Verdurmen MJH, and Videler AC, and Kamperman AM, and Khasho D, and van der Feltz-Cornelis CM

Michelle JH Verdurmen,1 Arjan C Videler,2 Astrid M Kamperman,3 David Khasho,4 Christina M van der Feltz-Cornelis4,5 1Department of Personality Disorders, GGz Breburg, Tilburg, 2Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, GGz Breburg, Tilburg, 3Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Epidemiological and Social Psychiatric Research Institute, Rotterdam, 4Clinical Center of Excellence for Body, Mind and Health, GGz Breburg, Tilburg, 5Department of Tranzo, Tilburg University, Tilburg, ...

Dileep Nag Vinnakota, and Krishna Chaitanya Kanneganti, and Mahesh Pulagam, and Praveen Kumar Reddy Karnati

Statement of Problem: Many methods are reported in literature to determine freeway space (FWS), but they yield dissimilar measurements. Purpose: Recording FWS of patients during prosthetic rehabilitation is one of the important steps in dentistry. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability to predict FWS using lateral profile photographs (LPPs) in edentulous participants. Materials and Methods: Fifty-three participants in the age range of 20–27 years who met the inclusion criteria were...

A. Acuña Plavan, and R. Gurdek, and N. Muñoz, and J. M. Gutierrez, and M. Spósito, and P. Correa, and A. Caride

Abstract The large estuaries can present long narrow branches called subestuaries or tidal creeks. These types of subsystems are distributed along the Uruguayan coast of the Río de la Plata estuary and are very important as nursery and refuge areas for fish. For the first time, the seasonal composition and abundance of the fish community of the Solís Chico subestuary was studied by using beach and gill nets. Fourteen species, mainly euryhaline (86%) presented a significant representation of juve...

Thangapalam Jawahar Abraham, and Shubhadeep Ghosh, Debasis Sasmal

Objective: To study the influence of biological products on the levels of nitrogen and sulphur cycle bacteria in shrimp culture systems of West Bengal, India. Methods: The pond water and sediment samples were analyzed for physico-chemical parameters as per standard methods. The bacteria involved in ammonification, nitrification, denitrification, sulphate reduction and sulphur oxidation were enumerated by most probable number technique. Results: The semi-intensive and modified extensive shr...

Saldana SJ, and Marsh AP, and Rejeski WJ, and Haberl JK, and Wu P, and Rosenthal S, and Ip EH

Santiago J Saldana,1 Anthony P Marsh,2 W Jack Rejeski,2 Jack K Haberl,2 Peggy Wu,3 Scott Rosenthal,4 Edward H Ip1 1Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 2Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 3Research and Development, Smart Information Flow Technologies, Minneapolis, MN, 4Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA Introduction: As the population ages, the prevention of falls is an increasingly importa...

N. T. Kurtz, and N. Galin, and M. Studinger

We develop a physical model capable of simulating the mean echo power of CryoSat-2 SAR- and SARIn-mode waveforms over sea-ice-covered regions. The model simulations are used to show the importance of variations in the radar backscatter coefficient with incidence angle and surface roughness for the retrieval of surface elevation of both sea ice floes and leads. The physical model is used to fit CryoSat-2 waveforms to enable retrieval of surface elevation through the use of lookup tables and a bou...

Harsha Kumar H, and Jayaram S, and Kumar Ganesh, and Vinita J, and Rohit S, and Satish M, and Shusruth K, and Nitin, and Akhilesh

<b>Background</b> : The number of physician scientists worldwide is decreasing. A review of literature suggests paucity of information examining perceptions and practices towards research among medical undergraduate students in India. Hence, this study was undertaken. <b> Objectives</b> : To understand (a) the awareness, skills, perceptions and practices among undergraduate (UG) medical students towards research, (b) the factors responsible for willingness to take up research as a career among t...

