I. Reis, and J. Alves, and I. Silva, and T. Ormonde, and C. Ferreira, and J. Moita

Wu Dong, and Jie Liu, and Lixin Wei, and Yang Jingfeng, and Melissa Chernick, and David E. Hinton

This study examined developmental toxicity of different mercury compounds, including some used in traditional medicines. Medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos were exposed to 0.001–10 µM concentrations of MeHg, HgCl2, α-HgS (Zhu Sha), and β-HgS (Zuotai) from stage 10 (6–7 hpf) to 10 days post fertilization (dpf). Of the forms of mercury in this study, the organic form (MeHg) proved the most toxic followed by inorganic mercury (HgCl2), both producing embryo developmental toxicity. Altered phenotypes i...

I.A. Russell, and N.D. Impson

The study aimed to determine the distribution and relative abundance of freshwater fishes in and adjacent to Agulhas National Park. Fourteen fish species were collected during surveys carried out in the Heuningnes and Ratel river systems and a variety of endorheic pans from 2003 to 2005. Seven of the species are marine fishes tolerant of low salinity (Mugil cephalus, Liza richardsonii, Monodactylus falciformis, Caffrogobius gilchristi, Rhabdosargus holubi, Solea bleekeri, Gilchristella aestuaria...

Mostafa Abdel Mohsen El Gammal, and Mohammed Nageeb, and Sami Al-Sabeb

Phytoplankton abundance in relation to some physicochemical characters of the costal water of Arabian Gulf (Saudi Arabia) was studied for one year. The sampling program included 15 locations in Dammam, Saihat, Al-Qatif, Al-Awamia and Safwa. Water samples were analyzed monthly for these parameters; temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia, carbon dioxide, total chloride, reactive orthophosphate and total phosphorus and alkalinity, also phytoplankton communities were ...

M A Matin

This study investigates the effect of bias-corrected estimators in analyzing real-world skewed data where categorization and transformation are necessary. It also reports a small-scale simulation study to indicate factors which can influence the bias correction to be small or large. For the complete data-set, it is observed that the maximum likelihood estimates and Schaefer's bias-corrected estimates are not greatly different. However, when the original sample size is reduced by about 50%, the d...

Micaela La Regina, and Alessia Marinaro, and Lucia Scuotri, and Francesca Corsini, and Francesco Orlandini

Non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) has been shown to be an effective treatment in chronic and acute lung failure. Until a few years ago, all the different forms of mechanical ventilation were managed exclusively in intensive care units (ICU). However, the reduction in the number of ICU beds available and the high costs involved in running such units, together with the aging of the general population and the co-morbidities associated with this have meant that forms of mechanical ventilati...

Linda M. D'Anna, and Grant D. Murray

Shellfish aquaculture is often positioned as an adaptive alternative to traditional resource industries, but the social and cultural effects of expanding production on coastal/marine social-ecological systems are unclear. Reporting on a multimethods study, we present perceptions about shellfish aquaculture collected through interviews, participant-employed photography, and a household survey in British Columbia, Canada. With an approach focused on local preferences for social-ecological conditio...

Zhenming Lü, and Wan Liu, and Liqin Liu, and Huilai Shi, and Hongling Ping, and Tianming Wang, and Changfeng Chi, and Changwen Wu, and Ching-Hung Chen, and Kang-Ning Shen, and Chung-Der Hsiao

The common Chinese cuttlefish (Sepiella japonica) has been considered one of the most economically important marine Cephalopod species in East Asia and seed breeding technology has been established for massive aquaculture and stock enhancement. In the present study, we used Illumina HiSeq2000 to sequence, assemble and annotate the transcriptome of the ovary tissues of S. japonica for the first time. A total of 53,116,650 and 53,446,640 reads were obtained from the immature and matured ovaries, r...

R. Romero, and C. Ramis

An Eulerian study of the distribution over the Island of Mallorca of a non-reactive pollutant (SO₂) emitted from an electric power plant operating at present on the north coast is performed using a meso-β numerical model, paying particular attention to the diffusive physical mechanisms. The study is applied to the conditions of sea-land breeze development. This is a local circulation that dominates the flow during the summer and favours transporting pollutants from the co...

