Tetsutaro Shibata

We consider the semilinear eigenvalue problem $$displaylines{ -u''(t) + k(t)u(t)^p = lambda u(t), quad u(t) > 0, quad t in I := (-1/2, 1/2), cr u(-1/2) = u(1/2) = 0, }$$ where p > 1 is a constant, and $lambda > 0$ is a parameter. We propose a new inverse bifurcation problem. Assume that k(t) is an unknown function. Then can we determine k(t) from the asymptotic behavior of the bifurcation curve? The purpose of this paper is to answer this question affirmatively. The key ingredient is...

Wohlrab J, and Voß F, and Müller C, and Brenn LC

Johannes Wohlrab,1 Franziska Voß,2 Christian Müller,2 Lars C Brenn21Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 2Department of Medical Science and Operations, Riemser Pharma GmbH, Greifswald, GermanyBackground: Frequent outbreak of herpes labialis can affect quality of life by prodromes like burning, itching, and swelling. Topical applied preparations aim to shorten the duration of symptoms, inhibit the virus replication and/or accel...

Dafne Marcelle de Almeida Ramos Campos, and Adna Ferreira da Silva, and Natalice dos Santos Sales, and Ronnie Enderson Mariano Carvalho Cunha Oliveira, and Andre Luiz Machado Pessanha

Abstract The present study on the temporal variations in diet and the trophic guilds of dominant fish species in a tidal mudflat, during the dry and rainy seasons. We aimed at classifying the diet composition of 17 species in the Mamanguape river estuary, northeastern Brazil, identifying the dominant food components and evaluating the effects of seasonality on the guild organization. Diet varied little between species and seasons; during the rainy season, the diets seemed to be more heterogeneou...

Gisela R A M Marques, and Oswaldo Paulo Forattini

OBJETIVO: Analisar a presença de Aedes albopictus em bromélias de solo localizadas em ambientes ecologicamente distintos, em termos de positividade, densidade e volume de água. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi realizado no município de Ilhabela, litoral norte do Estado de São Paulo. Realizaram-se coletas quinzenais, de março de 1998 a julho de 1999, em tanques de bromélias localizadas nos ambientes urbano, periurbano e mata; o conteúdo aquático das plantas foi medido e registrado. O tratamento dos dados ba...

Natalia P.A. Bezerra, and Fernandes, and Fernanda V. Albuquerque, and Vanessa Pedrosa, and Fábio Hazin, and Paulo Travassos

The reproduction of Blackfin tuna Thunnus atlanticus has been described for coastal regions, and for a long time, this species was considered to be a strictly continental spawner. Recently, this species was observed around a seamount habitat 500 nautical miles Northeast of Brazil, located between South America and Africa. In this study we describe the reproductive biology of Blackfin tuna at Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago (SPSPA). Male and female gonads were sampled from December 2008 to...

Dimitri R Alves, and José L Luque, and Aline R Paraguassú

Fifty-five specimens of pink cusk-eel, Genypterus brasiliensis Regan, 1903 (Osteichthyes: Ophidiidae) collected from the coastal zone of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (approx. 21-23°S, 41-45°W), from September 2000 to January 2001, were necropsied to study their parasites. All fish were parasitized by one or more metazoan. Fourteen species of parasites were collected. G. brasiliensis is a new host record for nine parasite species. The larval stages of cestodes and the nematodes were the ma...

Carlos Machado de Freitas, and Carlos Augusto Vaz de Souza, and Jorge Mesquita Huet Machado, and Marcelo Firpo de Souza Porto

Nas plataformas de petróleo, sistemas complexos em termos de tecnologia e organização do trabalho, as condições de trabalho são perigosas, resultando em acidentes de trabalho e, por vezes, em verdadeiras catástrofes. Este artigo resulta da investigação de acidentes de trabalho nas plataformas de petróleo da Bacia de Campos, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Teve como objetivo inicial fornecer subsídios para que representantes dos trabalhadores e instituições públicas pudessem ter elementos técnicos p...

