José H. Fontenelle, and Marcel S. Miranda

ABSTRACT We studied the reproductive biology of Megalobulimus paranaguensis (Pilsbry & Ihering, 1900), a large and long-lived land gastropod from the Atlantic Rainforest of Brazil. The study was conducted at an urban park in the city of Santos, state of São Paulo. For 4 years, we counted the egg postures and annual eclosion rate of 32 captive snails and looked for associations between egg posture and the climatical variables of the period. The annual mean posture of 8.7 eggs per snail obtained i...

Cláudia Vieira Carestiato Cordeiro, and Barbara de Macedo Passos Oggioni, and Francisco Jose Castro Moura Duarte, and Francisco de Paula Antunes Lima

The possibility of using pre-defined ergonomic recommendations for projects offshore is related to several factors that encompass the hiring of a specialized ergonomic team to the design phase in which this team is involved in the context of the project. The main objective of this article is to test the usage and discuss the applicability of the Ergonomic Technical Recommendations (TRs), developed using the Ergonomic Work Analysis methodology. Although the TR files were considered overly long to...

洪雯柔Wen-Jou Hung

這是一個國際化與全球化綜錯交疊的世代。我們所面臨的，是怎樣面貌的世代？國際化由來已久，雖然廣義的全球化歷程歷時久遠，甚至遠溯至自有歷史以來，但形塑今日獨特全球化面貌與特質的，主要是從1960、1970 年代開始，這是因為資訊科技發展的突破，尤其是網路的出現，以及此種革命所帶來的傳播媒體種類之多樣化與功能之強化。另一個不可或缺的動力則來自經濟面向，亦即資本主義在資訊與傳播革新基礎上的延伸擴展。對經濟利益以及全球經濟競爭之優勢地位的爭取，乃是促使各國、各地積極投入全球市場，而更進一步形塑全球面貌的重要動因。此外，國際與各國政治局勢、環境、文化等其他因素，或有著推波助瀾的功能、或為不可或缺的要項（洪雯柔，2002）。而若將國際化與全球化之界定加以對照，可發現現今的世代實則二者兼具。

ASHFAQ AKRAM, and MAHER D FUADFUAD, and ARSHAD MAHMOOD MALIK, and BALSAM MAHDI NASIRALZURFI, and MANAH CHANDRA CHANGMAI, and MELINDA MADLENA

Introduction: MICAP is a new notation in which the teeth are indicated by letters (I-incisor, C-canine, P-premolar, M-molar) and numbers [1,2,3] which are written superscript and subscript on the relevant letters. FDI tooth notation is a two digit system where one digit shows quadrant and the second one shows the tooth of the quadrant. This study aimed to compare the short term retention of knowledge of two notation systems (FDI two digit system and MICAP notation) by lecture method. Met...

Alejandra Volpedo, and Gustavo Thompson

Environmental changes together with other stressors, such as habitat destruction, may cause widespread extinctions, decrease in biodiversity and disrupt natural communities, resulting in novel species assemblages. South America has a large diversity of freshwater fishes with complex evolutionary histories, mainly due to the presence of a wide variety of aquatic environments. Argentina has experienced an increase in rainfall in the last five decades leading to important climatic and hydrological ...

Héctor Manuel Esparza Leal, and Francisco Javier Magallón Barajas, and Ricardo Pérez Enriquez, and Ramón Casillas Hernández, and Julio A. Cabanillas Ramos, and Wenceslao Valenzuela Quiñónez

Shrimp farming with a value annually of US$711 million approximately, is one of the most important primary activities in Mexico. However, shrimp farming has had to face various problems that have limited their development, within which the mortality caused by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the most important. To have scientific elements to focus on preventive health management actions is necessary to know, among other factors, aspects of the epidemiologyof white spot disease (WSD). Ther...

J. B. Palter, and J. L. Sarmiento, and A. Gnanadesikan, and J. Simeon, and R. D. Slater

In the Southern Ocean, mixing and upwelling in the presence of heat and freshwater surface fluxes transform subpycnocline water to lighter densities as part of the upward branch of the Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC). One hypothesized impact of this transformation is the restoration of nutrients to the global pycnocline, without which biological productivity at low latitudes would be significantly reduced. Here we use a novel set of modeling experiments to explore the causes and consequ...