José Rodrigo de Moraes, and Jessica Pronestino de Lima Moreira, and Ronir Raggio Luiz

Estudos que consideram variáveis individuais e ambientais para explicar as diferenças no estado de saúde autorreferido de indivíduos vêm paulatinamente crescendo no Brasil, mas ainda são escassos. Por razões de tempo e custo, muitas pesquisas utilizam planos amostrais complexos que envolvem aspectos (estratificação, conglomeração e pesos amostrais distintos) que quando ignorados podem influenciar as medidas de razões de chance e as medidas de precisão das estimativas dos parâmetros de modelos es...

Yu Tao, and Chen Mingru, and Du Jianguo, and Lu Zhenbin, and Yang Shengyun

The age and growth and population dynamics of the black pomfret, Parastromateus niger and the frigate tuna, Auxis thazard thazard were studied from specimens collected monthly in the Taiwan Strait from April 2005 to March 2006. With five age groups of each, the dominant black pomfret was one year, while frigate tuna was two years. The total mortality coefficient (Z) and the fishing mortality (F) of the black pomfret were at high levels, the exploitation ratio (E) was over 0.5, and the number of ...

Deka Satyen, and Bhattacharjee Harsha, and Barman M, and Kalita Kruto, and Singh Sunil

A pilot study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 23-gauge vitrectomy under topical anesthesia. Five eyes of five patients underwent 23-gauge sutureless vitrectomy under topical anesthesia with a pledget soaked in 0.5&#x0025; proparacaine hydrochloride anesthetic, for vitreous hemorrhage (four eyes), epiretinal membrane (one eye). Subjective pain and discomfort were graded using a visual analogue chart from 0 (no pain or discomfort) to 4 (severe pain and discomfort). At the end o...

Truchon M.

M. Grégoire, and M. Grégoire, and J. M. Beckers

A 6-compartment biogeochemical model of nitrogen cycling and plankton productivity has been coupled with a 3D general circulation model in an enclosed environment (the Black Sea) so as to quantify and compare, on a seasonal and annual scale, the typical internal biogeochemical functioning of the shelf and of the deep sea as well as to estimate the nitrogen and water exchanges at the shelf break. Model results indicate that the annual nitrogen net export to the deep sea roughly corresponds to the...

Mohamed Shaltout, and Anders Omstedt

We analyse recent Mediterranean Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and their response to global change using 1/4-degree gridded advanced very-high-resolution radiometer (AVHRR) daily SST data, 1982-2012. These data indicate significant annual warming (from 0.24^{°<s/up>C decade^-1 west of the Strait of Gibraltar to 0.51^°C decade-1} over the Black Sea) and significant spatial variation in annual average SST (from 15^ºC over the Black Sea to 21^°C over...

Jaqueline Gusmão, and Cristiano Lazoski, and Antonio M. Solé-Cava

Penaeid shrimps are important resources for worldwide fisheries and aquaculture. In the Southwest Atlantic, Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis, F. paulensis, F. subtilis, Farfantepenaeus sp. and Litopenaeus schmitti are among the most important commercially exploited species. Despite their high commercial value, there is little information available on the different aspects of their biology or genetics and almost no data on their stock structure. We used allozymes to estimate variability levels and po...

W. Hendrich, and Z> Kubiak, and K. Jurajda, and M. Pawlaczyk-Szpilowa

The inhibitory effect of herbicides on the Hill reaction (with 2,6-dichloro-phenol-indophenol as acceptor) and their influence on development of the alga Scenedesmus quadricauda was studied. The following herbicides were tested: 2,4-D, Gramoxone, Afalon, Kresamone, CIPC and Simazine. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanism of action of the investigated herbicides.

Anjiang SHEN, and Wenzhi ZHAO, and Anping HU, and Min SHE, and Yana CHEN, and Xiaofang WANG

Through case study of reef-shoal, karst and dolostone reservoirs in the Tarim and Sichuan Basins, the material base and the mechanisms of porosity creation, modification and preservation of carbonate reservoirs were examined carefully in order to figure out the major factors controlling the development of various types of carbonate reservoirs. Three factors control the development of carbonate reservoirs: (1) carbonate sediments of reef-shoal facies are the material base for not only reef-shoal ...

