change and energy security have fueled a rapid increase in the development of marine renewable energy installations (MREIs). The potential ecological consequences of increased use of these devices emphasizes the need for high quality environmental impact assessment (EIA). We demonstrate that these processes are hampered severely, primarily because ambiguities in the legislation and lack of clear implementation guidance are such that they do not ensure robust assess...

S. Alekhin, and J. Blümlein, and S. Moch

We consider determinations of the strange sea in the nucleon based on QCD analyses of data collected at the LHC with focus on the recent high-statistics ATLAS measurement of the W±- and Z-boson production. We study the effect of different functional forms for parameterization of the parton distribution functions and the combination of various data sets in the analysis. We compare to earlier strange sea determinations and discuss ways to improve them in the future.

C. Souto, and E. Fariña-Busto, and L. Alvarez, and I. Rodríguez

A 3D barotropic finite difference model was adapted to reproduce the dynamics of the Ría de Vigo estuary, in the north-west corner of Spain. The model has been applied with astronomical tide and observed wind forcing data. The results are compared to data obtained by an AANDERAA DCM 12 acoustic Doppler current meter at one point of the Ría.

Časlav Pejović

Transport documents in carriage of goods by sea may serve as evidence not only of the contract of carriage, but also of the receipt of goods. Some transport documents have also the status of docuntents of title, which means that they are able to represent the goods and entitle their holders to demand delivery from the carrier. This function of tronsport documents plays an important role in overseas sales, enabling the seller to sell the goods in transit while the physical delivery is not yet p...

Rajesh Jhorawat, and Paras Shah, and Pankaj Beniwal, and Dhananjay Agarwal, and Sandeep Nijhawan, and Vinay Malhotra

We aimed to study the seroconversion rate in two arms of intradermal (ID) route: low dose with high-frequency and high dose with low-frequency hepatitis B (HB) vaccination in dialysis patients. A total of 56 patients, on either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, were included. Patients were enrolled and randomized into two groups. The first group was immunized through the ID route and received weekly 10 μg of vaccine at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 weeks (low-dose with high frequency). The secon...

Li P, and Wang Y, and Zhang CL, and Zhang Q

Yan Wang1, Chen-lu Zhang2, Qun Zhang1, Ping Li1,31School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 2College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of China; 3Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, People&amp;rsquo;s Republic of ChinaPurpose: The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the antibacterial properties a...

Jinn-Jy Lin, and Feng-Yu Wang, and Wen-Hsiung Li, and Tzi-Yuan Wang

Abstract We studied the evolution of opsin genes in 59 ray-finned fish genomes. We identified the opsin genes and adjacent genes (syntenies) in each genome. Then we inferred the changes in gene copy number (N), syntenies, and tuning sites along each phylogenetic branch during evolution. The Exorh (rod opsin) gene has been retained in 56 genomes. Rh1, the intronless rod opsin gene, first emerged in ancestral Actinopterygii, and N increased to 2 by the teleost-specific whole genome duplication, bu...

Michelle Kümin, and Christopher Mark Harper, and Mike Reed, and Stephen Bremner, and Nicky Perry, and Matthew Scarborough

Abstract Background Approximately 70,000 to 75,000 proximal femoral fracture repairs take place in the UK each year. Hemiarthroplasty is the preferred treatment for adults aged over 60 years. Postoperative infection affects up to 3% of patients and is the single most common reason for early return to theatre. Ultraclean ventilation was introduced to help mitigate the risk of infection, but it may also contribute to inadvertent perioperative hypothermia, which itself is a risk for postoperative i...

Ofer Sadan, and Owen Samuels, and William H. Asbury, and John J. Hanfelt, and Kai Singbartl

Abstract Background Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a life-threatening condition that results from a ruptured cerebral vessel. Cerebral edema and vasospasm are common complications and frequently require treatment with hypertonic solutions, in particular hypertonic sodium chloride (NaCl). We have previously shown that hyperchloremia in patients with aSAH given hypertonic NaCl is associated with the development of acute kidney injury (AKI), which leads to higher morbidity and mortali...

Sebastian Schwarz, and Antoine Wystrach, and Ken Cheng

Abstract When displaced experimentally from a food source (feeder) to unfamiliar terrain, ants run off a portion of the homeward vector or its entirety, depending on species and conditions, and then search systematically, turning in loops of ever increasing size. The Australian desert ant Melophorus bagoti runs off a smaller portion of its vector if the test site is more dissimilar to its nest area. Here we manipulated familiarity with the training route between a feeder and the ants’ nest to ex...