Maria Cléa Brito de Figueirêdo, and Lúcia de Fátima Pereira Araújo, and Morsyleide de Freitas Rosa, and Lúcia de Fátima Sabóia de Morais, and Walt Disney Paulino, and Raimundo Bemvindo Gomes

O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar os principais aspectos e impactos ambientais relacionados à carcinicultura em águas interiores, através da análise das etapas do processo e dos diferentes tipos de cultivo, em 32 fazendas localizadas nas bacias do Médio e Baixo Jaguaribe, Ceará, Brasil. Essa avaliação foi realizada aplicando-se questionários e realizando-se a caracterização dos efluentes e do solo de 3 viveiros selecionados. Os principais impactos ambientais estão relacionados à ocupação d...

Aniela Kozłowska

Walter A. Boeger, and Marcio R. Pie, and Antonio Ostrensky, and Marcelo F. Cardoso

Rebecca E. Lee, and Nathan H. Parker, and Erica G. Soltero, and Tracey A. Ledoux, and Scherezade K. Mama, and Lorna McNeill

Abstract Background Low physical activity (PA) and fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption in early childhood are continued public health challenges. This manuscript describes outcomes from two pilot studies for Sustainability via Active Garden Education (SAGE), a program designed to increase PA and F&V consumption among 3 to 5 year old children. Methods SAGE was developed using community-based participatory research (CBPR) and delivered to children (N = 89) in early care and education centers (EC...

Ruth H. Keogh, and Punam Mangtani, and Laura Rodrigues, and Patrick Nguipdop Djomo

Abstract Background Traditional analyses of standard case-control studies using logistic regression do not allow estimation of time-varying associations between exposures and the outcome. We present two approaches which allow this. The motivation is a study of vaccine efficacy as a function of time since vaccination. Methods Our first approach is to estimate time-varying exposure-outcome associations by fitting a series of logistic regressions within successive time periods, reusing controls acr...

Adolfo Calor, and Rodolfo Mariano

A simple, inexpensive light trap is described for collecting night-flying insects. The components for constructing the light trap are described and the advantages and disadvantages for collecting different taxa of aquatic insects are discussed. Armadilha Luminosa para Coleta de Insetos Aquáticos Resumo. Armadilha luminosa simples e de baixo custo é apresentada para coleta de insetos noturnos. Os componentes necessários para a construção da armadilha luminosa são descritos, assim como suas vantag...

Matteo G. Carrabba, and Laurette Tavel, and Giacomo Oliveira, and Alessandra Forcina, and Giacomo Quilici, and Francesca Nardelli, and Cristina Tresoldi, and Alessandro Ambrosi, and Fabio Ciceri, and Massimo Bernardi, and Luca Vago, and Giovanna Musco

Abstract Despite the considerable progress in understanding the molecular bases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), new tools to link disease biology to the unpredictable patient clinical course are still needed. Herein, high-throughput metabolomics, combined with the other “-omics” disciplines, holds promise in identifying disease-specific and clinically relevant features. In this study, we took advantage of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to trace AML-associated metabolic trajectory employing tw...

Morgan L. Alexander, and Sankaraleengam Alagapan, and Courtney E. Lugo, and Juliann M. Mellin, and Caroline Lustenberger, and David R. Rubinow, and Flavio Fröhlich

Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders, but pharmacological treatments are ineffective in a substantial fraction of patients and are accompanied by unwanted side effects. Here we evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at 10 Hz, which we hypothesized would improve clinical symptoms by renormalizing alpha oscillations in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). To this end, 32 participa...

M. O'Callaghan

Aerial photographs taken between 1936 and 1987 of the eleven rivers flowing into False Bay were studied. Various techniques were used to obtain quantitative values and value judgements for the changes that had taken place. It was found that large increases in industrial, residential, recreational areas and alien plant cover have taken place at the expense of open sand and natural vegetation types. The rivers along the eastern shore of the Bay are relatively undisturbed. Those along the western s...

