F. Renou-Wilson, and C. Barry, and C. Müller, and D. Wilson

Temperate grasslands on organic soils are diverse due to edaphic properties but also to regional management practices and this heterogeneity is reflected in the wide range of greenhouse gas (GHG) flux values reported in the literature. In Ireland, most grasslands on organic soils were drained several decades ago and are managed as extensive pastures with little or no fertilisation. This study describes a 2-year study of the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) of two such sites. We determined GHG...

N. Zannoni, and N. Zannoni, and V. Gros, and R. Sarda Esteve, and C. Kalogridis, and C. Kalogridis, and V. Michoud, and V. Michoud, and S. Dusanter, and S. Sauvage, and N. Locoge, and A. Colomb, and B. Bonsang

Total hydroxyl radical (OH) reactivity, the total loss frequency of the hydroxyl radical in ambient air, provides the total loading of OH reactants in air. We measured the total OH reactivity for the first time during summertime at a coastal receptor site located in the western Mediterranean Basin. Measurements were performed at a temporary field site located in the northern cape of Corsica (France), during summer 2013 for the project CARBOSOR (CARBOn within continental pollution plumes: S...

C. C.S. HANNIDES, and I. SIOKOU, and S. ZERVOUDAKID, and C. FRANGOULIS, and M. A. LANGE

Here we conduct the first comprehensive assessment of mesozooplankton abundance, biomass, and taxa composition in Cyprus coastal waters (Levantine Sea).  Mesozooplankton abundance and biomass sampled at several locations around the island ranged from 153 – 498 individuals m-3 and 0.7 – 5.2 mg dry weight m-3, respectively, with significantly larger biomass observed in winter-early spring (March) than in summer (September).  The community was dominated by calanoid and cyclopoid copepods throughout...

Luana Granada, and Nádia Sousa, and Sara Marques, and Filipe Rodrigues

<b>Introduction</b> Aquaculture practices, like any other human activity, affect the environment in different ways. Some can be considered beneficial while others are in conflict with long-term sustainability of natural ecosystems. Recently, some attention has been dedicated to the effects of discharges of effluents from certain types of aquaculture. Aquaculture operations cause the release of metabolic waste products such as faeces, pseudofaeces, excreta and uneaten food which is considered on...

R. Suárez-Moreno, and B. Rodríguez-Fonseca

Sea surface temperature is the key variable when tackling seasonal to decadal climate forecasts. Dynamical models are unable to properly reproduce tropical climate variability, introducing biases that prevent a skillful predictability. Statistical methodologies emerge as an alternative to improve the predictability and reduce these biases. In addition, recent studies have put forward the non-stationary behavior of the teleconnections between tropical oceans, showing how the same tropical mode ha...

Lawrence R. Pomeroy

Ecology has evolved many subdisciplines whose members do not necessarily communicate regularly through attending the same meetings or reading and publishing in the same journals. As a result, explanations of ecological processes are often limited to a single factor, process, or group of organisms, and this limited approach may fail to provide the best understanding of how communities and ecosystems are assembled and function. Specifically, there is a need to bring together information on the int...

J. Bahino, and V. Yoboué, and C. Galy-Lacaux, and M. Adon, and A. Akpo, and S. Keita, and C. Liousse, and E. Gardrat, and C. Chiron, and M. Ossohou, and S. Gnamien, and J. Djossou

This work is part of the DACCIWA FP7 project (Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa) in the framework of the Work Package 2 <q>Air Pollution and Health</q>. This study aims to characterize urban air pollution levels through the measurement of NO₂, SO₂, NH₃, HNO₃ and O₃ in Abidjan, the economic capital of Côte d'Ivoire. Measurements of inorganic gaseous pollutants, i.e. NO₂, SO₂, NH<sub>3</su...

Zekine Punduk, and Onur Oral, and Nadir Ozkayin, and Khalid Rahman, and Rana Varol

Background: Platelet rich plasma (PRP) therapy is widely used in enhancing the recovery of skeletal muscle from injury. However, the impact of intramuscular delivery of PRP on hematologic and biochemical responses has not been fully elucidated in exercise-induced muscle damage. The purpose of this investigation the effects of intramuscular delivery of PRP on hematologic and biochemical responses and recovery strategy muscle damage induced by high intensity muscle exercise (exercise-induced muscl...