Ripley TL, and Hennebry TA, and Sanders TN, and Harrison D, and Rathbun RC

Utilizing a multidisciplinary approach to management of patients with certain chronic cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has been shown to improve treatment outcomes. The role of clinical pharmacists in comprehensive outpatient CVD management has not been evaluated.Objective: The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the impact of a clinical pharmacist added to cardiologist care on blood pressure (BP), a key surrogate marker of CVD, in outpatients with CVD compared to cardiologist care alone....

Barbara C. Baehr, and Robert Raven, and Danilo Harms

Spiders of the genus Desis Walckenaer, 1837 (Araneae: Desidae) are water-adapted spiders and live in the intertidal zone on reefs, marine debris and under rocks. Here, we describe a new intertidal species from tropical Queensland and name it after Bob Marley, whose song “High Tide or Low Tide” inspired us as it lives in a “high tide low tide” habitat. We also re-describe a close morphological relative, Desis vorax L. Koch, 1872 from Sāmoa. This species was described some 150 ye...

O.M. Pietukhova, and A.I. Lepikhova

The theoretical principles of logistic activity of the enterprise are considered. The concept of «logistic activity of an enterprise» is explored. It is noted that the efficiency of logistic activity depends on a wide range of factors and is characterized by certain features both at separate enterprises, and in different branches. The article describes the market, on which the production enterprise PJSC «Kvazar» operates. The range of products and services provided by the company is presented. T...

Gianna Chiemi Noguchi Botega, and Marcela Natalia Rocha de Castro, and Victor Oliveira da Costa, and Jéssica Fernanda Galdino Oliveira, and Wlyana Lopes Ulian, and Francisca Dayse Martins de Sousa, and Josinaide Quaresma Trindade, and Benedito Antonio Pinheiro dos Prazeres, and Marly Carvalho de Melo, and Mihoko Yamamoto Tsutsumi, and Maísa Silva de Sousa

Cervical cancer (CC) is the most frequent cancer in women of northern Brazil, excluding non-melanoma skin cancer. This region of the country has many communities with limited access to basic health services. CCâ??s prevention strategies in coastal communities are important so that the death rate from this disease is reduced. We describe the characteristics of women who conducted the Pap test through the university extension programs in riverside communities served by the program â??Light in th...

Vernon Suzanne D, and Bolshin Carly, and Aspler Anne L, and Broderick Gordon

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Genomic profiling of peripheral blood reveals altered immunity in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) however interpretation remains challenging without immune demographic context. The object of this work is to identify modulation of specific immune functional components and restructuring of co-expression networks characteristic of CFS using the quantitative genomics of peripheral blood.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Gene sets were constructed a priori for CD4+ T cells, C...

DiSilvestro Robert, and Hammond Linda, and Rodriguez Liliana C, and Nemzer Boris V, and Hunter John M, and Pietrzkowski Zbigniew

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Measuring the effects of the acute intake of natural products on human biomarker concentrations, such as those related to oxidation and inflammation, can be an advantageous strategy for early clinical research on an ingredient or product.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>31 total healthy subjects were randomized in a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, acute pilot study with post-hoc subgroup analysis on 20 of the subjects. The study examined the effects of a single dos...

Zhang Lang, and Li Tena K, and Leung Ping-Chung, and Tam Lai-Shan, and Li Edmund K

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In planning a randomized controlled trial of acupuncture, we conducted a pilot study using validated outcome measures to assess the feasibility of the protocol, and to obtain preliminary data on efficacy and tolerability of 3 different forms of acupuncture treatment as an adjunct for the treatment of chronic pain in patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study employs a randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled tria...

Daniel Senftleben, and Veronika Eyring, and Axel Lauer, and Mattia Righi

In this study, hindcast skill for near-surface air temperature (TAS), sea surface temperature (SST), sea ice concentration, and sea ice area is assessed for the Arctic region using decadal simulations with the MiKlip decadal prototype prediction system. The prototype MiKlip system is based on the low-resolution version of the MPI‑ESM model. In the simulations, a full field initialization of atmospheric and oceanic variables was used, but sea ice was not initialized. The hypothesis is that the in...