Edmond Dounias, and Serge Cogels, and Serges Mvé Mbida, and Stéphanie Carrière

The Mvae and the Ntumu, two African rainforest ethnic groups belonging to same Fang linguistic sub-group, live together as good neighbors in the Ntem watershed of southern Cameroon. Like most forest dwellers in the Congo Basin, these two societies have implemented a multi-active type of subsistence economy: hunting, trapping, gathering and fishing are practiced in addition to a predominant slash-and-burn agriculture. The aim of this paper is to emphasize that these ethnic groups, which do not ha...

P.A.S. Mourão

In the present review, we describe a systematic study of the sulfated polysaccharides from marine invertebrates, which led to the discovery of a carbohydrate-based mechanism of sperm-egg recognition during sea urchin fertilization. We have described unique polymers present in these organisms, especially sulfated fucose-rich compounds found in the egg jelly coat of sea urchins. The polysaccharides have simple, linear structures consisting of repeating units of oligosaccharides. They differ among ...

RUHYAT PARTASASMITA , and TONI NUARI , and TATANG SUHARMANA ERAWAN , and JOHAN ISKANDAR

Jorge Iván Sánchez-Botero, and Danielle Sequeira Garcez, and Nidia Noemi Fabré

Flooding areas present high biological productivity and are inhabited by populations that practice agriculture-fishing activities, based on the multiple use of resources. The economicity of the system leads the riverines to territorial appropriation and the common dependence of the resources leads to the establishment of internal agreements, defining criteria of access and intensity of extraction. This study, through 244 interviews with fishermen and meetings at 16 communities of Low Solimões Ri...

X. Fettweis, and B. Franco, and M. Tedesco, and J. H. van Angelen, and J. T. M. Lenaerts, and M. R. van den Broeke, and H. Gallée

To estimate the sea level rise (SLR) originating from changes in surface mass balance (SMB) of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS), we present 21st century climate projections obtained with the regional climate model MAR (Modèle Atmosphérique Régional), forced by output of three CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) general circulation models (GCMs). Our results indicate that in a warmer climate, mass gain from increased winter snowfall over the GrIS does not compensate mass loss thro...

Uwe Zimmermann, and Fabrício Lopes Carvalho, and Fernando L. Mantelatto

AbstractDecapod species have evolved with a variety of reproductive strategies. In this study reproductive features of the palaemonid shrimp Leander paulensiswere investigated. Individuals were collected in the coastal region of Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. In all, 46 ovigerous females were examined in terms of the following reproductive traits: fecundity, reproductive output, brood loss and egg volume. Leander paulensis produces a large number of small eggs with an average fecundity of 635 ± 246...

Stephanny Arroyo-Arce, and Roberto Salom-Pérez

Little is known about the effects of jaguars on the population of marine turtles nesting in Tortuguero National Park, Costa Rica. This study assessed jaguar predation impact on three species of marine turtles (Chelonia mydas, Dermochelys coriáceaand Eretmochelys imbricata)that nest in Tortuguero beach. Jaguar predation data was obtained by using two methodologies, literature review (historical records prior the year 2005) and weekly surveys along the 29 km stretch of beach during the period 2005...

T. Wagner, and O. Ibrahim, and R. Sinreich, and U. Frieß, and R. von Glasow, and U. Platt

We present Multi AXis-Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) observations of tropospheric BrO carried out on board the German research vessel Polarstern during the Antarctic winter 2006. Polarstern entered the area of first year sea ice around Antarctica on 24 June 2006 and stayed within this area until 15 August 2006. For the period when the ship cruised inside the first year sea ice belt, enhanced BrO concentrations were almost continuously observed. Outside the first year sea...

Anderson KN, and Goldsmith P, and Gardiner A

Kirstie N Anderson, Paul Goldsmith, Alison Gardiner Regional Sleep Service, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Introduction: Computerized or online cognitive behavioral therapies (CBTs) are increasingly being developed to deliver insomnia therapy (CBT-i). They seek to address the difficulty of delivering an evidence-based technology to a large number of patients at low cost. Previous online applications have shown significant but variable improvements in sleep efficiency and a decrease ...

Jesus Leonardo Cestari, and Tsunao Matsumoto, and Milton Dall'Aglio Sobrinho, and Marcelo Libânio

No presente trabalho realizou-se estudo de hidrodinâmica visando avaliar a magnitude do curto-circuito para cinco distintas configurações de aberturas entre as câmaras de uma unidade piloto de floculação mecanizada, para gradientes de velocidade constante e variável, e alternância do sentido da rotação do agitador. O estudo evidenciou que a relevância da configuração das aberturas cresce à medida que o número de câmaras diminui. Em contrapartida, o sentido da rotação dos agitadores e a magnitude...

