Sylvia T. Cole, and John M. Toole, and Ratnaksha Lele, and Mary-Louise Timmermans, and Shawn G. Gallaher, and Timothy P. Stanton, and William J. Shaw, and Byongjun Hwang, and Ted Maksym, and Jeremy P. Wilkinson, and Macarena Ortiz, and Hans Graber, and Luc Rainville, and Alek A. Petty, and Sinéad L. Farrell, and Jackie A. Richter-Menge, and Christian Haas

The interplay between sea ice concentration, sea ice roughness, ocean stratification, and momentum transfer to the ice and ocean is subject to seasonal and decadal variations that are crucial to understanding the present and future air-ice-ocean system in the Arctic. In this study, continuous observations in the Canada Basin from March through December 2014 were used to investigate spatial differences and temporal changes in under-ice roughness and momentum transfer as the ice cover evolved seas...

Jessica M. Labonté, and Steven eHallam, and Curtis A. Suttle

Metagenomic studies have revealed that ssDNA phages from the family Microviridae subfamily Gokushovirinae are widespread in aquatic ecosystems. It is hypothesized that gokushoviruses occupy specialized niches, resulting in differences among genotypes traversing water column gradients. Here, we use degenerate primers that amplify a fragment of the gene encoding the major capsid protein to examine the diversity of gokushoviruses in Saanich Inlet, a seasonally anoxic fjord on the coast of Vancouver...

Hyunkyoung Shin, and Pham Thanh Dam, and Kwang Jin Jung, and Jinseob Song, and Chaewhan Rim, and Taeyoung Chung

This paper presents the model test results of 3 new spar platforms which were developed based on the OC3-Hywind spar to support a 5-MW wind turbine. By changing the shape but keeping both volume and mass of OC3-Hywind spar platform, those platforms were expected to experience different hydrodynamic and hydrostatic loads. The scale models were built with a 1/128 scale ratio. The model tests were carried out in waves, including both rotating rotor effect and mean wind speed. The characteristic mot...

Bruno R. Fermino, and Fernando Paiva, and Priscilla Soares, and Luiz Eduardo R. Tavares, and Laerte B. Viola, and Robson C. Ferreira, and Robinson Botero-Arias, and Cátia D. de-Paula, and Marta Campaner, and Carmen S.A. Takata, and Marta M.G. Teixeira, and Erney P. Camargo

Trypanosoma terena and Trypanosoma ralphi are known species of the South American crocodilians Caiman crocodilus, Caiman yacare and Melanosuchus niger and are phylogenetically related to the tsetse-transmitted Trypanosoma grayi of the African Crocodylus niloticus. These trypanosomes form the Crocodilian clade of the terrestrial clade of the genus Trypanosoma. A PCR-survey for trypanosomes in caiman blood samples and in leeches taken from caimans revealed unknown trypanosome diversity and frequen...

L. Kattner, and B. Mathieu-Üffing, and J. P. Burrows, and A. Richter, and S. Schmolke, and A. Seyler, and F. Wittrock

In 1997 the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) adopted MARPOL Annex VI to prevent air pollution by shipping emissions. It regulates, among other issues, the sulfur content in shipping fuels, which is transformed into the air pollutant sulfur dioxide (SO₂) during combustion. Within designated Sulfur Emission Control Areas (SECA), the sulfur content was limited to 1 %, and on 1 January 2015, this limit was further reduced to 0.1 %. Here we present the set-up and measurement resul...

Erik M. van Oosten, and Alexander H. Boag, and Kris Cunningham, and John Veinot, and Andrew Hamilton, and Dimitri Petsikas, and Darrin Payne, and Wilma M. Hopman, and Damian P. Redfearn, and WonJu Song, and Shawn Lamothe, and Shetuan Zhang, and Adrian Baranchuk

Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) results in intermittent hypoxia leading to atrial remodeling, which, among other things, facilitates development of atrial fibrillation. While much data exists on the macrostructural changes in cardiac physiology induced by OSA, there is a lack of studies looking for histologic changes in human atrial tissue induced by OSA which might lead to the observed macrostructural changes. Methods: A case control study was performed. Patients undergoing coronary a...

M. P. Wadey, and I. D. Haigh, and J. M. Brown

For the UK's longest and most complete sea level record (Newlyn), we assess extreme high waters and their temporal clustering; prompted by the 2013/2014 winter of storms and flooding. These are set into context against this almost 100-year record. We define annual periods for which storm activity and high sea levels can be compared on a year-by-year basis. Amongst the storms and high tides which affected Newlyn, the recent winter produced the largest recorded high water level (3 February 2014) a...