C. Satheesh Kumar, and L. Manju

Here we consider a modified form of the logistic regression model useful for situations where the dependent variable is dichotomous in nature and the explanatory variables exhibit asymmetric and multimodal behaviour. The proposed model has been fitted to some real life data set by using method of maximum likelihood estimation and illustrated its usefulness in certain medical applications.

J.-E. Tesdal, and J.-E. Tesdal, and J. R. Christian, and J. R. Christian, and A. H. Monahan, and K. von Salzen

Dimethylsulfide (DMS) is a well-known marine trace gas that is emitted from the ocean and subsequently oxidizes to sulfate in the atmosphere. Sulfate aerosols in the atmosphere have direct and indirect effects on the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. Thus, as a potential source of sulfate, ocean efflux of DMS needs to be accounted for in climate studies. Seawater concentration of DMS is highly variable in space and time, which in turn leads to high spatial and tempora...

Renan Lopes Paitach, and Paulo César Simões-Lopes, and Marta Jussara Cremer

In this study we describe how franciscana and Guiana dolphin habitat use is influenced by tidal cycles and seasonality in Babitonga Bay. The franciscanas use a greater area in winter and a smaller area in summer, but the extent of the area used did not vary with the tide. Guiana dolphins did not change the extent of the area used within seasons or tides. Franciscanas remained closer to the mouth of the bay and the islands during ebb tide, moving to the inner bay areas and closer to the mainland ...

Cristiane C.P. Hardoim, and Massimiliano eCardinale, and Ana C.B. Cúcio, and Ana I.S. Esteves, and Gabriele eBerg, and Joana R. Xavier, and Cymon J. Cox, and Rodrigo eCosta

Complex and distinct bacterial communities inhabit marine sponges and are believed to be essential to host survival, but our present-day inability to domesticate sponge symbionts in the laboratory hinders our access to the full metabolic breadth of these microbial consortia. We address bacterial cultivation bias in marine sponges using a procedure that enables direct comparison between cultivated and uncultivated symbiont community structures. Bacterial community profiling of the sympatric kerat...

Lisa Fajar Indriana, and , Marjuky, and Sitti Hilyana

<p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"> </p><p>Sandfish (<em>Holothuria scabra</em>) is one of endangered species, which has high economical value but has not been commonly cultivated. One factor that affects the success of sandfish culture is survival of larvae during attachment phase . In this phase the larvae of H. scabra need a substrate as a place to live. This study investigated the effect of seagrass and macroalga...

O. AKYOL, and T. CEYHAN

Catch per unit effort (CPUE) data from the coastal trammel prawn net fishery was estimated from fishery-dependent surveys in Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea) during the 2004-2005 fishing season. Catches were sampled from 18 boats for a total of 170 landings, 60 landings from April to July (first period) and 110 landings from August to November (second period). The mean CPUEs were 2.56 ± 0.39 kg. 10 net unit-1 in the first period and 2.29 ± 0.20 kg. 10 net unit-1 in the second period, and not significantly...

Silvio de Barros, and Sandip Budhe, and Mariana D. Banea, and Ney R.F. Rohen, and Eduardo M. Sampaio, and Valber A. Perrut, and Luiz D.M. Lana

The main aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a composite repair system in severely corroded circumferential welds in super duplex stainless steel pipes as a preventive measure against the premature corrosion damage at the welds. Artificial defects were fabricated on the super duplex steel tube in order to reproduce the localized corrosion damage defects found in real welded joints. Three kinds of through thickness defects were considered: 25%, 50% and 96% of the perimeter of the ...

P. RIESINGER, and T. HYVÖNEN

Weed communities of organically cropped spring cereal stands in the southern and the northwestern coastal regions of Finland (= south and northwest, respectively) were compared with respect to number of species, frequency of occurrence, density and dry weight. Regional specialization of agricultural production along with differences in climate and soil properties were expected to generate differences in weed communities between south and northwest. Total and average numbers of species were highe...