Hongyan WANG, and Yuzhang LIU, and Dazhong DONG, and Qun ZHAO, and Dong DU

Shale gas resources are abundant in China and have been discovered in some areas. They are widely distributed in the Cambrian, Ordovician and Silurian strata in Southern China, with technically recoverable resources accounting for 3/4 of the whole country. The Southern China will be the main area for shale gas development. Compared with North America, there are a lot of differences in shale gas exploration and development in Southern China which include intensive tectonic movements in marine sha...

Xiaojun WANG, and Jing YU, and Yunchao SUN, and Chao YANG, and Lizhou JIANG, and Chang LIU

Abstract: There are many problems associated with coiled tubing drilling operations, such as great circulation pressure loss inside pipe, difficulties in weight on bit (WOB) transferring, and high probability of differential sticking. Aiming at these problems, solids-free brine drilling fluid system was developed on the basis of formulation optimization with brine base fluid experiment, which was evaluated and applied to field drilling. Based on the optimization of flow pattern regulator, salt-r...

González-Wevar Claudio A, and Hüne Mathias, and Cañete Juan I, and Mansilla Andrés, and Nakano Tomoyuki, and Poulin Elie

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Patagonia extends for more than 84,000 km of irregular coasts is an area especially apt to evaluate how historic and contemporary processes influence the distribution and connectivity of shallow marine benthic organisms. The true limpet <it>Nacella magellanica</it> has a wide distribution in this province and represents a suitable model to infer the Quaternary glacial legacy on marine benthic organisms. This species inhabits ice-free rocky ecosystems, has a n...

de Milliano Inge, and Tabbers Merit M, and van der Post Joris A, and Benninga Marc A

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Constipation during pregnancy is a common problem. Nowadays only few effective interventions are published preventing or treating constipation during pregnancy. However, their use is limited due to side-effects. This uncontrolled intervention study was performed to determine if a mixture of probiotics in the treatment of constipation during pregnancy is effective.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Women aged ≥ 18 years with functional constipation were included at the Ob...

Ferraresso Serena, and Bargelloni Luca, and Laizé Vincent, and Tiago Daniel M, and Romualdi Chiara, and Cancela M

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Fish has been deemed suitable to study the complex mechanisms of vertebrate skeletogenesis and gilthead seabream (<it>Sparus aurata</it>), a marine teleost with acellular bone, has been successfully used in recent years to study the function and regulation of bone and cartilage related genes during development and in adult animals. Tools recently developed for gilthead seabream, <it>e.g. </it>mineralogenic cell lines and a 4 × 44K Agilent oligo-array, were us...

Primmer Craig R, and Ryynänen Heikki J

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) represent the most abundant type of DNA variation in the vertebrate genome, and their applications as genetic markers in numerous studies of molecular ecology and conservation of natural populations are emerging. Recent large-scale sequencing projects in several fish species have provided a vast amount of data in public databases, which can be utilized in novel SNP discovery in salmonids. However, the suggested duplicate...

Gardner Allison M, and Anderson Tavis K, and Hamer Gabriel L, and Johnson Dana E, and Varela Kate E, and Walker Edward D, and Ruiz Marilyn O

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>An important determinant of mosquito-borne pathogen transmission is the spatial distribution of vectors. The primary vectors of West Nile virus (WNV) in Illinois are <it>Culex pipiens</it> Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae) and <it>Culex restuans</it> Theobald. In urban environments, these mosquitoes commonly oviposit in roadside storm water catch basins. However, use of this habitat is inconsistent, with abundance of larvae varying significantly across catch basi...

Coffey Christopher S, and Hebert Patricia R, and Ritchie Marylyn D, and Krumholz Harlan M, and Gaziano J Michael, and Ridker Paul M, and Brown Nancy J, and Vaughan Douglas E, and Moore Jason H

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To examine interactions among the angiotensin converting enzyme (<it>ACE</it>) insertion/deletion, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (<it>PAI-1</it>) <it>4G/5G</it>, and tissue plasminogen activator (<it>t-PA</it>) insertion/deletion gene polymorphisms on risk of myocardial infarction using data from 343 matched case-control pairs from the Physicians Health Study. We examined the data using both conditional logistic regression and the multifactor dimensionali...