Pablo Carrera, and Carmela Porteiro

The recent failure of sardine catches off Galicia (NW Spain), an area where landings reached up to 100 thousand tonnes only a few years ago, may be explained by two possible hypotheses. The ";depletion"; hypothesis states that diminishing sardine catches were due to a decrease in stock biomass resulting from a combination of reduced recruitment and increased fishing mortality. The ";change in distribution"; hypothesis states that catch failure was due to a change in the distribution of the stock...

Abdulloh Samoh, and Chutamas Satasook, and Patrick Grootaert

Eight new species of marine dolichopodid flies from southern Thailand belonging to the genus Thinophilus Wahlberg, 1844 are described and illustrated: Thinophilus boonrotpongi sp. nov., T. langkawensis sp. nov., T. minutus sp. nov., T. parmatoides sp. nov., T. parvulus sp. nov., T. spinatus sp. nov., T. spinatoides sp. nov. and T. variabilis sp. nov. A key is provided to the species of the Thai-Malay Peninsula.

F. Raicich

Sea level observations made in the Venice Lagoon between 1751 and 1792 have been recovered, consisting of two time series of daily data on high and low waters in Venice and Chioggia. From comparisons with modern observations, the quality of the 18th century data appears to be good enough to allow a useful analysis. A composite time series of daily mean sea level is obtained by merging the 18th century data and 1872–2004 observations in Venice Punta della Salute. The absence of reliable informati...

Rita Orozco, and Yessica Quispe, and Alberto Lorenzo, and María Luz Zamudio

Between February 2010 and May 2014, 22 surveys in Pisco and 16 in Sechura were conducted; both are major areas for shellfish production and mariculture in Peru. The incidence of Vibrio in seawater was monitored during algal blooms and in their absence. Environmental parameters such as temperature and nutrients were measured. In Sechura, Pseudo-nitzschia seriata and Protoperidinium depressum caused algal blooms and were dominant throughout the evaluation period. The temperatures in this area rang...

Joerg eMagerkurth, and Joerg eMagerkurth, and Laura eMancini, and William ePenny, and Guillaume eFlandin, and John eAshburner, and Caroline eMicallef, and Enrico eDe Vita, and Pankaj eDaga, and Mark eWhite, and Craig eBuckley, and Adam Kenji Yamamoto, and Sebastien eOurselin, and Tarek eYousry, and John S Thornton, and Nikolaus eWeiskopf

Functional MRI (fMRI) used for neurosurgical planning delineates functionally eloquent brain areas by time-series analysis of task-induced BOLD signal changes. Commonly used frequentist statistics protect against false positive results based on a p-value threshold. In surgical planning, false negative results are equally if not more harmful, potentially masking true brain activity leading to erroneous resection of eloquent regions. Bayesian statistics provides an alternative framework, categoriz...

Maria Emília Martins da Silva, and Eduardo Juan Soriano-Sierra

The tourist destinations related to sun and beach need a management of coastal areas in accordance with the principles of sustainability from the perspective of developing, in a systemic way, their economic and environmental functions. In this context, the study examines the environmental perception of visitors to the city of Itapema (SC) on the revitalization of the sea front , since the implementation of the Linear Park Boardwalk, as a result of the implementation of Orla project on the city. ...

Faisel T. Illiyas, and Keshav Mohan

Hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) are widely transported in marine vessels to reach every part of the world. Bulk transportation of hazardous chemicals is carried out in tank container–carrying cargo ships or in designed vessels. Ensuring the safety of HNS containers during maritime transportation is critically important as the accidental release of any substance may be lethal to the on-board crew and marine environment. A general assumption in maritime accidents in open ocean is that it wi...

S. Hena, and S. Fatimah, and S. Tabassum

Dairy farm wastewaters are potential resources for production of microalgae biofuels. A study was conducted to evaluate the capability of production of biodiesel from consortium of native microalgae culture in dairy farm treated wastewater. Native algal strains were isolated from dairy farm wastewaters collection tank (untreated wastewater) as well as from holding tank (treated wastewater). The consortium members were selected on the basis of fluorescence response after treating with Nile red re...