F. Gómez, and H. Claustre, and P. Raimbault, and S. Souissi

The phytoplankton (&amp;gt;15 μm) composition and abundance was investigated along a ~8000 km transect between the Marquesas Islands Archipelago and the Chilean coasts off Concepción. In the southern limit of the central Equatorial Pacific (at 8&amp;deg; S, 141&amp;deg; W), in High-Nutrient Low-Chlorophyll (HNLC) warm waters, the microphytoplankton assemblage was dominated by the lightly silicified diatoms <i>Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima</i> and <i>Rhizosolenia bergonii</i>. The morphology of ...

Marcelo Paes Gomes, and Ronaldo Novelli, and Vicente Vieira Faria, and Ilana Rosental Zalmon

<abstract language="eng">Artificial reefs have become an important and popular resource enhancement technique by concentrating fishes and by increasing natural production of biological resources. In order to increase the necto-benthic colonization potencial, an artificial reef was installed on the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro (21º27'S, 41ºOO'W), an area with typically low relief bottom. Measuring nearly 1500 m², the reef consisted of four sets of different materials randomly disposed: concre...

Hyangsook Lee

Daniel Morais, and Victor Pylro, and Ian M. Clark, and Penny R. Hirsch, and Marcos R. Tótola

Brazilian offshore crude oil exploration has increased after the discovery of new reservoirs in the region known as pré-sal, in a depth of 7.000 m under the water surface. Oceanic islands near these areas represent sensitive environments, where changes in microbial communities due oil contamination could stand for the loss of metabolic functions, with catastrophic effects to the soil services provided from these locations. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of petroleum contamination on micr...

Yong eWang, and Wei Peng eZhang, and Hui Luo eCao, and Chun Shum eShek, and Ren Mao eTian, and Yue Him eWong, and Zenon eBatang, and Abdulaziz eAl-suwailem, and Pei-Yuan N/a Qian

A hypoxic/suboxic brine pool at a depth of about 850 m was discovered near the Thuwal cold seeps in the Red Sea. Filled with high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, such a brine pool might limit the spread of eukaryotic organisms. Here, we compared the communities of the eukaryotic microbes in a microbial mat, sediments and water samples distributed in 7 sites within and adjacent to the brine pool. Taxonomic classification of the pyrosequenced 18S rRNA amplicon reads showed that fun...

Charlotte K. Whitney, and Nathan J. Bennett, and Natalie C. Ban, and Edward H. Allison, and Derek Armitage, and Jessica L. Blythe, and Jenn M. Burt, and William Cheung, and Elena M. Finkbeiner, and Maery Kaplan-Hallam, and Ian Perry, and Nancy J. Turner, and Lilia Yumagulova

Because of the complexity and speed of environmental, climatic, and socio-political change in coastal marine social-ecological systems, there is significant academic and applied interest in assessing and fostering the adaptive capacity of coastal communities. Adaptive capacity refers to the latent ability of a system to respond proactively and positively to stressors or opportunities. A variety of qualitative, quantitative, and participatory approaches have been developed and applied to understa...

Santiago Fernández Conti, and Félix Labrador Arroyo

This study is aimed at dealing with the exercise of royal power, its intermediation through the court and its projection on territories through an analysis of the organization of a specific military campaign, namely the Azores campaign of 1582, in greater depth. The common thread which helps us better understand this event is a closer examination of the leading figure and officer who took part: the field master Francisco de Bobadilla, future count of Puñonrostro. This analysis will allow us to e...

F. Li, and Y. Wu, and D. A. Hutchins, and F. Fu, and K. Gao

Diel and seasonal fluctuations in seawater carbonate chemistry are common in coastal waters, while in the open-ocean carbonate chemistry is much less variable. In both of these environments, ongoing ocean acidification is being superimposed on the natural dynamics of the carbonate buffer system to influence the physiology of phytoplankton. Here, we show that a coastal <i>Thalassiosira weissflogii</i> isolate and an oceanic diatom, <i>Thalassiosira oceanica</i>, respond differentially to di...

