C. Schoeman, and M. Dlamini, and O.J. Okonkwo

There has been growing concern regarding the pollution of the aquatic environment with synthetic organic chemicals. Antiretroviral drugs, such as efavirenz and nevirapine, are pharmaceutical drugs and are referred to as emerging contaminants. Such drugs can be environmentally persistent and may be expected to pose potential risks to drinking water supplies. Sources of pharmaceutical drugs include effluents from Wastewater Treatment Works (WWTPs), hospital and pharmaceutical production facilities...

JI WU, and SHULIN DUAN, and LIDUI WEI, and JIN YAN

This paper investigates the thermal strength, mechanical strength, coupled-field strength in the piston crown of MAN Diesel's 6S50MC-C marine engine. The changes of piston crown structure include increasing the depth of shaker cooling hole and blending edges in cooling oil chamber. The temperature fields, stress and deformation are calculated in different structure. Based on temperature field, thermal strength, mechanical strength and coupled strength are obtained in ANSYS. In original design st...

Nikodem Szymański, and Piotr Dąbrowski, and Magdalena Zabochnicka-Świątek, and Balaji Panchal, and Detlev Lohse, and Hazem M. Kalaji

Natural water reservoirs are very important ecosystems thus they should be under continuous monitoring and protection. In water of low quality, the algal blooms develop develops vastly. The knowledge of algal species composition is necessary for understanding this process. There are a few traditional group-specific methods of microalgae classification, but they are often labour-intense and time-consuming. Moreover, the samples must be prepared and/or collected before getting any results. Non-inv...

Elly eSpijkerman, and Alexander eWacker, and Alexander eWacker, and Guntram eWeithoff, and Thomas eLeya

Red, orange or green snow is the macroscopic phenomenon comprising different eukaryotic algae. Little is known about the ecology and nutrient regimes in these algal communities. Therefore, 8 snow algal communities from 5 intensively tinted snow fields in western-Spitsbergen were analysed for nutrient concentrations and fatty acid (FA) composition. To evaluate the importance of a shift from green to red forms on the FA-variability of the field samples, 4 snow algal strains were grown under nitrog...

Jong-Ho Nam, and Sehwan Sohn, and David J. Singer

A scalar metric for the assessment of hull surface producibility was known to be useful in estimating the complexity of a hull form of ships or large offshore structures by looking at their shape. However, it could not serve as a comprehensive measuring tool due to its lack of important components of the hull form such as longitudinals, stiffeners, and web frames attached to the hull surface. To have a complete metric for cost estimation, these structural members must be included. In this paper,...

V. Wepener, and N. Euler, and J.H.J. van Vuren, and H.H. du Preez, and Astri Kohler

The development of an aquatic toxicity index and its application is described. In this index the protection of aquatic life is always referred to in terms of toxic effects of different water quality variables to fish, as health indicators of the aquatic ecosystem. The final index score is produced by means of standard additive techniques as well as by using the water quality variable giving the lowest index score (minimum operator). The minimum operator is employed in order not to conceal import...

Rémi M. Daigle, and Cristián J. Monaco, and Ashley K. Elgin

Around the world, governments are establishing Marine Protected Area (MPA) networks to meet their commitments to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. MPAs are often used in an effort to conserve biodiversity and manage fisheries stocks. However, their efficacy and effect on fisheries yields remain unclear. We conducted a case-study on the economic impact of different MPA network design strategies on the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) fisheries in Canada. The open-source R package ...

Tyla S. Holsomback, and Christopher J. Van Nice, and Rachel N. Clark, and Nancy E. McIntyre, and Alisa A. Abuzeineh, and Jorge Salazar-Bravo

Along the southeastern coast of the United States of America (USA), the marsh rice rat (<em>Oryzomys palustris</em>) is the primary host for the hantavirus genotype Bayou. According to the socio-ecological model for a territorial, polygamous species, females should be distributed across space and time by habitat resources and predation risks, whereas males should space themselves according to the degree of female aggregation and reproductive synchrony. To investigate how females affect the male-...