Jorge Lobo, and Shadi Shokralla, and Maria Helena Costa, and Mehrdad Hajibabaei, and Filipe Oliveira Costa

Abstract Morphology-based profiling of benthic communities has been extensively applied to aquatic ecosystems’ health assessment. However, it remains a low-throughput, and sometimes ambiguous, procedure. Despite DNA metabarcoding has been applied to marine benthos, a comprehensive approach providing species-level identifications for estuarine macrobenthos is still lacking. Here we report a combination of experimental and field studies to assess the aptitude of COI metabarcoding to provide robust...

Xiangyang Liu, and Hui Zhu, and Sreya Biswas, and Yi-Qiang Cheng

Thailanstatin A (TST-A) is a potent antiproliferative natural product discovered by our group from Burkholderia thailandensis MSMB43 through a genome-guided approach. The limited supply of TST-A, due to its low titer in bacterial fermentation, modest stability and very low recovery rate during purification, has hindered the investigations of TST-A as an anticancer drug candidate. Here we report the significant yield improvement of TST-A and its direct precursor, thailanstatin D (TST-D), through ...

Liezl Koen, and Dana J Niehaus, and Angelica Schutte, and Jacqueline Muller, and Robin Emsley, and Piet Oosthuizen

Background. Although clozapine is the treatment of choice for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, many patients remain symptomatic despite adequate treatment with this medication. One suggested strategy to improve efficacy has been the addition of a potent D2 blocker such as amisulpride to treatment with clozapine. Methods. In this study, 20 subjects who were treatment-resistant to conventional antipsychotics and who were still symptomatic despite adequate treatment with clozapine received amis...

A. Keen, and E. Blockley

<p>We present a method for analysing changes in the modelled volume budget of the Arctic sea ice as the ice declines during the 21st century. We apply the method to the CMIP5 global coupled model HadGEM2-ES to evaluate how the budget components evolve under a range of different forcing scenarios. As the climate warms and the ice cover declines, the sea ice processes that change the most in HadGEM2-ES are summer melting at the top surface of the ice due to increased net downward radiation a...

M. Belmonte Rivas, and M. Belmonte Rivas, and I. Otosaka, and I. Otosaka, and A. Stoffelen, and A. Verhoef

<p>This paper presents the first long-term climate data record of sea ice extents and backscatter derived from intercalibrated satellite scatterometer missions (ERS, QuikSCAT and ASCAT) extending from 1992 to the present date (Verhoef et al., 2018). This record provides a valuable independent account of the evolution of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice extents, one that is in excellent agreement with the passive microwave records during the fall and winter months but shows higher sensitivity ...

Beitollah Mahmoudi, and Hasti Petrosian, and Afshin Daneh Kar, and Omid Zakeri

The assessment of the sustainability in restoration of mangroves offers an opportunity for sound management as well as for prioritizing the required steps in restoration plans. We studied the sustainability of an afforestation projects in 31 selected zones across the coastal line in Hormozgan province by means of sustainability indices. To this aim, the extent and survival of forest resources were mentioned. Moreover, forest area, density, average height growth, average regeneration, stability o...

Alsuwaidi AR, and Alkalbani AM, and Alblooshi A, and George J, and Albadi G, and Kamal SM, and Narchi H, and Souid AK

Ahmed R Alsuwaidi,1 Alia M Alkalbani,2 Afaf Alblooshi,1 Junu George,1 Ghaya Albadi,1 Salwa M Kamal,3 Hassib Narchi,1 Abdul-Kader Souid1 1Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; 2Tawam Hospital, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA), Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; 3Ambulatory Healthcare Services, SEHA, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Introduction: Respiratory infections have significant effects on childhoo...

Mohammad Mahdi Hosseinzadeh, and Khebat Derafshi, and Babak Mirbagheri

Forests degradation and their convert to pasture, agriculture and urban or rural land use, occurs annually at high extent, in which make high damages to natural resources. In the current research, the logistic regression model was applied to identify effective factors of forest degradation and zoning possible forest degradation at Vaz and Lavij basins. Landsat Satellite images were used to identify land use variation within 1998 to 2006. Results showed that forest area was reduced from 81.97% in...

Monica Cooper, and Kent Daane, and Erik H. Nelson, and Lucia Varela, and Mark Battany, and Neil Tsutsui, and Michael Rust

Liquid ant baits are an alternative to broad-spectrum insecticide sprays conventionally used to control Argentine ants. We review the development of liquid ant baits, which capitalize on the ants' sugar-feeding requirements and social structure to deliver small doses of toxicant throughout the colony. The ant bait program described here, developed for commercial vineyards, also has the potential to facilitate the use of biological controls for mealybu...