Karen Dawn Weynberg, and Elisha Marie Wood-Charslon, and Curtis eSuttle, and Madeleine JH van Oppen

Reef-building corals comprise multipartite symbioses where the cnidarian animal is host to an array of eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms, and the viruses that infect them. These viruses are critical elements of the coral holobiont, serving not only as agents of mortality, but also as potential vectors for lateral gene flow, and as elements encoding a variety of auxiliary metabolic functions. Consequently, understanding the functioning and health of the coral holobiont requires detailed knowle...

Ayub Irmadani Anwar, and Nita Damayanti, and Fuad Husain Akbar

The value of dental and oral hygiene is important to be knownby each individual, it plays a role in efforts to prevent the occurrence of caries. One fifth of the world's population are adolescents, defined by WHO as the age group 10 to 19 years which is an important target group for the development of dental and oral health. Oral hygiene can be determined through measurement of oral hygiene status. Measurement of oral hygiene status commonly usedare the Oral Hygiene Indeks Simplified (OHI-S)by G...

P.J. SCHEMBRI

The alien sea hare Aplysia dactylomela, which is already established in several localities in the central and eastern Mediterranean, is recorded for the first time from Malta on the basis of a specimen photographed at Cirkewwa (northern Malta). It is hypothesised that the occurrence of this species in Malta is a recent event and may be due to range expansion of the species.

I. Kriest, and A. Oschlies

Global models of the oceanic nitrogen cycle are subject to many uncertainties regarding the representation of the relevant biogeochemical processes and of the feedbacks between nitrogen sources and sinks that determine space- and timescales on which the global nitrogen budget is regulated. We investigate these aspects using a global model of ocean biogeochemistry that explicitly considers phosphorus and nitrogen, including pelagic denitrification and nitrogen fixation as sink and s...

Paula Simó-Mirabet, and M. Carla Piazzon, and Josep Alvar Calduch-Giner, and Álvaro Ortiz, and Mónica Puyalto, and Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla, and Jaume Pérez-Sánchez

Background The increased demand for fish protein has led to the intensification of aquaculture practices which are hampered by nutritional and health factors affecting growth performance. To solve these problems, antibiotics have been used for many years in the prevention, control and treatment against disease as well as growth promoters to improve animal performance. Nowadays, the use of antibiotics in the European Union and other countries has been completely or partially banned as a result of...

Torsten eThomas

Microorganisms are increasingly being recognized as the causative agents in the diseases of marine higher organisms, such as corals, sponges and macroalgae. Delisea pulchra is a common, temperate red macroalga, which suffers from a bleaching disease. Two bacterial strains, Nautella italica R11 and Phaeobacter gallaeciensis LSS9, have been shown in vitro to cause bleaching symptoms, but previous work has failed to detect them during a natural bleaching event. To provide a link between in vitro ob...

Slepchenko Natalya, and Lobova Tatyana, and Antonova Kristina

Introduction and study of Crocus were conducted on basis of "Methodology of flower cultivars primary study". Meteorological conditions during the research years differed from the long-time average annual conditions, which affected vegatation of the studied cultivars. Analysis of key biological, morphological and economic indicators showed that the new introduced cultivars were not inferior or are even superior to the control cultivars in their main indicators. Based on the analysis and generali...

Munasik Munasik, and Suharsono Suharsono, and J Situmorang, and Kamiso H N

Studi rekrutmen karang Pocillopora damicornis telah dilakukan dengan mengamati kerapatan juvenil pada substrat penempelan di dataran terumbu Pulau Panjang, Jepara, Jawa Tengah. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa rekrutmen terjadi sepanjang tahun dan tertinggi pada periode Agustus-Oktober. Laju rekrutmen karang di belakang terumbu (back reef) pada sisi bawah angin (selatan) lebih tinggi daripada di sisi atas angin (utara) Pulau Panjang, tampaknya hal ini berkorelasi dengan kerapatan populasi karang dewasany...