Elizabeth J. Connors

Coral reef ecosystems of the South Pacific are extremely vulnerable to plastic pollution from oceanic gyres and land-based sources. To describe the extent and impact of plastic pollution, the distribution of both macro- (>5 mm) and microplastic (plastic < 5 mm) of the fringing reef of an isolated South Pacific island, Mo’orea, French Polynesia was quantified. Macroplastic was found on every beach on the island that was surveyed. The distribution of this plastic was categorized by site type and b...

Anand S Tegginamani, and Rajendra Prasad, and Rekha V Kumar

Objective: Odontogenic tumors are lesions derived from epithelial, ectomesenchymal, and/or mesenchymal elements that still are, or have been, part of the tooth-forming apparatus. Approximately 80% of odontogenic tumors occur in the mandible, with a marked predilection for the posterior region, and are often associated with an unerupted tooth. The aim of this study was to determine whether cytokeratin (CK) 18 immunostaining decorated the follicular tissue removed at the time of prophylactic extra...

Júlio Guilherme da Costa Lima, and Sheila Maria Bretas Bittar Schulze, and Mateus Rosas Ribeiro, and Sandra de Brito Barreto

A mineralogia do solo constitui uma excelente ferramenta para o conhecimento e a avaliação da gênese do solo e do seu comportamento físico e químico, além de ser um dos parâmetros utilizados na distinção de classes do Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos e um indicativo da reserva potencial mineral de nutrientes para as plantas. Nesse contexto, este trabalho apresenta a caracterização mineralógica das frações cascalho, areia grossa e areia fina (sob lupa binocular e microscópio petrográf...

Sumit Kar, and Ajay Krishnan, and Neha Singh, and Ramji Singh, and Sachin Pawar

Background : Leprosy involves peripheral nerves sooner or later in the course of the disease leading to gross deformities and disabilities. Sadly, by the time it becomes clinically apparent, the nerve damage is already quite advanced. However, if the preclinical damage is detected early in the course of disease, it can be prevented to a large extent. Materials and Methods: We conducted an electrophysiological pilot study on 10 patients with clinically manifest leprosy, in the Dermatology Departm...

M. Sarnthein, and G. Bartoli, and M. Prange, and A. Schmittner, and B. Schneider, and M. Weinelt, and N. Andersen, and D. Garbe-Schönberg

A major tipping point of Earth&apos;s history occurred during the mid-Pliocene: the onset of major Northern-Hemisphere Glaciation (NHG) and of pronounced, Quaternary-style cycles of glacial-to-interglacial climates, that contrast with more uniform climates over most of the preceding Cenozoic and continue until today (Zachos et al., 2001). The severe deterioration of climate occurred in three steps between 3.2 Ma (warm MIS K3) and 2.7 Ma (glacial MIS G6/4) (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005). Various mode...

Andreas Schwirtz, and Harald Seeger

Andreas Schwirtz, Harald SeegerPharma Consult GmbH, Vienna, AustriaBackground: Adrenaline autoinjectors (AAIs) are prescribed to facilitate the intramuscular administration of adrenaline in patients diagnosed with life-threatening anaphylaxis. This pilot study investigated the injection and functional properties of two AAIs (deploying different delivery systems) under standard conditions, after dynamic and mechanical stresses, and in the presence of denim.Methods: The differences between a cartr...

Antônio Olinto Ávila-da-Silva, and Marcelo Ricardo Souza

O peixe-porco (<em>Balistes capriscus</em>) é um importante recurso pesqueiro no Estado de São Paulo. Para se avaliar sua captura foram analisados dados de 15.004 espécimes provenientes de 91 desembarques das frotas de arrasto duplo de portas médio, arrasto de parelha e cerco, realizados no período de abr./1997 a dez./2000. Também foram consideradas informações sobre a regulamentação da pesca e o ciclo de vida desta espécie. A análise do direcionamento revelou que a espécie é capturada como faun...

T. Bondo, and M. B. Enghoff, and H. Svensmark

In order to elucidate the effect of galactic cosmic rays on cloud formation, we investigate the optical response of marine aerosols to Forbush decreases – abrupt decreases in galactic cosmic rays – by means of modeling. We vary the nucleation rate of new aerosols, in a sectional coagulation and condensation model, according to changes in ionization by the Forbush decrease. From the resulting size distribution we then calculate the aerosol optical thickness and Angstrom exponent, for the waveleng...