Ahamed, A.R.G.B., and Hossain, M.P., and Antora, R.A., and Rabeta, M.S.

D A J Lloyd, and T I Ansari, and P Gundabolu, and S Shurey, and V Maquet, and P D Sibbons, and A R Boccaccini, and S M Gabe

Tissue engineering of the small intestine offers an alternative to long-term intravenous nutrition and transplantation in patients with intestinal failure. Initial work, although encouraging, is limited by the volume of neonatal tissue required to produce a small neomucosal cyst. Our novel approach is to implant tubular poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PGLA) foam scaffolds subcutaneously. The aim of this study was to investigate whether these scaffolds would support growth of intestinal neomucosa. PGL...

Pratikno Herman, and Titah Harmin Sulistiyaning, and Syahputra Bima Ero Dwi

One of the cause of corrosion is the attachment of bacteria or commonly called as bio-corrosion or Microbial Influenced Corrosion (MIC). This aim of the research was to determine effect of heat treatment process on the bio-corrosion rate of API 5L steel. The treatments were namely, without heat treatment as a control, and with the heat treatment (austempering process). The austenizing process was conducted before the austempering process. All specimens without and with the heat treatment were be...

Ricardo Borges da Cunha, and Aldomar Arnoldo Rückert

The objective of the article is to identify the policies and strategies employed in the formation of the Rio Grande Offshore Naval Pole. Highlighting the actions of the State, the programs elaborated for the national naval industry and the role of Petrobras in the restructuring of the sector. The discovery of the pre-salt propelled the national project and allowed the decentralization of activities. In the towns of Rio Grande and São José do Norte, four shipyards, with orders from the state, wer...

Tetsuya Ogino, and Haruhiko Toyohara

Hypoxia often occurs in summer and causes deleterious effects on marine benthic animals. A marine annelid, Capitella teleta, is tolerant to hypoxia, as shown by the fact that it inhabits organically polluted areas, where severe hypoxia is often observed. To understand how this species adapts to the environment, we focused on its hypoxia sensor, and we showed that TRPAbasal was a possible contributor to hypoxia detection in C. teleta. To examine the involvement of TRPA1 in the response of C. tele...

Aymar Orlandi Neto, and Lidiane Franceschini, and Letícia de Oliveira Manoel, and Rosicleire Veríssimo-Silveira, and Rosilene Luciana Delariva, and Igor Paiva Ramos

Abstract Aim To assess the dietary, populational and parasitological aspects of the non-native wild species Rhaphiodon vulpinus in an area under the influence of cage fish farm, in the Ilha Solteira Reservoir, São Paulo State. Methods Fifty-one specimens of R. vulpinus were captured bimonthly, from September 2014 to August 2016, with gill nets with different mesh sizes, in area surrounding a cage fish farm and area not influenced by this activity. The specimens were quantified and their mass...

Amanda Landers, and Helen Brown, and Matthew Strother

Advanced adenocarcinoma of the pancreas has a globally poor prognosis. One of the characteristic features of pancreatic cancer (PC) is pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI). This leads to a malabsorption syndrome and subsequent digestive symptoms. Given the high prevalence of PEI and malabsorption in PC, empiric use of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) is recommended. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the potential efficacy of PERT in improving symptoms and quality of lif...

Koichi Kyono, and Tomoko Hashimoto, and Suguru Kikuchi, and Yoko Nagai, and Yoshiyuki Sakuraba

Abstract Purpose The present study aimed to analyze the pregnancy outcomes of IVF patients presenting Lactobacillus‐dominated microbiota (LDM) or non‐Lactobacillus‐dominated microbiota (NLDM) of their endometrium and to report cases who were treated for NLDM concurrently with antibiotics and prebiotic/probiotic supplements in a Japanese infertile population. Methods Ninety‐two IVF patients were recruited from August 2017 to March 2018. Endometrial fluid samples for sequencing were collected usin...