Naoki H. Kumagai, and Hiroya Yamano, and Committee Sango-Map-Project

Coral reefs are one of the world’s most threatened ecosystems, with global and local stressors contributing to their decline. Excessive sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) can cause coral bleaching, resulting in coral death and decreases in coral cover. A SST threshold of 1 °C over the climatological maximum is widely used to predict coral bleaching. In this study, we refined thermal indices predicting coral bleaching at high-spatial resolution (1 km) by statistically optimizing thermal thresholds, ...

E. A. Vsemirnova, and R. W. Hobbs, and P. Hosegood

Using a combination of seismic oceanographic and physical oceanographic data acquired across the Faroe-Shetland Channel we present evidence of a turbidity layer that transports suspended sediment along the western boundary of the Channel. We focus on reflections observed on seismic data close to the sea-bed on the Faroese side of the Channel below 900 m. Forward modelling based on independent physical oceanographic data show that thermohaline structure does not explain these near sea-bed reflect...

G. Myhre, and G. Myhre, and A. Grini, and S. Metzger

A thermodynamical model for treatment of gas/aerosol partitioning of semi volatile inorganic aerosols has been implemented in a global chemistry and aerosol transport model (Oslo CTM2). The sulphur cycle and sea salt particles have been implemented earlier in the Oslo CTM2 and the focus of this study is on nitrate partitioning to the aerosol phase and if particulate nitrate is expected to form in fine or coarse mode aerosols. Modelling of the formation of fine mode nitrate particles is complicat...

María Alejandra Romero, and Silvana Dans, and Raúl González, and Guillermo Svendsen, and Néstor García, and Enrique Crespo

A nivel internacional, paralelo a la declinación y al colapso de pesquerías de gran escala, surgió un interés creciente por el estudio de las interacciones entre mamíferos marinos y pesquerías. El golfo San Matías (Patagonia, Argentina) es considerado un ecosistema pesquero independiente de las aguas de la Plataforma Continental Argentina, con condiciones oceanográficas y biológicas particulares. La condición de sistema semi-cerrado podría generar escenarios particulares para la interacción entr...

Chun-Ki Lee, and Serng-Bae Moon, and Tae-Gweon Jeong

The hydrodynamic interaction between two large vessels can't be neglected when two large vessels are closed to each other in restricted waterways such as in a harbor or narrow channel. This paper is mainly concerned with the ship maneuvering motion based on the hydrodynamic interaction effects between two large vessels moving each other in curved narrow channel. In this research, the characteristic features of the hydrodynamic interaction forces between two large vessels are described and illust...

A. Müller, and J. Knies

The records of ice-rafted debris (IRD) provenance in the North Atlantic–Barents Sea allow the reconstruction of the spatial and temporal changes of ice-flow drainage patterns during glacial and deglacial periods. In this study a new approach to characterization of the provenance of detrital quartz grains in the fraction > 500 μm of marine sediments offshore of Spitsbergen is introduced, utilizing scanning electron microscope backscattered electron and cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging, combined w...

Allan T Souza, and Irene Martins, and José Fernando Magalhães Gonçalves

Fish feeding is the main source of waste in aquaculture and is also responsible for most of the environmental impacts derived from this activity. The European Seabass Dicentrarchus labrax is one of the most farmed fishes in the continent, generating an important load of waste on the environment. The consumption of food in fishes is highly dependent on the water temperature and salinity, which create a source of variability on the amount of the ration consumed by fishes. This issue is often negle...

Carlos Carreras, and ALan F. Rees, and Annette C. Broderick, and Brendan J. Godley, and Dimitris Margaritoulis

Genetic markers have been widely used in marine turtles to assess population structuring and origin of individuals in common feeding grounds, which are key elements for understanding their ecology and for developing conservation strategies. However, these analyses are very sensitive to missing information, especially from abundant nesting sites. Kyparissia Bay (western Greece) hosts the second largest Mediterranean nesting aggregation of the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta), but the genetic p...

Park Taewha, and Sung Yonmo, and Kim Taekyung, and Lee Inwon, and Choi Gyungmin, and Kim Duckjool

Flow mixing and pressure drop characteristics for marine selective catalytic reduction applications were investigated numerically to develop an efficient static mixer. Two different mixers, line- and swirl-type, were considered. The effect of vane angles on the relative intensity, uniformity index, and pressure drop was investigated in a swirl-type mixer; these parameters are dramatically affected by the mixer geometry. The presence of a mixer, regardless of the mixer type, led to an improvemen...