Martha Böker-Torres, and Paulo Antunes Horta, and José Salles, and Luciane Ouriques, and Mutue Toyota Fujii, and Zenilda Bouzon

O trabalho a espécie Chondria curvilineata é escrita pela primeira vez para o litoral brasileiro a. O material foi coletado no sublitoral da Lagoa da Conceição, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. É apresentada uma descrição detalhada da morfologia e reprodução, discutindo e comparando as características diagnósticas da referida espécie com as demais espécies descritas para o Brasil e para outras partes do mundo.<br>Here the species Chondria curvilineata is described for the first time to the Brazili...

A. Al-Thobaiti, and K. Al-Ghanim, and Z. Ahmed, and E. M. Suliman, and S. Mahboob

Abstract The present study aimed to assess the appropriate level of replacement of fish meal (FM) with alternative plant sources in the feed fed to Oreochromis niloticus to evaluate the growth performance. Three isoproteinious (40% crude protein) diets were prepared from different ingredients viz., fish meal, corn gluten meal, wheat gluten meal, and bagasse kenna meal. O. niloticus showed a maximum increase in weight as 9.70, 11.09, 8.53 and 8.32 g during the 2nd, 2nd, 3rd and 2nd fortnight with...

Stefan Kessler

If it is to live up to its own values, the EU needs to step up search and rescue operations in the Mediterranean and open up legal means for access to protection in Europe in order to avoid the need for risky journeys across the Mediterranean.

FPP. Leite, and MO. Tanaka, and RS. Gebara

The presence of diverse biological substrates adds complexity to coastal landscapes and increases the number of ecological niches that can be used by the mobile epifauna. Studies on the influence of structural complexity have focused mainly on algal host species, but there is little information about the influence of intraspecific structural variation on the associated mobile epifauna. In this work, we examined whether intraspecific variation in the brown alga Sargassum cymosum influenced the st...

Raibulov S. P. , and Shokina Yu. V., and Dunetc V. V. , and Ostarkova P. A.

The paper presents the results of justifying the use of thorny skate in the technology of minced meat canned products of special purpose. The key criterion determined the specialized purpose of canned food is the high content of physiologically functional food ingredient of chondroitin sulfate in the cartilage of thorny skate wings. The high content of chondroitin sulfate in raw materials ensures that the content of the physiologically functional ingredient in the finished canned food will be at...

Khatri N, and Marziali E, and Tchernikov I, and Shepherd N

Nasreen Khatri, Elsa Marziali, Illia Tchernikov, Nancy ShepherdRotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON, CanadaBackground: The primary objective of this pilot study was to demonstrate reliable adherence to a group cognitive behavioral (CBT) therapy protocol when delivered using on-line video conferencing as compared with face-to-face delivery of group CBT. A secondary aim was to show comparability of changes in subject depression inventory scores between on-line and face-to-face delivery of group ...

Kornijów Ryszard, and Drgas Aleksander, and Pawlikowski Krzysztof

The presented system of experimental trays permits conducting field experiments at considerable depths, all year round, and with no application of diving techniques. The deployed set can be entirely hidden under water, which is an advantage in crowded areas. The set is composed of single units, each composed of a tray filled with a substrate, four-legged bridles, and a hanging rope with a removable marker float fixed on top by means of a carabiner clip. The float provides information on the loca...

A. S. Rolon, and R. S. Godoy, and L. Maltchik

Abstract Recent studies indicate that rice fields contribute to the conservation of aquatic plants, however, repeated cultivation can reduce the species diversity harbored by rice fields. Repeated tillage, agrochemical application and environmental homogeneity can reduce plant diversity and select for species more tolerant to disturbance. Our hypotheses were: 1) macrophyte richness and biomass decrease with increased rice crop age; and 2) macrophyte species of rice fields are a subsample of natu...