Chris Bullen, and Robyn Whittaker, and Natalie Walker, and Mark Wallace-Bell

Background Using nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) while still smoking in the lead up to quitting could enhance success at quitting, one of the most cost-effective means of improving health, but little is known about its acceptability and tolerability. Aim To test the acceptability and tolerability of using NRT while smoking for two weeks before quitting, to inform a randomised controlled trial of pre-quitting NRT versus usual NRT-based quitting practice. Methods Prospective pragmatic uncontr...

Pablo Tejedo, and Luis R. Pertierra, and Javier Benayas, and Peter Convey, and Ana Justel, and Antonio Quesada

Soil trampling is one of the most obvious direct negative human impacts in Antarctica. Through a range of experiments and field studies based on quantitative physical (soil penetration resistance) and biological (collembolan abundance) indicators, we evaluate the current codes of conduct relating to the protection of Antarctic soils from the consequences of pedestrian impacts. These guidelines include using, where available, established paths that cross vegetation-free soils. However, the effect...

V. N. Stepanov, and H. Zuo, and M. Valdivieso, and K. Haines

Large-scale ocean transports of heat and freshwater have not been well monitored, and yet the regional budgets of these quantities are important to understanding the role of the oceans in climate and climate change. In contrast, atmospheric heat and freshwater transports are commonly assessed from atmospheric reanalysis products, despite the presence of non-conserving data assimilation based on the wealth of distributed atmospheric observations as constraints. The ability to carry out ocean rean...

Bruno Díaz LÓPEZ

The extent to which prey abundance influences both bottlenose dolphin foraging behavior and group size in the presence of human activities has not previously been studied. The primary aim of this study was to identify and quantify how wild bottlenose dolphins respond, individually and as groups, to the relative abundance of prey around a fish farm. Detailed views of dolphins’ behavior were obtained by focal following individual animals whilst simultaneously collecting surface and underwater beha...

Ricardo Massato Takemoto, and José Luis Luque, and José Luis Luque

Four species of caligid copepods, parasites of <em>Oligoplites palometa</em> (Cuvier, 1833), <em>O. saurus</em> (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) and <em>O. saliens</em> (Bloch, 1793) (Osteichthyes: Carangidae) from the Sepetiba Bay, coast of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, are presented. New geographical and host records for <em>Caligus robustus</em> Bassett-Smith, 1898, <em>C. rufimaculatus</em> Wilson, 1905, <em>C. bonito</em> Wilson, 1905 and <em>Metacaligus rufus</em> (Wilson, 1908) are given....

F. Budillon, and D. Vicinanza, and V. Ferrante, and M. Iorio

Seismic stratigraphy and core litho-stratigraphy in the Salerno Bay inner shelf (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea) reveal significant storm deposition episodes over the last 1 ky. Three major events are preserved as decimetre thick silt/sand layers bounded at their base by erosional surfaces and sealed in the muddy marine sequences between 25 and 60 m of depth. Geochronology and chrono-stratigraphy on core sediment point towards a recurrence of major sea storms between 0.1 and 0.3 ky and put the last sig...

T. Wagner, and J. P. Burrows, and M. Grzegorski, and A. Richter, and M. Vrekoussis, and F. Wittrock, and P. Hoor, and S. Beirle, and U. Platt, and T. Marbach

International shipping is recognized as a pollution source of growing importance, in particular in the remote marine boundary layer. Nitrogen dioxide originating from ship emissions has previously been detected in satellite measurements. This study presents the first satellite measurements of formaldehyde (HCHO) linked to shipping emissions as derived from observations made by the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) instrument. <br><br> We analyzed enhanced HCHO tropospheric columns from s...

Manjit Sidhu, and Prahbhjot Malhi, and Jagat Jerath

Objectives: To study the prevalence of language delay and to examine its socio-economic correlates in children less than 3 years. Materials and Methods: Participants were 130 children (males = 56%) aged 12-35 months (mean age = 1.81 years, SD = 0.58), from an urban center in north India. The language quotient (LQ) of the child was measured by the Clinical Linguistic Auditory Milestone Scale (CLAMS). Children with an LQ score of less than 70 were considered language delayed. Results: Overall, 6.2...