E. E. Popova, and A. Yool, and Y. Aksenov, and A. C. Coward, and T. R. Anderson

The Arctic Ocean is a region that is particularly vulnerable to the impact of ocean acidification driven by rising atmospheric CO₂, with potentially negative consequences for calcifying organisms such as coccolithophorids and foraminiferans. In this study, we use an ocean-only general circulation model, with embedded biogeochemistry and a comprehensive description of the ocean carbon cycle, to study the response of pH and saturation states of calcite and aragonite to risin...

Alexei Abramov, and Аnna Bannikova, and Viatcheslav Rozhnov

New findings of the white-toothed shrews (Crocidura spp.) from offshore islands of Vietnam are reported. The species identifications have been confirmed by the analysis of complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (1140 bp). Crocidura phuquocensis is the only species found in the Phu Quoc Island. Crocidura fuliginosa has been recorded from two islands of the Con Dao Archipelago (Con Son and Bai Canh). The occurrence of C. fuliginosa in Vietnam has been genetically confirmed for the first time. Cr...

Peter Honigmann

Kein Abstract vorhanden.

Ana BUTNARU

The management of logistic operations has a very important role in the case of pharmaceutical products. The purpose of this article is to analyse the particularity of the logistic operations management in the pharmaceutical domain. This is seen in the fact that there is the obligativity of using the exclusive distribution system, because the carriers do not have selling right to the final users. In the pharmaceutical domain, the logistic channels may be represented by a system of vertical market...

G. Forget, and J.-M. Campin, and P. Heimbach, and C. N. Hill, and R. M. Ponte, and C. Wunsch

This paper presents the ECCO v4 non-linear inverse modeling framework and its baseline solution for the evolving ocean state over the period 1992–2011. Both components are publicly available and subjected to regular, automated regression tests. The modeling framework includes sets of global conformal grids, a global model setup, implementations of data constraints and control parameters, an interface to algorithmic differentiation, as well as a grid-independent, fully capable Matla...

Charlotte Jane Houldcroft, and Judith eBreuer, and Judith eBreuer

Herpesviruses are ubiquitous double-stranded DNA viruses infecting many animals, with the capacity to cause disease in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. Different herpesviruses have different cell tropisms, and have been detected in a diverse range of tissues and sample types.Metagenomics – encompassing viromics – analyses the nucleic acid of a tissue or other sample in an unbiased manner, making few or no prior assumptions about which viruses may be present in a sample. This app...

Esteban Mira Caballos

Hasta el establecimiento del sistema de flotas en la navegación indiana, entre 1561 y 1564, se produjeron un sinnúmero de debates y propuestas que no han sido hasta la fecha suficientemente analizadas. El camino recorrido hasta la concreción de un sistema estable y eficiente de navegación no fue en absoluto fácil y estuvo precedido de numerosos ensayos y de no pocos fracasos. A mediados del siglo XVI, cuando se entreveía la necesidad de establecer un sistema naval eficaz que permitiese un comerc...

Jordi Solé, and Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy, and Diego Macías, and Ignacio A. Catalán

In this work we focus on the Alboran Sea (western Mediterranean) to relate wind field and ocean velocity variability with chlorophyll a (Chl a) behaviour, using a 2-km resolution, coupled 3D ocean circulation-NPZD model (ROMS). The analysis is done in three steps. First, we split the seasonal and residual contribution for the fields under study. Second, we calculate the corresponding empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) for the seasonal and residual parts. Finally, we relate each pair of variab...

Jeongho Kim , and Wonchoel Lee, and Ivana Karanovic

Citation: Kim J, Lee W, Karanovic I (2017) A new species of Microcharon from marine interstitial waters, Shizuoka, Japan (Isopoda, Lepidocharontidae). ZooKeys 680: 13-31. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.680.12048.

Angelica Naldini, and Cristiano Rossitto, and Fabio Pacelli, and Giuseppe Vizzielli, and Giuseppe Campagna, and Maria Cristina Moruzzi, and Giovanni Scambia

Objective: This prospective pilot study aims to validate feasibility, efficacy and safeness of the innovative technique of video endoscopy inguinal lymphadenectomy (VEIL) and compare it to open inguinal lymphadenectomy (OIL) in the staging and treatment of vulvar cancer (VC). Material and methods: All patients affected by VC suitable for bilateral inguinal-femoral lymphadenectomy were prospectively enrolled and submitted to VEIL on one side and OIL contralaterally, sparing the saphenous vein. Th...