Asvin P. Torres, and Antonina Dos Santos, and Francisco Alemany, and Enric Massutí

Decapod crustaceans are the main target species of deep water bottom trawl fisheries in the western Mediterranean. Despite their importance for fisheries and conservation, little is known about their larval development, especially in the case of deep water species. In this paper we present new information on the occurrence and morphology of larval stages for some species of commercial interest based on samples collected off the Balearic Islands. Mesozooplankton sampling was carried out using dep...

L. Gimeno, and M. Vázquez, and R. Nieto, and R. M. Trigo

Changes in the atmospheric moisture transport have been proposed as a vehicle for interpreting some of the most significant changes in the Arctic region. The increasing moisture over the Arctic during the last decades is not strongly associated with the evaporation that takes place within the Arctic area itself, despite the fact that the sea ice cover is decreasing. Such an increment is consistent and is more dependent on the transport of moisture from the extratropical regions to the Arctic tha...

Renato Oblak, and Alen Jugović, and Ana Perić Hadžić

The globalization of the world market and the flexibility of containerization to adjust to the constant changes in supply and demand of the international goods market, has led to a continuous increase in the portion of the container transport within the international maritime cargo transport. By the increase of the container transport level, the impact and importance of container freight rates have been growing, the variability of which directly reflects on the world economy. The aim of this pap...

K. Niranjan, and B. Malleswara Rao, and A. Saha, and K. S. R. Murty

The aerosol spectral optical depths at ten discrete channels in the visible and near IR bands, obtained from a ground-based passive multi-wavelength solar radiometer at a coastal industrial location, Visakhapatnam, on the east coast of India, are used to study the response of the aerosol optical properties and size distributions to the changes in atmospheric humidity, wind speed and direction. It is observed that during high humidity conditions, the spectral optical depths show about 30% h...

Takvor Soukissian, and Anastasios Papadopoulos, and Panagiotis Skrimizeas, and Flora Karathanasi, and Panagiotis Axaopoulos, and Evripides Avgoustoglou, and Hara Kyriakidou, and Christos Tsalis, and Antigoni Voudouri, and Flora Gofa, and Petros Katsafados

In this study long-term wind data obtained from high-resolution hindcast simulations is used to analytically assess offshore wind power potential in the Aegean and Ionian Seas and provide wind climate and wind power potential characteristics at selected locations, where offshore wind farms are at the concept/planning phase. After ensuring the good model performance through detailed validation against buoy measurements, offshore wind speed and wind direction at 10 m above sea level are statistica...

Georgios Tsounis, and Peter J. Edmunds

Coral reefs in Moorea, French Polynesia, suffered catastrophic coral mortality through predation by Acanthaster planci from 2006 to 2010, and Cyclone Oli in 2010, yet by 2015 some coral populations were approaching pre-disturbance sizes. Using long-term study plots, we quantified population dynamics of spawning Pocillopora spp. along the north shore of Moorea between 2010 and 2014, and considered evidence that population recovery could be supported by self-seeding. Results scaled up from study p...

Beom-Jun Kang, and Jeong-Hwan Kim, and Yooil Kim

Due to the uncertainties related to the flaw assessment parameters, such as flaw size, fracture toughness, loading spectrum and so on, the probability concept is preferred over deterministic one in flaw assessment. In this study, efforts have been made to develop the reliability based flaw assessment procedure which combines the flaw assessment procedure of BS7910 and first- and second-order reliability methods (FORM/SORM). Both crack length and depth of semi-elliptical surface crack at weld toe...

Jana Hlávková, and Ondřej Adamovský, and Radovan Kopp

In this work were summarized changes of biochemical markers of fish under the thumb of cyanobacterial toxins (microcystins). Among the most studied biomarkers of the influence of cyanobacterial toxins on fish belong oxidative stress parameters – glutathione S-transferase (GST), non-enzymatic antioxidant glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), lipid peroxidation (LPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutatione reductase (GR), parameters of blood – valu...