Mohsen Dehghani

Heavy metals are among the most toxic pollutants in aquatic ecosystems. This study was conducted to evaluate the concentration of heavy metals viz. lead, cadmium, chromium, zinc, cobalt, and copper in eight commercial fishes of Khur-e Khuran international wetland (KIW), Iran. The results showed that the highest concentration of heavy metals attributed to Zn as 176.5 µg g-1 dry weight in Platycephalus indicus and the lowest to Pb as 0.12 µg g-1 dry weight in Sillago sihama. Average concentrations...

R. A. Goytisolo Espinosa, and J. G. Noa Águila, and N. Arzola de la Peña, and L. Castellanos González, and H. Hernández Herrera, and L. López Torres, and A. Fernández Cañizares

<p>En el Trabajo se presentan los resultados de una investigación realizada por el colectivo de Mecánica Aplicada de la<br />Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica de La Universidad de Cienfuegos, con vistas a esclarecer la causa de la fractura del<br />cigüeñal de uno de los motores de la Moto Nave “Mar del Sur” de le Empresa EQUITALL.<br />La investigación del material del cigüeñal arrojó que se trata de acero 30. Los cálculos realizados demostraron, que la<br />capacidad resistente de este acero es ...

Kristine Jung, and Vanessa Stelzenmüller, and Gerd-Peter Zauke

Spatial distributions of Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni and Zn concentrations in brown shrimps Crangon crangon (Linnaeus, 1758) collected on a cruise of FRV Walther Herwig III to the southern North Sea in January 2004, were investigated on a scale of 18 x 18 km to evaluate the range of spatial autocorrelations for the different variables under study. Semivariogram models obtained by geostatistical procedures indicated a distinct increase in variability for most variables with sampling distance. Only if samples ...

Joshua Maniriniaina Rambahiniarison, and Gonzalo Araujo, and Mary Jane Lamoste, and Jessica Labaja, and Sally Snow, and Alessandro Ponzo

We report the occurrence of the reef manta ray Manta alfredi Krefft 1868 in the Bohol Sea, Philippines, based on photographic evidence from boat-based surveys and a fishery specimen. Despite previous anecdotal reports from the diving industry and over a century of extensive targeted fisheries for mobulid rays in the Philippines, it was not until recently that the species was first confirmed in the country at the Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park, Palawan. Our results confirm the presence of M. alfred...

Su Young Yu, and Han Suk Choi, and Seung Keon Lee, and Chang Ho Do, and Do Kyun Kim

This paper deals with the dynamic effect of pipeline installation and embedment for the on-bottom stability design of offshore pipelines on soft clay. On-bottom stability analysis of offshore pipelines on soft clay by DNV-RP-F109 (DNV, 2010) results in very unreasonable pipe embedment and concrete coating thickness. Thus, a new procedure of the on-bottom stability analysis was established considering dynamic effects of pipeline installation and pipe-soil interaction at touchdown point (TDP). Thi...

L. Strictar-Pereira, and AA. Agostinho, and LC Gomes

Fish rearing in cages installed in reservoirs has developed rapidly in Brazil over the last decade. However, this type of aquaculture induces some changes in the environment because of the high quantity of nutrients released into the surroundings. This study evaluated trophic changes resulting from these nutrient inputs into the diet, feeding activity and nutritional condition of Auchenipterus osteomystax, an insectivore that alternatively feeds on zooplankton. Fish were sampled with gillnets in...

Azadeh Taherpour, and Bita Archangi, and Sadraddin Ghaemmaghami, and Hossein Zolgharnein, and Kamal Ghanemi

Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of different solvent extracts of Padina sp. against selected human pathogenic bacteria and fungi species such as Escherichia coli, Shigella sp., Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans. Methods: Various solvents including methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane were used to acquire crude extracts from marine algae Padina sp. After crude preparation, antibacterial and antifung...

Sunita R Tandulwadkar, and Manasi V Naralkar, and Akash D Surana, and M Selvakarthick, and Avinash H Kharat

Introduction: This pilot study was to evaluate the effectiveness of intrauterine infusion of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in infertile women undergoing frozen embryo transfer cycles with suboptimal endometrium. Material and Methods: Intrauterine instillation of autologous PRP was done in 68 women between 22 and 40 years, over 8 months, with suboptimal endometrial growth, and patients with repeated cycle cancellations, in addition to Estradiol valerate. Frozen embryo transfer was perform...