Emanuela eDattolo, and Jenny eGu, and Philipp Emanuel Bayer, and Silvia eMazzuca, and Ilia Anna eSerra, and Antonia eSpadafora, and Letizia eBernardo, and Lucia eNatali, and Andrea eCavallini, and Gabriele eProcaccini

For seagrasses, seasonal and daily variations in light and temperature represent the mains factors driving their distribution along the bathymetric cline. Changes in these environmental factors, due to climatic and anthropogenic effects, can compromise their survival. In a framework of conservation and restoration, it becomes crucial to improve our knowledge about the physiological plasticity of seagrass species along environmental gradients. Here, we aimed to identify differences in transcripto...

Jeffrey eKittilson, and Evan eJones, and Mark eSheridan

Previously, we found that the teleost fish, rainbow trout, possesses two growth hormone receptor (GHR) subtypes that display distinct ligand binding and agonist-induced regulation features. In this study, we used Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells stably transfected individually with the two trout GHR subtypes, GHR1 and GHR2, to elucidate receptor-effector pathway linkages. Growth hormone (GH) stimulated rapid (5-10 min) phosphorylation of ERK, Akt, JAk2, and STAT5 in both GHR1- and GHR2-express...

Luís Raimundo, and Susana Silva

Over the last years, there has been an increased demand from consumers for safe, nutritionally balanced and convenient food products. These trends are contributing towards an increasing demand for fishery products which affects fishery resources worldwide, compromising stocks of many fish species. The technological enhancement of the byproducts of fish industries or fish species of low commercial value, transforming these materials in products with high nutritional potential will simultaneously ...

Danielle Katharine Petsch, and Flávio Henrique Ragonha, and Bárbara Carolina Garcia Gimenez, and Luís Gabriel Antão Barboza, and Alice Michiyo Takeda

We tested the hypothesis that the contribution of the nestedness component is higher in environments with more similar features (lentic or lotic), whereas the contribution of the turnover component is higher in environments with more dissimilar features (lotic vs. lentic). To this end, we partitioned beta diversity of the Oligochaeta community into 12 environments of the Upper Paraná River floodplain. We recorded 986 individuals of 17 taxa. Through Redundancy Analysis, we observed a differentiat...

Jennifer B. Glass, and Richard P. Axler, and Sudeep eChandra, and Charles R. Goldman

Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential micronutrient for biological assimilation of nitrogen gas and nitrate because it is present in the cofactors of nitrogenase and nitrate reductase enzymes. Although Mo is the most abundant transition metal in seawater (107 nM), it is present in low concentrations in most freshwaters, typically <20 nM. In 1960, it was discovered that primary productivity was limited by Mo scarcity (2-4 nM) in Castle Lake, a small, meso-oligotrophic lake in northern California. Follo...

Lina Davuliene, and Nikolay Tarasiuk, and Narciza Spirkauskaite, and Gediminas Trinkunas, and Leonas Valkunas

The main ¹³⁷Cs accumulation zone in the study area was foundto be located at depths below the 50-metre isobath, i.e. below the layer of hydrodynamic activity.In coastal waters not influenced by the fresh water discharge from the Curonian Lagoon,¹³⁷Cs occurs mostly in soluble form. The particulate ¹³⁷Cs activity concentrationin the marine area affected by Curonian Lagoon water can make up 10&#x0025; of the total ¹³⁷Csactivity concentration. The circulat...

Abhishek Singh Nayyar, and Mubeen Khan, and Uttam Dungarmal Bafna, and Siddique Ahmed, and Gayitri Holenarasipur Chaluvaiah

Context: The diagnosis of malignant and potentially malignant epithelial lesions of oral mucosa cannot be based solely on clinical findings. The histologic evaluation of a representative biopsy specimen thus becomes necessary. The site for biopsy, however, is always a subjective choice that sometimes raises doubts about its representativeness. So far, no simple and reliable method is available for the selection of the most appropriate area for biopsy. Colposcopy is helpful in the selection of th...

T. Penduff, and M. Juza, and L. Brodeau, and G. C. Smith, and B. Barnier, and J.-M. Molines, and A.-M. Treguier, and G. Madec

Four global ocean/sea-ice simulations driven by the same realistic 47-year daily atmospheric forcing were performed by the DRAKKAR group at 2&amp;deg;, 1&amp;deg;, &amp;frac12&amp;deg;, and &amp;frac14;&amp;deg; resolutions. Simulated mean sea-surface heights (MSSH) and sea-level anomalies (SLA) are collocated over the period 1993–2004 onto the AVISO dataset. MSSH fields are compared with an inverse estimate. SLA datasets are filtered and compared over various time and space scales with AVISO re...