Nitasha Mittal, and Sangeeta Palaskar, and Madhu Shankari

Background: The word "Cancer" itself is sufficient to cause a fear in the minds of people. Early detection of oral potentially malignant and malignant disorders is still a diagnostic challenge for most of the clinicians. In the present study, we have evaluated the efficacy of Rose Bengal staining in the detection of oral premalignant and malignant lesions. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Rose Bengal staining for the identification of dysplastic areas clinically, an...

Soghra Rabiey, and Hedayat Hosseini, and Masoud Rezaei

This study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial effect of Carum copticum essential oil (Ajowan EO) against Listeria monocytogenes in fish model system. Ajowan EO chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectral analysis and the highest concentration of Carum copticum essential oil without any significant changes on sensory properties of kutum fish (Rutilus frisii kutum) was assigned. Then the inhibitory effect of Ajowan EO at different concentrations in presence of ...

Fabiano da Silva Attolini, and Máurea Nicoletti Flynn, and Airton Santo Tarararn

Polychaete species composition, abundance and seasonal variation were analyzed in relation to Spartina alterniflora cover and tide level at Ponta do Arrozal, Cananéia, during 1989/1990. Two intertidal stations were located on the S. alterniflora bellt, one ca mean high water of neap tides (MHWN) and the other ca mean high water of spring tides (MHWS). Two other stations were established at corresponding tide levels at an adjacent site devoid of vegetation. A total of 17 species were collected. E...

Rosanna ePapa, and Laura eSelan, and Ermenegilda eParrilli, and Marco eTilotta, and Filomena eSannino, and Georges eFeller, and Maria Luisa eTutino, and Marco eArtini

Microbial biofilms have great negative impacts on the world’s economy and pose serious problems to industry, public health and medicine. The interest in the development of new approaches for the prevention and treatment of bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation has increased. Since, bacterial pathogens living in biofilm induce persistent chronic infections due to the resistance to antibiotics and host immune system. A viable approach should target adhesive properties without affecting bacteria...

J. Mazon, and D. Pino

Three offshore rainbands associated with nocturnal coastal fronts formed near the Israeli coastline, the Gulf of Genoa and on the northeastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula, are simulated using version 3.3 of the WRF-ARW mesoscale model in order to study the dynamics of the atmosphere in each case. <br><br> The simulations show coastal fronts producing relatively high (in comparison with some other similar rainbands) 1 and 10 h accumulated precipitations that formed in the Mediterranean Basin. ...

Violetta Drozdowska, and Marek Józefowicz

It is well known that surfactants in the southern Baltic Sea constitute the organic matter from riverine waters discharges as well as the secondary degradation products of marine phytoplankton excretion. They reach the surface microlayer by the upwellings and turbulent motions of water and in the membranes of the vesicles as well as from the atmosphere. To assess concentration and spatial distribution of marine surfactants in the southern Baltic Sea, the steady-state spectrophotometric and spect...

Courtney S Endres, and Nathan Freeman Putman, and David eErnst, and Jessica eKurth, and Catherine M.F. Lohmann, and Kenneth J. Lohmann

Sea turtles are capable of navigating across large expanses of ocean to arrive at remote islands for nesting, but how they do so has remained enigmatic. An interesting example involves green turtles (Chelonia mydas) that nest on Ascension Island, a tiny land mass located approximately 2000 km from the turtles' foraging grounds along the coast of Brazil. Sensory cues that turtles are known to detect, and which might hypothetically be used to help locate Ascension Island, include the geomagnetic...

Sandrine BARON, and Sandrine BARON, and Jean LESNE, and Emeline LARVOR, and Emeline LARVOR, and Eric JOUY, and Eric JOUY, and Isabelle KEMPF, and Isabelle KEMPF, and Jacques BONCY, and Stanilas REBAUDET, and Renaud PIARROUX

We investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility of 50 environmental isolates of Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 collected in surface waters in Haiti in July 2012, during an active cholera outbreak. A panel of 16 antibiotics was tested on the isolates using the disk diffusion method and PCR detection of seven resistance-associated genes (strA/B, sul1/2, ermA/B and mefA). All isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, amikacin and g...