GT Jerônimo, and SB Pádua, and D Bampi, and ELT Gonçalves, and P Garcia, and MM Ishikawa, and ML Martins

Monogeneans are the parasites mostly found on the body surface and gills of fish and can cause large losses in farmed fish. Some studies demonstrate elevated parasitic levels causing hematological alterations. But few of them relate the effects of parasitism on the hematology and histopathology of native freshwater farmed fish. This study evaluated the host-parasite relationship in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) parasitized by the monogenean Anacanthorus penilabiatus. Hematological and parasitol...

Shamyr Sulyvan Castro, and Michael Rowe, and Luana Foroni Andrade, and Eliana Goldfarb Cyrino

This is a two-phase study, the first was a literature review that aimed to identify a set of competencies for professional practice that would be relevant for the health care of People with disabilities (PwD). These competencies were then used to plan a thirty-hour multidisciplinary course for undergraduate health care students. The educational intervention led to improvements in the students’ learning experiences, including the development of empathy and knowledge related to the care of PwD, im...

HACHIRO JORGE, and GIANNINI PAULO C.F., and KINJO RENATA N.

Sérgio Mattos Fonseca, and José Augusto Drummond

Propõe-se que os valores de uso de recursos naturais identificados devem ser complementados por investigações sobre a importância que os cidadãos comuns atribuem aos ecossistemas. Isso implica em computar o valor de existência, que inclui componentes subjetivos da cultura. Aplicando o Método de Valoração Contingente (MVC) e agregando a ele o componente do trabalho voluntário, o texto estima o valor de existência de um ecossistema, comparando a Disposição a Pagar (DAP) com a Disposição ao Trabalh...

Andreya K Oliveira, and Maria de Fatima B Coelho, and Sandra Sely S Maia, and Francisco EP Diógenes, and Sebastião Medeiros Filho

O mulungu (Erythrina velutina) é uma árvore de crescimento rápido, com propriedades medicinais. O objetivo no presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito alelopático do extrato aquoso de sementes, flores e cascas de mulungu na germinação e desenvolvimento de plântulas de alface cv. Mônica SF FI. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos &#91;extrato de sementes a 100°C, extrato de sementes a 25°C, extrato de cascas a 100°C, extrato de cascas a 25°C, extra...

J. R. Goff, and E. Lane, and J. Arnold

An examination of the coastal geomorphology of bays along the Otago coastline, SE New Zealand, has identified a geomorphology consistent with tsunami inundation. A tsunami geomorphology consisting of a number of elements including dune pedestals, hummocky topography, parabolic dune systems, and post-tsunami features resulting from changes to the nearshore sediment budget is discussed. The most prominent features at Blueskin Bay are eroded pedestals although it is speculated that hummocky topogra...

J. Tavares-Neto, and D. Almeida, and M. C. Soares, and R. Uchoa, and S. Viana, and R. Darub, and E. Farias, and G. Rocha, and L. Vitvitski, and R. Paraná

In 1999, on the occasion of the application of the first vaccine dose during the state vaccination campaign against hepatitis B virus (HBV), 390 individuals from the town of Rio Branco, Acre, aged two or more years were selected for the determination of the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV. HBV markers (HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc IgG) were determined on this occasion and anti-HBs antibodies were also assessed 30 days after the third vaccine dose. At the time of vaccination, 39% of the individual...

P. Willroth, and F. Massmann, and R. Wehrhahn, and J. Revilla Diez

The tsunami of December 2004 impacted large areas of Thailand's coastline and caused severe human and economic losses. The recovery period revealed differences in the vulnerabilities of communities affected. An understanding of the causal factors of vulnerability is crucial for minimising the negative effects of future threats and developing adaptive capacities. This paper analyses the vulnerabilities and the development of adaptation strategies in the booming tourist area of Khao Lak and in the...

LIDIA A. KUHN, and PAULO A. SOUZA, and RODRIGO R. CANCELLI, and WAGNER G. SILVA, and RENATO B. MACEDO

ABSTRACT This paper presents a paleoenvironmental reconstruction from palynological analyses of a sedimentary core of Holocene age, drilled at municipality of Garopaba (Santa Catarina), Southern Brazil. A total of 46 samples was collected for palynological analyses in the 450 cm-long core PCSC-3, as also three samples for radiocarbon dating and granulometric analyses. The palynological content includes 84 taxa related to pollen grains of angiosperms (38) and gimnosperm (3), spores of pteridophyt...