I. Federico, and N. Pinardi, and G. Coppini, and P. Oddo, and R. Lecci, and M. Mossa

SANIFS (Southern Adriatic Northern Ionian coastal Forecasting System) is a coastal-ocean operational system based on the unstructured grid finite-element three-dimensional hydrodynamic SHYFEM model, providing short-term forecasts. The operational chain is based on a downscaling approach starting from the large-scale system for the entire Mediterranean Basin (MFS, Mediterranean Forecasting System), which provides initial and boundary condition fields to the nested system.<br><br> The model is con...

Ronald Vonk, and Damia Jaume

A new species of marine interstitial wormshrimp, Ingolfiella maldivensis, is described from coral sand on the inner and outer reef off Magoodhoo island, Faafu atoll, Maldives. Six females were found and compared to other species from the Maldives and those bordering the Indian Ocean and beyond. Morphological resemblance ties it to a species from the Caribbean island of Curaçao. Both species are found in shallow sublittoral interstitial spaces.

R. Séférian, and M. Gehlen, and L. Bopp, and L. Resplandy, and J. C. Orr, and O. Marti, and J. P. Dunne, and J. R. Christian, and S. C. Doney, and T. Ilyina, and K. Lindsay, and P. R. Halloran, and C. Heinze, and J. Segschneider, and J. Tjiputra, and O. Aumont, and A. Romanou

During the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) substantial efforts were made to systematically assess the skill of Earth system models. One goal was to check how realistically representative marine biogeochemical tracer distributions could be reproduced by models. In routine assessments model historical hindcasts were compared with available modern biogeochemical observations. However, these assessments considered neither how close modeled biogeochemical reservoirs w...

Leonardo Kleba Lisboa, and Aurea Luiza Lemes da Silva, and Mauricio Mello Petrucio

AIM: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of water and sediment characteristics on the abundance, richness and diversity of the benthic invertebrate community in Peri lagoon, a freshwater coastal lagoon located in central coast of Santa Catarina State; METHODS: Samplings were performed in April, May and June 2009, in five different sites of Peri lagoon. The samples were taken with an Eckman-Birge drag, totalizing 60 for the invertebrate community, and 45 for sediment. Water ...

Werther Krohling, and Ilana Rosental Zalmon

The influence of sedimentation and turbidity caused by the pluviometric precipitation and by the Paraiba do Sul River during the summer was investigated on an artificial reef along the north coast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Four recruitment and four cumulative plates were removed monthly (January 2002 to February 2003) from the external surface of the concrete reef modules. Empty space was not a limiting factor the recruitment. Turnover rate and structural difference index were higher in the fir...

Grassi Marco T., and Shi Bo, and Allen Herbert E.

The sorption of copper ions from aqueous solutions onto modified aluminum oxide was investigated as a function of pH, solids concentration and both particulate and dissolved organic matter. The aluminum oxide studied was modified by adsorption of humic acid. The pH value, organic matter content, and solids concentration dominated copper adsorption onto modified aluminum oxide. The adsorption of copper increased with increasing pH. An increase in particulate organic carbon resulted in an enhanced...

M. Domingues, and R. Amaral, and J.A. Fonseca, and P. Azevedo, and J. Correia-de-Sousa

Background: Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis (AR) are two chronic inflammatory diseases that are often concomitant. The Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test (CARAT) was developed to evaluate the control of these diseases from the patients’ perspective. Its performance in asthma patients without AR has not been previously studied. Aim: To test the hypothesis that CARAT can be used to assess asthma control in patients with asthma and without AR. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted...

I. Hense, and I. Stemmler, and S. Sonntag

The current generation of marine biogeochemical modules in Earth system models (ESMs) considers mainly the effect of marine biota on the carbon cycle. We propose to also implement other biologically driven mechanisms in ESMs so that more climate-relevant feedbacks are captured. We classify these mechanisms in three categories according to their functional role in the Earth system: (1) <q>biogeochemical pumps</q>, which affect the carbon cycling; (2) <q>biological gas and particle shuttles</q>, w...

D. Barantiev, and M. Novitsky, and E. Batchvarova

Continuous wind profile and turbulence measurements were initiated in July 2008 at the coastal meteorological observatory of Ahtopol on the Black Sea (south-east Bulgaria) under a Bulgarian-Russian collaborative program. These observations are the start of high resolution atmospheric boundary layer vertical structure climatology at the Bulgarian Black Sea coast using remote sensing technology and turbulence measurements. The potential of the measurement program with respect to this goal is illus...