Andreas Prokoph, and Hafida El Bilali, and Richard Ernst

Large igneous provinces (LIPs) are considered a relevant cause for mass extinctions of marine life throughout Earth’s history. Their flood basalts and associated intrusions can cause significant release of SO4 and CO2 and consequently, cause major environmental disruptions. Here, we reconstruct the long-term periodic pattern of LIP emplacement and its impact on ocean chemistry and biodiversity from δ34Ssulfate of the last 520 Ma under particular consideration of the preservation limits of LIP re...

M. Ballarotta, and L. Brodeau, and J. Brandefelt, and P. Lundberg, and K. Döös

Most state-of-the-art climate models include a coarsely resolved oceanic component, which hardly captures detailed dynamics, whereas eddy-permitting and eddy-resolving simulations are developed to reproduce the observed ocean. In this study, an eddy-permitting and a coarse resolution numerical experiment are conducted to simulate the global ocean state for the period of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ~26 500 to 19 000 yr ago) and to investigate the improvements due to taking into account the sma...

Amaury Caruzzo, and Priscila Renata Barros Cardoso, and Hélcio Vieira Junior, and Mischel Carmen Neyra Belderrain

A decision on a military strategic environment, such as the selection of a new naval base, is a complex process and involves various criteria. In this context, few studies are available on the problems of military-naval transport decisions. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present a maritime transport case study using a multi-methodology framework in a process of strategic decision making in logistics. Through a review of the literature, normative documents from the Brazilian armed forces,...

Jovani Pereira, and Thomas Stutzel, and Christian Schulz

Isoetes nana, a new species from the coastal mountains of southeastern Brazil (Serra de Itatiaia), is described, illustrated and compared to similar species. This species can be distinguished from similar species by a set of characters that include 5–15 small erect leaves reaching only up to 3.5cm long, megaspores rugulate (rarely laevigate or obscurely cristate) and microspores sparsely echinate. We include a key to identify this new species and spore images for all...

J. D. Wilson, and A. Ridgwell, and S. Barker

The average depth in the ocean at which the majority of sinking organic matter particles remineralise is a fundamental parameter in the ocean's role in regulating atmospheric CO₂. Observed spatial patterns in sinking fluxes and relationships between the fluxes of different particles in the modern ocean have widely been used to invoke controlling mechanisms with important implications for CO₂ regulation. However, such analyses are limited by the sparse spatial sampling of th...

Asmawati Asmawati, and Andi Istiayulianingsih, and Dwi Fitrah Ariani

The aim of this research is to evaluate the difference of anti-inflammatory effect of brown algae extract Padina sp. and Sargassum sp. that is derived from Punaga beach, South Sulawesi toward mice. Seaweed is one of resourceful plants in Indonesian ocean. Some researchers suggested that brown seaweed has a potential to be an anti-inflammatory agent because of it contains polysaccharide sulfate, PUFA, and fuchosantin. Punaga village that is located in South Sulawesi is an area with most of their ...

Agelos Papaioannou, and George Rigas, and Panagiotis Papastergiou, and Christos Hadjichristodoulou

<em>Background</em>. Worldwide, the aim of managing water is to safeguard human health whilst maintaining sustainable aquatic and associated terrestrial, ecosystems. Because human enteric viruses are the most likely pathogens responsible for waterborne diseases from recreational water use, but detection methods are complex and costly for routine monitoring, it is of great interest to determine the quality of coastal bathing water with a minimum cost and maximum safety. <br /><em>Design and metho...

V. Turpin, and E. Remy, and P. Y. Le Traon

Observing system experiments (OSEs) are carried out over a 1-year period to quantify the impact of Argo observations on the Mercator Ocean 0.25° global ocean analysis and forecasting system. The reference simulation assimilates sea surface temperature (SST), SSALTO/DUACS (Segment Sol multi-missions dALTimetrie, d'orbitographie et de localisation précise/Data unification and Altimeter combination system) altimeter data and Argo and other in situ observations from the Coriolis data center. Two oth...