Kogut Tomasz, and Niemeyer Joachim, and Bujakiewicz Aleksandra

Various sectors of the economy such as transport and renewable energy have shown great interest in sea bed models. The required measurements are usually carried out by ship-based echo sounding, but this method is quite expensive. A relatively new alternative is data obtained by airborne lidar bathymetry. This study investigates the accuracy of these data, which was obtained in the context of the project ‘Investigation on the use of airborne laser bathymetry in hydrographic surveying’. A comparis...

Carlos Spano, and Vreni Häussermann

A new species of sea anemone, Anthopleura radians n. sp., is described from the intertidal zone of northern Chile and the taxonomic status of the other Anthopleura species from the South Pacific are discussed. A. radians n. sp. is characterized by a yellow-whitish and brown checkerboard-like pattern on the oral disc, adhesive verrucae along the entire column and a series of marginal projections, each bearing a brightly-colored acrorhagus on the oral surface. This is the seventh species of Anthop...

Bharathi Balasundaram, and Soak Yee Loh, and Pallavi Nadkarni, and Li Na Jiang, and Mahesh Jayaram, and Jia Wen Kam, and Hwa Ling Yap, and Krishnasamy Shashu Ayengar, and Jing Yuan Bai

Background: Studies evaluating nursing educational initiatives in rapid tranquillisation procedures are lacking. Objective: This pilot study in a public hospital in Singapore evaluated the effect of an educational training intervention on knowledge and confidence of nurses using rapid tranquillisation in two medical wards. Method: The study design was a pilot pre- and post-test single-group design on a voluntary sample of 75 nurses. The educational training intervention comprised of a 60 min int...

Daniele Castellani, and Roberto Starnari, and Lucia Faloia, and Massimo Stronati, and Alfredo Venezia, and Luca Gasparri, and Redi Claudini, and Alessandro Branchi, and Marina Giampieri, and Marco Dellabella

Background: Radical cystectomy (RC) is the gold standard therapy in nonmetastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer and is usually performed under general anesthesia (GA). GA is high risk in most older patients due to comorbidities. Continuous spinal anesthesia (CSA) may be an alternative solution to reduce postoperative morbidity in elderly. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility, morbidity, and mortality of RC performed under CSA in octogenarian patients. Methods: We retrospectively ...

A. Jeyakumari, and A. A. Zynudheen, and U. Parvathy, and P. K. Binsi

Fish oil is an excellent source of omega-3 fatty acids and is easily susceptible to oxidation. Microencapsulation is a commonly employed technique to protect fish oil against oxidation. In the present study, the potential of chitosan in combination with bovine gelatin and maltodextrin as wall material for microencapsulation of fish oil by spray drying was evaluated. To improve the oxidative stability of the fish oil microencapsulates, oregano (Origanum vulgare L) extract was added at 0.50 g/100 ...

R. Tiberti, and L. Nelli, and S. Brighenti, and R. Iacobuzio, and M. Rolla

Brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis have been used worldwide to stock fishless alpine lakes, negatively affecting native biota. Understanding its spatial ecology in invaded ecosystems can provide information to interpret and contrast its ecological impact. We opportunistically used capture points of brook trout gillnetted during an eradication campaign to assess the distribution patterns of four unexploited populations inhabiting high-altitude lakes. The main eradication method implies the use of ...

J. K. Sweeney, and J. M. Chagnon, and S. L. Gray

The sensitivity of sea breeze structure to sea surface temperature (SST) and coastal orography is investigated in convection-permitting Met Office Unified Model simulations of a case study along the south coast of England. Changes in SST of 1 K are shown to significantly modify the structure of the sea breeze immediately offshore. On the day of the case study, the sea breeze was partially blocked by coastal orography, particularly within Lyme Bay. The extent to which the flow is blocked depends ...

J. M. Gregory, and J. M. Gregory, and N. Bouttes, and S. M. Griffies, and H. Haak, and W. J. Hurlin, and J. Jungclaus, and M. Kelley, and W. G. Lee, and J. Marshall, and A. Romanou, and O. A. Saenko, and D. Stammer, and M. Winton

The Flux-Anomaly-Forced Model Intercomparison Project (FAFMIP) aims to investigate the spread in simulations of sea-level and ocean climate change in response to CO₂ forcing by atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs). It is particularly motivated by the uncertainties in projections of ocean heat uptake, global-mean sea-level rise due to thermal expansion and the geographical patterns of sea-level change due to ocean density and circulation change. FAFMIP has three t...

M. I. Beare, and D. P. Stevens

This paper presents the development of a general-purpose parallel ocean circulation model, for use on a wide range of computer platforms, from traditional scalar machines to workstation clusters and massively parallel processors. Parallelism is provided, as a modular option, via high-level message-passing routines, thus hiding the technical intricacies from the user. An initial implementation highlights that the parallel efficiency of the model is adversely affected by a number of factors,...