B. R. Carter, and J. R. Toggweiler, and R. M. Key, and J. L. Sarmiento

We introduce a composite tracer for the marine system, Alk^*, that has a global distribution primarily determined by CaCO₃ precipitation and dissolution. Alk^* is also affected by riverine alkalinity from dissolved terrestrial carbonate minerals. We estimate that the Arctic receives approximately twice the riverine alkalinity per unit area as the Atlantic, and 8 times that of the other oceans. Riverine inputs broadly elevate Alk^* in the Arctic surface an...

Cheng Zhao, and Weixing Mei, and Wei Pan

This paper presents an interactive approach to the construction of a grid-semantic map for the navigation of service robots in an indoor environment. It is based on the Robot Operating System (ROS) framework and contains four modules, namely Interactive Module, Control Module, Navigation Module and Mapping Module. Three challenging issues have been focused during its development: (i) how human voice and robot visual information could be effectively deployed in the mapping and navigation process;...

Dor Edelist, and Oren Sonin, and Daniel Golani, and Gil Rilov, and Ehud Spanier

The spatiotemporal patterns of discards and catch composition of Israeli trawlers were examined using a 4-year (1990-1994), 324 haul dataset. Haul depth was found to be the main grouping variable for hauls, although significant seasonal differences were also found. 28.3% of the total catch was discarded, and there was a 40.1% discard percentage in shallow hauls. According to these figures, annual discards for the Israeli trawl fleet for the study period are estimated at ca. 440 to 700 t. Both th...

Javier Arístegui, and Santiago Hernández-León, and María F. Montero, and May Gómez

The short-term temporal variation in the phytoplankton and mesozooplankton cycles was studied in a coastal area off east Gran Canaria Island. A small phytoplankton bloom, split into two peaks, appeared during late winter (end of February and March), coinciding with the lowest temperatures in the water column. A clear inverse relationship was observed between the biomasses in mesozooplankton and phytoplankton during the bloom period. The peaks in primary production and phytoplankton biomass were ...

Jeong-Ho Han, and Woon Kee Paek, and Kwang-Guk An

The key objective of this study was to analyze the sampling efficiency of various fish sampling gears for a lentic ecosystem health assessment. A fish survey for the lentic ecosystem health assessment model was sampled twice from 30 reservoirs during 2008–2012. During the study, fishes of 81 species comprising 53,792 individuals were sampled from 30 reservoirs. A comparison of sampling gears showed that casting nets were the best sampling gear with high species richness (69 species), whereas min...

Maryam Ghafoori, and Ali Naghizadeh

Background and Aim: Humic substances include natural organic polyelectrolyte materials that formed most of the dissolved organic carbon in aquatic environments. Reaction between humic substances and chlorine leading to formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) those are toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic. The aim of this study was investigation of isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics of humic acid removal process by nano chitosan from aquatic environment. Materials and Methods: This practica...

Da-wei Zhang, and Jin Quan, and Hong-bin Zhang, and Fan Wang, and Hong Wang, and Xiao-yan He

Flash flood hazard mapping is a supporting component of non-structural measures for flash flood prevention. Pilot case studies are necessary to develop more practicable methods for the technical support systems of flash flood hazard mapping. In this study, the headwater catchment of the Xiapu River Basin in central China was selected as a pilot study area for flash flood hazard mapping. A conceptual distributed hydrological model was developed for flood calculation based on the framework of the ...

Michael J. Kingsford, and Anthony Defries

Two species of dolphinfish, Coryphaena hippurus and Coryphaena equiselis, are found in Australian waters and off the north-eastern coast of New Zealand. Both species (also called Mahi-mahi, or dorado) are generally found in tropical waters, but only C. hippurus is captured in southern waters (to 34°S). Dolphinfish are caught by recreational and commercial fishers, using either trolled or baited lines. Most catch records do not allow the identification of fish to the species level. Dolphinfish ar...

Adi Lavy, and Ray Keren, and Gitai Yahel, and Micha Ilan

High Microbial Abundance (HMA) sponges constitute a guild of suspension-feeding sponges that host vast populations of symbiotic microbes. These symbionts mediate a complex series of biogeochemical transformations that fuel the holobiont’s metabolism. Although sponges are aerobic animals, suboxic and anaerobic bacteria are known to reside within their bodies. However, little is known about the chemical characteristics of the sponge environment in which they occur and almost no data are available ...