B. van Maanen, and G. Coco, and K. R. Bryan, and B. G. Ruessink

An artificial neural network (ANN) was developed to predict the depth-integrated alongshore suspended sediment transport rate using 4 input variables (water depth, wave height and period, and alongshore velocity). The ANN was trained and validated using a dataset obtained on the intertidal beach of Egmond aan Zee, the Netherlands. Root-mean-square deviation between observations and predictions was calculated to show that, for this specific dataset, the ANN (&amp;epsilon;_rms=0.43) outp...

Jacek Piskozub

Calculations of the effect of the ship's shadow on in-water irradiance measurement errors were performed with a Monte Carlo radiance transfer algorithm. The algorithm contained the Cox-Munk wave-slope probability function. A simple 3-D model of the rectangular underwater part of a ship was used. The effect was calculated as a function of sea-water absorption, surface roughness (depending on an assumed wind velocity of up to 15 m s^-1) with various wind velocities and directions, le...

S. Cailleau, and J. Chanut, and J.-M. Lellouche, and B. Levier, and C. Maraldi, and G. Reffray, and M. G. Sotillo

The regional ocean operational system remains a key element in downscaling from large scale (global or basin scale) systems to coastal ones. It enables the transition between systems in which the resolution and the resolved physics are quite different. Indeed, coastal applications need a system to predict local high frequency events (inferior to the day) such as storm surges, while deep sea applications need a system to predict large scale lower frequency ocean features. In the framework of the ...

W. Goldsmith, and D. Bernardi, and L. Schippa

Management and construction can increase resilience in the face of climate change, and benefits can be enhanced through integration of biogenic materials including shells and vegetation. Rivers and coastal landforms are dynamic systems that respond to intentional and unintended manipulation of critical factors, often with unforeseen and/or undesirable resulting effects. River management strategies have impacts that include deltas and coastal areas which are increasingly vulnerable to climate cha...

Joaquín Muñoz, and Francisco Amat, and Andy J. Green, and Jordi Figuerola, and Africa Gómez

Since Darwin’s time, waterbirds have been considered an important vector for the dispersal of continental aquatic invertebrates. Bird movements have facilitated the worldwide invasion of the American brine shrimp Artemia franciscana, transporting cysts (diapausing eggs), and favouring rapid range expansions from introduction sites. Here we address the impact of bird migratory flyways on the population genetic structure and phylogeography of A. franciscana in its native range in the Americas. We ...

Ahmed M.H. Elhewy, and Amany M.A. Hassan, and Moussa A. Ibrahim

Ship design process usually relies on statistics and comparisons with existing ships, rather than analytical approaches and optimization techniques. Designers found this way as the best to fulfil the owner’s requirements, but better solutions, for both the shipyard and the owner may exist. Assessing ship life cycle cost is one of the most attractive tasks for shipyard during early design stage. Structural optimization can be used to achieve that task. In this paper, a comprehensive study on the ...

A. A. Petty, and A. A. Petty, and J. C. Stroeve, and J. C. Stroeve, and P. R. Holland, and L. N. Boisvert, and L. N. Boisvert, and A. C. Bliss, and A. C. Bliss, and N. Kimura, and W. N. Meier

The Arctic sea ice cover of 2016 was highly noteworthy, as it featured record low monthly sea ice extents at the start of the year but a summer (September) extent that was higher than expected by most seasonal forecasts. Here we explore the 2016 Arctic sea ice state in terms of its monthly sea ice cover, placing this in the context of the sea ice conditions observed since 2000. We demonstrate the sensitivity of monthly Arctic sea ice extent and area estimates, in terms of their magnitude a...

Aida eSehle, and Aida eSehle, and Manfred eVieten, and Annegret eMündermann, and Annegret eMündermann, and Christian eDettmers, and Christian eDettmers

Fatigue is often reported in stroke patients. However, it is still unclear if fatigue in stroke patients is more prominent, more frequent or more typical than in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and if the pathophysiology differs between these two populations. The purpose of this study was to compare motor fatigue and fatigue induced changes in kinematic gait parameters between stroke patients, MS patients and healthy persons. Gait parameters at the beginning and end of a treadmill walking ...