X. Huang, and X. Huang, and Q. Tang, and Y. Tseng, and Y. Hu, and A. H. Baker, and F. O. Bryan, and J. Dennis, and H. Fu, and G. Yang

In the Community Earth System Model (CESM), the ocean model is computationally expensive for high-resolution grids and is often the least scalable component for high-resolution production experiments. The major bottleneck is that the barotropic solver scales poorly at high core counts. We design a new barotropic solver to accelerate the high-resolution ocean simulation. The novel solver adopts a Chebyshev-type iterative method to reduce the global communication cost in conjunction with an ...

Nagham Elsaidy, and Fatma Abouelenien, and Ghada A.K. Kirrella

The microbial water and fish quality was assessed due to feeding of chicken manure (CM) and fermented chicken manure (FCM) to fish in ponds, using Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) which were classified into 7 groups (G). Each group received different mixtures of CM or FCM with fish ration (FR), 0:100, 25:75, 50:50 and 100:0 (%CM or FCM:% FR). The obtained results revealed that total bacterial count (TBC) and total coliform count (TCC) were significantly high at P ⩽ 0.05 in CM than both FCM a...

S. Mestdagh, and L. Bagaço, and U. Braeckman, and T. Ysebaert, and T. Ysebaert, and B. De Smet, and B. De Smet, and T. Moens, and C. Van Colen

Human activities, among which dredging and land use change in river basins, are altering estuarine ecosystems. These activities may result in changes in sedimentary processes, affecting biodiversity of sediment macrofauna. As macrofauna controls sediment chemistry and fluxes of energy and matter between water column and sediment, changes in the structure of macrobenthic communities could affect the functioning of an entire ecosystem. We assessed the impact of sediment deposition on interti...

T. J. Roberts, and L. Jourdain, and P. T. Griffiths, and M. Pirre

The reactive uptake of HOBr onto halogen-rich aerosols promotes conversion of Br^&minus;_(aq) into gaseous reactive bromine (incl. BrO) with impacts on tropospheric oxidants and mercury deposition. However, experimental data quantifying HOBr reactive uptake on tropospheric aerosols is limited, and reported values vary in magnitude. This study introduces a new evaluation of HOBr reactive uptake coefficients in the context of the general acid-assisted mechanism. We emphasise th...

P. van Splunteren, and Ba I. Boerema, and R. de Leeuw

Maria Klein, and Maria Klein, and Elisabeth Van Beveren

Horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus, Linnaeus, 1758) is a highly exploited fish species, common throughout the North-East Atlantic. As a pelagic-neritic fish it typically occurs over the shelf at 100-200 m depth on sandy bottom and most research has focused on adults or early life stages (eggs and larvae), caught or examined in deeper waters. Nevertheless, larvae and early stages of Trachurus species have been observed in the nearshore environment of a rocky reef system in Portugal. More researc...

I. Stemmler, and I. Hense, and B. Quack

Bromoform (CHBr₃) is one important precursor of atmospheric reactive bromine species that are involved in ozone depletion in the troposphere and stratosphere. In the open ocean bromoform production is linked to phytoplankton that contains the enzyme bromoperoxidase. Coastal sources of bromoform are higher than open ocean sources. However, open ocean emissions are important because the transfer of tracers into higher altitude in the air, i.e. into the ozone layer, strongl...

A. R. Enríquez, and M. Marcos, and A. Álvarez-Ellacuría, and A. Orfila, and D. Gomis

This work assesses the impacts in reshaping coastlines as a result of sea level rise and changes in wave climate. The methodology proposed combines the SWAN and SWASH wave models to resolve the wave processes from deep waters up to the swash zone in two micro-tidal sandy beaches in Mallorca island, western Mediterranean. In a first step, the modelling approach has been validated with observations from wave gauges and from the shoreline inferred from video monitoring stations, showing a goo...

Samuel Antwi, and Xicang Zhao

In August 2003, the Ghanaian Government made history by implementing the first National Health Insurance System (NHIS) in Sub-Saharan Africa. Within three years, over half of the country’s population had voluntarily enrolled into the National Health Insurance Scheme. This study had three objectives: 1) To estimate the risk factors that influences the Ghana national health insurance claims. 2) To estimate the magnitude of each of the risk factors in relation to the Ghana national health insurance...