Magdalena Be&#322;dowska, and Lucyna Falkowska, and Anita Lewandowska

Ammonia concentrations in aerosols and ammonium concentrations in the air were measured in the coastal zone of the southern Baltic Sea. The main study area was the Hel Peninsula, where measurements were carried out from December 1997 to March 1998. There was a second such area in Gdynia, where the first measurement period extended from May to December 2000, and the second one lasted from February to May 2001. At the same time, chloride, sulphate and sodium concentrations in the aerosols were d...

Luis Alejandro Ariza A, and José Gregorio Núñez P, and Lilia Ruiz, and Elizabeth Méndez de E

Los pastos marinos son ecosistemas costeros de alta productividad, con gran diversidad y abundancia de peces, la cual es aprovechada por pescadores artesanales. En este estudio se analizó la estructura comunitaria íctica de praderas de Thalassia testudinum en Manzanillo (M) y La Brea (LB), costa noroeste del Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela. También, se realizaron muestreos mensuales (11-2006 al 10-2007), con la utilización de una red playera. Se capturaron 34 810 organismos agrupados en 13 órdenes, ...

Yasunobu Matsuura, and Keshiyu Nakatani

Relaciona-se neste trabalho a ocorrência de 11 famílias e 26 gêneros de diferentes espécies de larvas e jovens de peixes coletados na Ilha Anchieta, Ubatuba (Lat. 23º32'S - Long. 45º05'W), durante os anos de 1973 e 1974. Foram analisados todos os peixes coletados, procurando-se estabelecer o período das desovas através da ocorrência dos diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento em que se encontravam, relacionando-os com as condições ambientais. A espécie mais abundante foi Eucinostomus sp., que oco...

A. Barbi, and M. Monai, and R. Racca, and A. M. Rossa

Recent recurring episodes of heavy flash flood-producing rainfall events on the Veneto coastal area have renewed the interest in documenting the frequency and key dynamical ingredients of such events. A climatological analysis of the precipitation in Veneto reveals that, in comparison with the rest of the region, the coastal area is characterized by fewer rain days, lower rainfall accumulations, yet more days with heavy precipitation. If set in relation to the yearly rainfall, daily accumulation...

Eugenio Alberto Aragón-Noriega, and Luis Eduardo Calderón-Aguilera

After damming the Colorado River the freshwater flow was reduced to 1 % of its virgin flow to the Upper Gulf of California (UGC). The ecological effects need to be properly documented. The UGC is the nursery area for Litopenaeus stylirostris, the most profitable fishery in the zone. In order to know the relative abundance of L. stylirostris postlarval stage we conducted a sampled survey every 14 days in 1993, 1994 and 1997, plus an intensive sampling during a complete tide cycle in July 1995 and...

Y. Miyazaki, and M. Sawano, and K. Kawamura

Lactic acid (LA) and glycolic acid (GA), which are low-molecular-weight hydroxyacids, were identified in the particle and gas phases within the marine atmospheric boundary layer over the western subarctic North Pacific. A major portion of LA (81%) and GA (57%) was present in the particulate phase, which is consistent with the presence of a hydroxyl group in these molecules leading to the low volatility of the compounds. The average concentration (±SD) of LA in more biologically influenced marine...

A. Chakrabarti, and B. N. Mandal, and Rupanwita Gayen

The well-known semi-infinite dock problem of the theory of scattering of surface water waves is reexamined and known results are recovered by utilizing a Fourier type of analysis, giving rise to Carleman-type singular integral equations over semi-infinite ranges.

Mark T.J. Vredegoor, and Bartjan J.W. Pennink

<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal;"><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Stimson, et al. (2009) developed one of the most relevant and well known model for Regional Economic Development. This model covers the most i...

Alexis Kuerbis, and Frederick J. Muench, and Rufina Lee, and Juan Pena, and Lisa Hail

Background. Normative feedback (NF), or receiving information about one’s drinking compared to peer drinking norms, is one of the most widely used brief interventions for prevention and intervention for hazardous alcohol use. NF has demonstrated predominantly small but significant effect sizes for intention to change and other drinking related outcomes. Identifying mechanisms of action may improve the effectiveness of NF; however, few studies have examined NF’s mechanisms of action, particularly...