Kristy Deiner, and Jacqueline Lopez, and Steve Bourne, and Luke Holman, and Mathew Seymour, and Erin K. Grey, and Anaïs Lacoursière, and Yiyuan Li , and Mark A. Renshaw, and Michael E. Pfrender, and Marc Rius, and Louis Bernatchez, and David M. Lodge

The analysis of environmental DNA (eDNA) using metabarcoding has increased in use as a method for tracking biodiversity of ecosystems. Little is known about eDNA in marine human-modified environments, such as commercial ports, which are key sites to monitor for anthropogenic impacts on coastal ecosystems. To optimise an eDNA metabarcoding protocol in these environments, seawater samples were collected in a commercial port and methodologies for concentrating and purifying eDNA w...

I. Asaad, and I. Asaad, and C. J. Lundquist, and C. J. Lundquist, and M. V. Erdmann, and M. J. Costello

<p>An online atlas of the Coral Triangle region of the Indo-Pacific biogeographic realm was developed. This online atlas consists of the three interlinked parts: (1) Biodiversity Features; (2) Areas of Importance for Biodiversity Conservation; (3) recommended priorities for Marine Protected Area (MPA) Network Expansion (<span class="uri">http://www.marine.auckland.ac.nz/CTMAPS</span>). The first map, Biodiversity Features, provides comprehensive data on the region's marine protected areas and bi...

Roberto Battiston, and Rajesh Puttaswamaiah, and Nayak Manjunath

Observations in unmanipulated, semi-natural conditions were made of a single individual of the praying mantid Hierodula tenuidentata, while hunting and capturing an unusual prey for this kind of insect, guppy fish, Poecilia reticulata. This repetitive fishing behavior, recorded daily, is reported here for the first time and discussed in relation to the adaptive behavioral plasticity of praying mantids. We speculate regarding learning from experience as a hunting strategy. ...

S. Fritzner, and R. Graversen, and K. H. Christensen, and P. Rostosky, and K. Wang

<p>The accuracy of the initial state is very important for the quality of a forecast, and data assimilation is crucial for obtaining the best-possible initial state. For many years, sea-ice concentration was the only parameter used for assimilation into numerical sea-ice models. Sea-ice concentration can easily be observed by satellites, and satellite observations provide a full Arctic coverage. During the last decade, an increasing number of sea-ice related variables have become available, whic...

P V Divya, and V Prakash

Context: Some of the coastal parts of Kerala are well-reported high background radiation area. Hence, the radiological protection of the population in this region has of great concern. Aims: In view of this, a study has been undertaken to understand the distribution of radon (222Rn) concentration in drinking water collected from the region. The seasonal variation of radon concentration in drinking water also forms part of the study. Assessment of whole-body dose and excess lifetime cancer risk (...

Juan A Sánchez, and Santiago Herrera, and Raúl Navas-Camacho, and Alberto Rodríguez-Ramírez, and Pilar Herron, and Valeria Pizarro, and Alison R Acosta, and Paula A Castillo, and Phanor Montoya, and Carlos Orozco

The health of coral reef communities has been decreasing over the last 50 years, due the negative effects of human activities combined with other natural processes. We present documentation of a White Plague Disease (WPD) outbreak in the Serrana Bank, an isolated Western Caribbean atoll with presumably inexistent pollutant inputs from local human settlements. In addition, this study summarizes seven years of observations on diseased corals in the nearby island of San Andrés, which in contrast is...

Francioni Eleine, and Wagener Angela de L. Rebello, and Calixto Reinaldo de C, and Bastos Gildo C

Perna perna was collected from several sites along the coast of Rio de Janeiro and analysed for the content of copper, zinc, cadmium and chromium. In spite of the observed concentration variability in organisms pertaining to the same population, statistical evaluation allowed metal level differentiation among regions and sites as well as between males and females. Differences in metal contents did not confirm expectations based on source strength and existing data on water concentration.

Nikolaev A. M., and Alekseev M. Yu.