Paulo dos Santos Pompeu, and Carlos Bernardo Mascarenhas Alves

Lagoa Santa is a shallow permanent lake, located in Belo Horizonte metropolitan region, Brazil. In this study, the loss in fish diversity of the lake over the past 150 years is evaluated. Local extinction of almost 70% of the original fish fauna is described. Probably, the main causes of this richness loss were: obstruction of natural communication with rio das Velhas, non-native species introduction, change in the water level, organic pollution, and elimination of littoral and submerged vegetat...

Protsenko Sofiya, and Sukhinova Tatyana

The necessity of numerical modeling of the mechanisms of formation of the field of suspension and sediment flow determines the urgency of the problem under study. The process of developing shallow coastal zones, with constructive transformation and changes in coastal reliefs, is becoming increasingly important. Assessment of the hydrodynamic impact on shore protection structures and coastal structures installed at the bottom of a shallow water body is an important task at present. With a constru...

Emilio J, and Schwartz M, and Feldman E, and Bieber AK, and Bienenfeld A, and Jung MK, and Siegel DM, and Markowitz O

Joanna Emilio,1 Michelle Schwartz,2&ndash;4 Eleanor Feldman,2&ndash;4 Amy Kalowitz Bieber,2&ndash;4 Amanda Bienenfeld,2&ndash;4 Min-Kyung Jung,1 Daniel M Siegel,2,3 Orit Markowitz2&ndash;4 1Department of Dermatology, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, 2Department of Dermatology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 3Department of Dermatology, NY Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, 4Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Abstract: Actinic keratoses (A...

JD Dias, and NR Simões, and CC Bonecker

Fish farming in net cages causes changes in environmental conditions. We evaluated the resilience of zooplankton concerning this activity in Rosana Reservoir (Paranapanema River, PR-SP). Samples were taken near the net cages installed at distances upstream and downstream, before and after net cage installation. The resilience was estimated by the decrease in the groups' abundance after installing the net cages. The zooplankton community was represented by 106 species. The most abundant species w...

Madhurima Mukherjee, and Prabin Gyawali, and Rajesh Kumar Thakur, and Revathi P Shenoy, and Anjali Rao

Objective: To assess the frequency of micronucleus in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells of patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) in relation to free radical toxicity since OLP is considered to be a precancerous lesion. Methods: The micronucleus frequency in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells of patients with OLP was assessed and compared to those in healthy subjects. Results: A significant increase (P<0.004) in frequency of micronucleated exfoliated cells (MEC) was observed in patients with OLP w...

Syarifudin Achmad

Musi river is the largest river in Palembang with a length of more than 750 kilometers. The sedimentation in the Musi river is commonly existed due to the high level meeting of velocity between the Musi river and the ocean in the Bangka Strait. The silting condition of Musi river is getting more severe due to the sludge growth that reach about 40 cm per month. In fact, the volume of sludge could reach 2.5 million m3. There are 13 silted points along the river shipping channel from the Boom Baru ...

Ervīns Lukševičs, and Pavel Beznosov, and Valdemārs Stūris

The species of the Late Devonian, earliest Famennian placoderm fish Bothriolepis jeremejevi has been downranked to subspecies Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi comb. nov. in a result of detailed morphological studies of the type specimens and abundant new material from the type locality of the Sosnogorsk Formation, South Timan, Komi Republic, Russia. This taxon closely resembles Bothriolepis leptocheira leptocheira from Scotland, B. leptocheira curonica from Latvia, and B. leptocheira ssp. fro...

Mahesh P, and Jayaraj B, and Prahlad S, and Chaya S, and Prabhakar A, and Agarwal A, and Jindal S

<b>Background: </b> The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing in India and there is a need to study the prevalence of COPD, particularly in the rural areas, which may be most affected due to their lifestyle. <b> Materials and Methods:</b> First stage: Validation of the questionnaire-105 consecutive patients underwent administration of the structured questionnaire and spirometry was used as a gold standard for the diagnosis of COPD. Second stage: Adults above 4...