Kai Qu, and Xudong Zhang

In order to simulate the stress and strain of solid rocket motors (SRMs), a finite element analysis model was established. The stress spectra of the SRM elements with respect to time in the case that the vessel cruises under a certain shipping condition were obtained by simulation. According to the analysis of the simulation results, a critical zone was confirmed, and the Mises stress amplitudes of the different critical zones were acquired. The results show that the maximum stress and strain of...

Jacqueline S. Silva-Cavalcanti, and Monica F. Costa, and Luis H.B. Alves

Spatial and temporal density and biomass of the infaunal mollusk Anomalocardia flexuosa (Linnaeus, 1767) evaluated a tidal plain at Goiana estuary (Northeast Brazil). Three hundred and sixty core samples were taken during an annual cycle from three intertidal habitats (A, B and C). Shell ranged from 2.20 to 28.48 mm (15.08 ± 4.08 mm). Recruitment occurred more intensely from January to March. Total (0–1,129 g m−2) differed seasons (rainy and dry), with highest values in the early rainy season (2...

Michael Castellini, and Oguz Baskurt, and Judith M Castellini, and Herbert J Meiselman

The field of blood oxygen transport and delivery to tissues has been studied by comparative physiologists for many decades. Within this general area, the particular differences in oxygen delivery between marine and terrestrial mammals has focused mainly on oxygen supply differences and delivery to the tissues under low blood flow diving conditions. Yet, the study of the inherent flow properties of the blood itself (hemorheology) is rarely discussed when addressing diving. However, hemorheology i...

A. N. Schwier, and C. Rose, and E. Asmi, and A. M. Ebling, and W. M. Landing, and S. Marro, and M.-L. Pedrotti, and A. Sallon, and F. Iuculano, and S. Agusti, and A. Tsiola, and P. Pitta, and J. Louis, and C. Guieu, and F. Gazeau, and K. Sellegri

The effect of ocean acidification and changing water conditions on primary (and secondary) marine aerosol emissions is not well understood on a regional or a global scale. To investigate this effect as well as the indirect effect on aerosol that changing biogeochemical parameters can have, ~ 52 m³ pelagic mesocosms were deployed for several weeks in the Mediterranean Sea during both winter pre-bloom and summer oligotrophic conditions and were subjected to various levels of CO<sub>2</s...

John A. Cigliano, and John A. Cigliano, and Amy Bauer, and Megan M. Draheim, and Melissa Foley, and Carolyn J. Lundquist, and Carolyn J. Lundquist, and Julie-Beth McCarthy, and Katheryn W. Patterson, and Andrew J. Wright, and E.C.M. Parsons

Despite advances in marine conservation research, policy, and management, human activities continue to negatively affect marine species, habitats, and ecosystems, and the people who rely on them for needed resources. This begs the question: What is preventing us from being more effective in conserving marine species, habitats, and ecosystems? Answering this requires us to identify gaps in marine conservation efforts and develop a consensus on how best to target our efforts. One way to do this is...

Jean-Marc Fromentin

Although the Atlantic bluefin tuna has been studied for more than a century, the assessment of the East stock is characterised by a large amount of uncertainty. In 2000, this situation became so critical that quantitative stock assessment has been postponed. The first part of the present study aims to list the main difficulties that have led to the current situation and tries to discern between subjective and objective uncertainty. The former, which is due to an incomplete knowledge of the syste...

Matthew Peter Wadey, and Ivan David Haigh, and Ivan David Haigh, and Robert J Nicholls, and Jennifer M Brown, and Kevin eHorsburgh, and Ben eCarroll, and Shari eGallop, and Shari eGallop, and Travis eMason, and Elizabeth eBradshaw

A North Sea storm surge during 31 January-1 February 1953 caused Northwest Europe’s most severe coastal flood in living memory. This event killed more than 2,000 people on the coasts of England, the Netherlands and Belgium. In the UK, where this study focuses, this event was a pivotal influence for flood risk management. Subsequent progress included a national tide gauge network, a storm surge forecasting and warning service, and major defence upgrade such as the Thames Barrier. Almost 60-years ...