S. Skachko, and S. Danilov, and T. Janji&amp;#x0107;, and J. Schröter, and D. Sidorenko, and R. Savcenko, and W. Bosch

This study focuses on an accurate estimation of ocean circulation via assimilation of satellite measurements of ocean dynamical topography into the global finite-element ocean model (FEOM). The dynamical topography data are derived from a complex analysis of multi-mission altimetry data combined with a referenced earth geoid. The assimilation is split into two parts. First, the mean dynamic topography is adjusted. To this end an adiabatic pressure correction method is used which reduces model di...

E.-Y. Hsie, and G. J. Frost, and S. A. McKeen, and E. Prins, and P. Minnis, and J.K. Ayers, and D. Kowal, and M. Trainer, and S. R. Freitas, and G. Feingold, and O. R. Cooper, and J. Brioude

Aerosol-cloud interactions are considered to be one of the most important and least known forcings in the climate system. Biomass burning aerosols are of special interest due to their radiative impact (direct and indirect effect) and their potential to increase in the future due to climate change. Combining data from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) and MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) with passive tracers from the FLEXPART Lagrangian Particle Dispers...

Gelso Vazzoler

<abstract language="eng">This paper deals with a study on Brazilian south coast continental shelf demersal fish fauna distribution and Sciaenidae ecology, comprising the latitudes between Torres (29º21'S -49º44'W) and Chuí (33º41'S - 53º27'W). The data on oceanographic as well as on ichthyological variables were obtained from six cruises planned to cover all seasons during the period from April 1968 to March 1969. The variation of the physical conditions of the bottom water layer is studied cove...

Ocaña, O., and Henriques, A., and Porteiro, F.

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Harald E. Krogstad

The paper discusses estimation of directional ocean wave spectra from a spatial array of sensors by means of the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method. An iterative improvement of the ML estimate is proposed and illustrated on synthetic and real data. The wave data was obtained by an acoustic Doppler current meter in the Current Measurement Experiment (CUMEX) carried out by Esso Norge a.s at the Odin platform in the Norwegian Sea.

Ralf Emmers

Adam Ben-Tuvia, and Ricardo Alvarez-León, and Iván Rey-Carrasco

H. Taubenböck, and N. Goseberg, and N. Setiadi, and G. Lämmel, and F. Moder, and M. Oczipka, and H. Klüpfel, and R. Wahl, and T. Schlurmann, and G. Strunz, and J. Birkmann, and K. Nagel, and F. Siegert, and F. Lehmann, and S. Dech, and A. Gress, and R. Klein

Extreme natural events, like e.g. tsunamis or earthquakes, regularly lead to catastrophes with dramatic consequences. In recent years natural disasters caused hundreds of thousands of deaths, destruction of infrastructure, disruption of economic activity and loss of billions of dollars worth of property and thus revealed considerable deficits hindering their effective management: Needs for stakeholders, decision-makers as well as for persons concerned include systematic risk identification and e...

Darnall BD, and Sturgeon JA, and Kao MC, and Hah JM, and Mackey SC

Beth D Darnall, John A Sturgeon, Ming-Chih Kao, Jennifer M Hah, Sean C MackeyDivision of Pain Medicine, Stanford Systems Neuroscience and Pain Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USABackground: Pain catastrophizing (PC) &ndash; a pattern of negative cognitive-emotional responses to real or anticipated pain &ndash; maintains chronic pain and undermines medical treatments. Standard PC treatment involves multiple sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy. To provide e...

Mohamed El-Komy, and Vanessa Hafez, and Rania Abdel Hay, and Dina Mehaney, and Iman Hafez

Background: Normal immune functioning requires sufficient levels of trace elements including zinc and selenium, while elements such as nickel can be immunotoxic. Aim: To assess long-term abnormalities in zinc, selenium and nickel levels in patients with chronic recurrent warts. Methods: Toenail samples were taken from 28 patients with chronic recurrent warts and 30 apparently healthy matching controls were analysed. Toenail concentrations of zinc, selenium and nickel were measured using inductiv...