Amrita Sujlana, and Ruchika Goyal, and Parampreet Pannu, and Shireen Opal, and Palki Bansal

Context: Oral health care for children with special needs remains largely unmet. It is important that we should focus on preventive strategies for special children to help curtail and prevent oral diseases. Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of visual pedagogy and probiotic mouth rinse on the periodontal health of hearing impaired children. Materials and Methodology: The study cohort consisted of twenty children with hearing impairment (HI) and 20 age-matched healthy children. The gingiv...

L. Perez, and F. García-Rodríguez, and T. J. J. Hanebuth

The continental shelf adjacent to the Río de la Plata (RdlP) exhibits extremely complex hydrographic and ecological characteristics which are of great socioeconomic importance. Since the long-term environmental variations related to the atmospheric (wind fields), hydrologic (freshwater plume), and oceanographic (currents and fronts) regimes are little known, the aim of this study is to reconstruct the changes in the terrigenous input into the inner continental shelf during the late Holocene peri...

Ridhima Birmani Gaunkar, and Amita Kenkre Kamat, and B Puttaswamy, and Amit Kumar

Introduction: Oral health is an integral part of overall health. Very little information is available on the status of dental caries status of children in Goa state. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the dental caries status and treatment needs of government primary school children in Goa. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted among 6–12 years old government primary school children using the WHO survey methodology 1997. Multistage probability cluster ...

William G. R. Crampton

The discus fishes of the genus Symphysodon are popular ornamental cichlids that occur in floodplain lakes and flooded forests of the lowland Amazon Basin. These habitats are characterized by extreme seasonal fluctuations in the availability of food, shelter and dissolved oxygen, and also the densities of predators and parasites. Most aspects of discus biology are influenced by these fluctuating conditions. This paper reports an autoecological study of the western Amazonian discus S. haraldi (unt...

C. E. Bemvenuti, and L. G. Angonesi, and M. S. Gandra

An evaluation was made of the effects of dredging on the soft bottom community in the channel of the Rio Grande harbor in the Patos Lagoon estuarine region of southern Brazil. During four seasonal cruises, samples were collected from nine biological stations, one of which was located outside the dredged area. Three macrobenthic samples were collected on each cruise from each station, using a 0.08 m² van Veen grab. A cluster analysis was applied to group summer and autumn cruise stations before t...

Tapp LR, and Signorile JF

Lauren R Tapp,1,3 Joseph F Signorile1,2,41Departments of Kinesiology and Sport Sciences, Coral Gables, 2Center on Aging, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 3Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 4Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Bruce W Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USAAbstract: The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effectiveness of whole body vibration (WBV) training as a modalit...

Jie Liang, and Penghui Zhang, and Jianwen Chen, and Jianming Gong, and Yong Yuan

In the South Yellow Sea Basin, Mesozoic–Paleozoic marine strata are generally well developed with large thickness, and they are characterized by multi-source and multi-stage hydrocarbon accumulation, providing a material basis for the formation of large-scale oil and gas fields. However, no substantial breakthrough has been made in this area. Based on previous research results, the complex tectonic pattern of this superimposed basin was formed by multi-stage tectonic movements and the favorable ...

Mei-Di Zheng, and Long Cao

Using the UVic Earth System Model, this study simulated the change of seawater chemistry and analyzed the chemical habitat surrounding shallow- and cold-water coral reefs from the year 1800 to 2300 employing RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5 scenarios. The model results showed that the global ocean will continue to absorb atmospheric CO2. Global mean surface ocean temperature will rise 1.1–2.8 K at the end of the 21st century across RCP scenarios. Meanwhile, the global mean surface ocean pH wil...

Nevin B. Avsar, and Shuanggen Jin, and Hakan Kutoglu, and Gokhan Gurbuz

Sea level change affects human living conditions, particularly ocean coasts. However, sea level change is still unclear along the Black Sea coast due to lack of in-situ measurements and low resolution satellite data. In this paper, sea level change along the Black Sea coast is investigated from joint satellite altimetry, tide gauge (TG) and Global Positioning System (GPS) observations. The linear trend and seasonal components of sea level change are estimated at 8 TG stations (Amasra, Igneada, T...