The adaptation process of 1+ Atlantic salmon reared at hatcheries of the Murmansk region to life in a natural environment has been studied; the intensity of food consumption by salmon parr in the first two months after stocking into the Orlovka River (a tributary to the Kola River) has been determined in dynamics. A significant difference in quantitative and qualitative composition of food between reared and wild juvenile salmon has been found. Based on the analysis of the authors' and literatur...

Rodrigo Egydio Barreto

Mutch David M, and Berger Alvin, and Bruce German J, and Roberts Matthew A

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The functions, actions, and regulation of tissue metabolism affected by the consumption of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) from fish oil and other sources remain poorly understood; particularly how LC-PUFAs affect transcription of genes involved in regulating metabolism. In the present work, mice were fed diets containing fish oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, fungal oil rich in arachidonic acid, or the combination o...

Watson Christine, and Tomporowski Phillip, and Paton James Y, and Boyle James ME, and Fisher Abigail, and McColl John H, and Reilly John J

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Randomized controlled trials (RCT) are required to test relationships between physical activity and cognition in children, but these must be informed by exploratory studies. This study aimed to inform future RCT by: conducting practical utility and reliability studies to identify appropriate cognitive outcome measures; piloting an RCT of a 10 week physical education (PE) intervention which involved 2 hours per week of aerobically intense PE compared to 2 hour...

R. Calov, and S. Beyer, and S. Beyer, and S. Beyer, and R. Greve, and J. Beckmann, and M. Willeit, and T. Kleiner, and M. Rückamp, and A. Humbert, and A. Humbert, and A. Ganopolski

<p>We introduce the coupled model of the Greenland glacial system IGLOO 1.0, including the polythermal ice sheet model SICOPOLIS (version 3.3) with hybrid dynamics, the model of basal hydrology HYDRO and a parameterization of submarine melt for marine-terminated outlet glaciers. The aim of this glacial system model is to gain a better understanding of the processes important for the future contribution of the Greenland ice sheet to sea level rise under future climate change scenarios. The ...

Hayes Polly M, and Wertheim David F, and Smit Nico J, and Seddon Alan M, and Davies Angela J

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although widely used in medicine, the application of three-dimensional (3D) imaging to parasitology appears limited to date. In this study, developmental stages of a marine fish haemogregarine, <it>Haemogregarina curvata </it>(Apicomplexa: Adeleorina), were investigated in their leech vector, <it>Zeylanicobdella arugamensis; </it>this involved 3D visualisation of brightfield and confocal microscopy images of histological sections through infected leech saliva...

Chiu Yao-Chu, and Lee Po-Lei, and Lin Ching-Hung, and Hsieh Jen-Chuen

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Iowa gambling task is a popular test for examining monetary decision behavior under uncertainty. According to Dunn et al. review article, the difficult-to-explain phenomenon of "prominent deck B" was revealed, namely that normal decision makers prefer bad final-outcome deck B to good final-outcome decks C or D. This phenomenon was demonstrated especially clearly by Wilder et al. and Toplak et al. The "prominent deck B" phenomenon is inconsistent with the ...

Millard Andrew D, and Clokie Martha RJ, and Mann Nicholas H

<p>Abstract</p> <p>From genomic sequencing it has become apparent that the marine cyanomyoviruses capable of infecting strains of unicellular cyanobacteria assigned to the genera <it>Synechococcus </it>and <it>Prochlorococcus </it>are not only morphologically similar to T4, but are also genetically related, typically sharing some 40-48 genes. The large majority of these common genes are the same in all marine cyanomyoviruses so far characterized. Given the fundamental physiological differences b...

Gregersen, Ulrik

Jensen, J.B., and Endler, R.

Dorward Heidi, and Ciccone Carla, and Sonies Barbara, and Harris-Love Michael, and Shrader Joseph, and Manoli Irini, and Joe Galen, and Rakocevic Goran, and Sparks Susan, and Krasnewich Donna, and Huizing Marjan, and Dalakas Marinos C, and Gahl William A

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hereditary Inclusion Body Myopathy (HIBM) is an autosomal recessive, adult onset, non-inflammatory neuromuscular disorder with no effective treatment. The causative gene, <it>GNE</it>, codes for UDP-<it>N</it>-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/<it>N</it>-acetylmannosamine kinase, which catalyzes the first two reactions in the synthesis of sialic acid. Reduced sialylation of muscle glycoproteins, such as α-dystroglycan and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), has...