D.-H. Lee, and J.-H. Kim, and Y. M. Lee, and A. Stadnitskaia, and Y. K. Jin, and H. Niemann, and H. Niemann, and Y.-G. Kim, and K.-H. Shin

<p>In this study, we report lipid biomarker patterns and phylogenetic identities of key microbial communities mediating anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in active mud volcanoes (MVs) on the continental slope of the Canadian Beaufort Sea. The carbon isotopic compositions (<span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i>¹³C</span>) of <i>sn</i>-2- and <i>sn</i>-3-hydroxyarchaeol showed the highly <span class="inline-formula">¹³C</span>-depleted values (<span class="inline-formula">−...

Priyanka Gupta, and Mohit Bhatia, and Pratima Gupta, and Balram J Omar

Context: Possible linkage between biocide and antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a major area of concern. Aim: To evaluate the susceptibility of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria to four commonly used biocides. Settings and Design: A pilot study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital from April to November 2017. Materials and Methods: Fifty-four MDR bacterial isolates, namely Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, were obtained from vari...

Donato Sollitto, and Daniela De Benedetto, and Annamaria Castrignanò, and Giuseppina Crescimanno, and Giuseppe Provenzano, and Domenico Ventrella

Salinization is one of the most serious problems confronting sustainable agriculture in semi-arid and arid regions. Accurate mapping of soil salinization and the associated risk represent a fundamental step in planning agricultural and remediation activities. Geostatistical analysis is very useful for soil quality assessment because it makes it possible to determine the spatial relationships between selected variables and to produce synthetic maps of spatial variation. The main objective of this...

Zahar Intan, and Yuliani Yuliani, and Yulianto Eko, and Meliza Meliza, and Susan Ade Ika, and Sumariyah Sumariyah, and Nur Muhammad

Research on the distribution of ozone in a cold storage has been done. This cold storage is equipped with an ozone piping system. Ozone inserts to the cold storage was generated by dielectric barrier discharge plasma. The reactor is made of two stainless steel mesh wire cylindrical electrodes and a barried by a pyrex tube. The pipes are hollowed so that ozone can be distributed into cold storage. The distribution of ozone in cold storage is determined by placing a petri dish in twenty-four diffe...

Christopher Ryan Newey, and Robert Bell, and Melody Burks, and Premkumar Nattanmai

Introduction: High-fidelity simulation is frequently utilized in medical education. Its use in the neurosciences is limited by the inherent limitations of the manikin to simulate neurological changes. We report here the use of a hybrid simulation – a combination of lecture and high-fidelity manikin – in the education of neurosciences nurses, involved in care of neurocritical care patients. Methods: Neurosciences nurses from at the University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA, which is an academ...

Subhajit Biswas, and Philippa Jackson, and Rebecca Shannon, and Katherine Dulwich, and Soumi Sukla, and Ronald A. Dixon

Abstract This molecular study is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, on identification of norovirus, NoV GII.4 Sydney 2012 variants, from blue mussels collected from UK coastal waters. Blue mussels (three pooled samples from twelve mussels) collected during the 2013 summer months from UK coastal sites were screened by RT-PCR assays. PCR products of RdRP gene for noroviruses were purified, sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. All the samples tested positive for NoVs. Sequ...

José María Blanco Núñez

This article looks at the use of seafaring language in the Modern Era. It dwells especially on the words “escuadra”, “flota” and “convoy” (squadron, fleet and convoy), examining the mutations therein during the imperial wars waged between Charles V (Charles I of Spain) and Francis I of France, which favoured the birth and development of Atlantic piracy. It analyses the names of the various functional navies, created on an ad hoc basis as the various weak points appeared in Spain’s traffic with t...

Jesús Castro-Marrero, and Esther Serrano-Pertierra, and Myriam Oliveira-Rodríguez, and Maria Cleofé Zaragozá, and Alba Martínez-Martínez, and María del Carmen Blanco-López, and José Alegre

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS), also known as Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) is an acquired, complex and multisystem condition of unknown etiology, no established diagnostic lab tests and no universally FDA-approved drugs for treatment. CFS/ME is characterised by unexplicable disabling fatigue and is often also associated with numerous core symptoms. A growing body of evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role in cell-to-cell communication, and are involved in both physiolog...