LUC ORTLIEB, and RUBEN ESCRIBANO, and RENZO FOLLEGATI, and OSCAR ZUÑIGA, and ISMAEL KONG, and LUIS RODRIGUEZ, and JORGE VALDES, and NURY GUZMAN, and PAOLA IRATCHET

Atmosphere-ocean interactions are particularly strong along the Chile-Peru coast and largely account for the extreme aridity of the Atacama Desert. Near the center of the driest part of this coastal desert, we found that the embayment Bahía Mejillones constitutes an unusually favorable setting for the formation and subsequent preservation of a sedimentary record of the successive oceanographic conditions of the last few thousand years. This work deals with relative abundance of various bio-indic...

Randall Carly J, and Peshkin Leonid, and Schnetzer Julia, and Voolstra Christian R, and Szmant Alina M, and Medina Mónica

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Coral reefs are expected to be severely impacted by rising seawater temperatures associated with climate change. This study used cDNA microarrays to investigate transcriptional effects of thermal stress in embryos of the coral <it>Montastraea faveolata</it>. Embryos were exposed to 27.5°C, 29.0°C, and 31.5°C directly after fertilization. Differences in gene expression were measured after 12 and 48 hours.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Analysis of differentially expres...

Ratcliffe Julie, and Round Alison, and Milne Ruairidh, and Crabb Tania, and Dyer Matthew, and Stein Ken, and Brazier John

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Objectives</p> <p>To pilot using a panel of members of the public to provide preference data via the Internet</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A stratified random sample of members of the general public was recruited and familiarised with the standard gamble procedure using an Internet based tool. Health states were perdiodically presented in "sets" corresponding to different conditions, during the study. The following were described: Recruitment (proportion of people approached who were...

Stone Brian A, and Samadi David, and Bemis Debra L, and Jin Zhezhen, and Capodice Jillian L, and Kapan Steven, and Katz Aaron E

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The etiology and treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) remain poorly understood. Pain, lower urinary tract voiding symptoms and negative impact on quality of life (QOL) are the most common complaints. Acupuncture, which has been widely used to treat painful and chronic conditions, may be a potential treatment to alleviate the constellation of symptoms experienced by men with CP/CPPS. The purpose of our study was to assess the...

Bogdan, H. V., and Covaciu–Marcov, S.–D., and Gaceu, O., and Cicort–Lucaciu, A.–S., and Ferenţi, S., and Sas–Kovács, I.

The feeding of four amphibian species (Triturus cristatus, Lissotriton vulgaris, Bombina variegata, Pelophylax ridibundus) was studied in 2011, in south–western Romania. The diet of the newts was uniform and mostly composed of aquatic preys The diet of the anurans was more diversified, comprising more prey taxa, mostly terrestrial. The trophic niches of the two newt species overlapped highly but differed from those of the anurans. The trophic niches of the anurans differed from one another. The ...

Grogan Sarah C, and Smith Graham R, and Hurst Gemma L, and Davey Rachel C, and Kurth Judy

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There is growing recognition that a sedentary lifestyle is being driven, at least in part, by environmental factors that affect individuals' physical activity choices and health behaviours. In other words, the environments in which we live, and with which we interact, have become ones that encourage lifestyle choices that decrease physical activity and encourage over-consumption of foods. However, evidence from community-led interventions to change local neig...

Dimitra Papadimitriou, and Gerasimos Gavrielatos, and Pavlos Stougiannos, and Ioannis Kaplanis, and Athanasios Trikas

S Rupesh, and J J Winnier, and U A Nayak, and A P Rao, and N V Reddy, and J Peter

Background: There has been much debate in the past about whether honey is harmful to the teeth, mostly as part of the debate about raw sugar versus refined sugar and the results have been equivocal. However, what has not been taken into account is that honey varies markedly in the potency of its antibacterial activity. Manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) honey from New Zealand has been found to have substantial levels of non-peroxide antibacterial activity associated with an unidentified phytochemic...