Jing Zhao, and Jie Cao, and Siquan Tian, and Yong Chen, and Shouyu Zhang, and Xijie Zhou

Understanding the dynamics and regulation of a particular ecological process requires monitoring of the process at appropriate spatial and temporal scales. Information collected at an inappropriate spatio-temporal scale may be insufficient for capturing spatio-temporal dynamics of fish populations and community. In this study, a Monte Carlo method was developed to evaluate the detectability performances of different sampling frequencies, sampling timings and sampling intensities on fish communit...

A. A. Chemagin

On the basis of recent hydroacoustic method with using “PanCor” computerized program-technological complex, research was conducted on the distribution of fish of different taxonomic groups in the water area of Irtysh, a large trans-border river on the bend (meander) with a vortex zone. A hydroacoustic complex allows one to conduct remote size-taxonomic identification of fish. It is demonstrated that on the examined area of the river, fish of different taxonomic groups and sizes concentrate in th...

Beth L. Mindel, and Francis C. Neat, and Clive N. Trueman, and Thomas J. Webb, and Julia L. Blanchard

Biodiversity is well studied in ecology and the concept has been developed to include traits of species, rather than solely taxonomy, to better reflect the functional diversity of a system. The deep sea provides a natural environmental gradient within which to study changes in different diversity metrics, but traits of deep-sea fish are not widely known, hampering the application of functional diversity to this globally important system. We used morphological traits to determine the functional r...

Magdy G. Samuel

Alexandria port is the main Egyptian port at the Mediterranean Sea. It is connected to the Nile River through Nubaria canal, which is a main irrigation canal. The canal was designed to irrigate eight hundred thousand acres of agricultural lands, along its course which extends 100 km. The canal has three barrages and four locks to control the flow and allow light navigation by some small barges. Recently, it was decided to improve the locks located on the canal. More than 40 million US$ was inve...

Blanca eFernández-López, and Daniel eRomaus-Sanjurjo, and Pablo eSenra-Martínez, and Ramón eAnadón, and Antón eBarreiro-Iglesias, and María Celina eRodicio

Despite the importance of doublecortin (DCX) for the development of the nervous system, its expression in the retina of most vertebrates is still unknown. The key phylogenetic position of lampreys, together with their complex life cycle, with a long blind larval stage and an active predator adult stage, makes them an interesting model to study retinal development. Here, we studied the spatiotemporal pattern of expression of DCX in the retina of the sea lamprey. In order to characterize the DCX e...

Judith Ullmann, and Michael Stachowitsch

A key issue in conservation biology is recognizing and bridging the gap between scientific results and specific action. We examine sea turtles—charismatic yet endangered flagship species—in the Mediterranean, a sea with historically high levels of exploitation and 22 coastal nations. We take sea turtle rescue facilities as a visible measure for implemented conservation action. Our study yielded 34 confirmed sea turtle rescue centers, 8 first-aid stations, and 7 informal rescue institutions curre...

Oliver Wurl, and Werner Ekau, and William M. Landing, and Christopher J. Zappa

The sea surface microlayer (SML) is the boundary interface between the atmosphere and ocean, covering about 70% of the Earth’s surface. With an operationally defined thickness between 1 and 1000 μm, the SML has physicochemical and biological properties that are measurably distinct from underlying waters. Recent studies now indicate that the SML covers the ocean to a significant extent, and evidence shows that it is an aggregate-enriched biofilm environment with distinct microbial communities. Be...

D. Joshua eParris, and Sangita eGanesh, and Virginia P Edgcomb, and Edward F. DeLong, and Frank eStewart

Molecular surveys are revealing diverse eukaryotic assemblages in oxygen-limited ocean waters. These communities may play pivotal ecological roles through autotrophy, feeding, and a wide range of symbiotic associations with prokaryotes. We used 18S rRNA gene sequencing to provide the first snapshot of pelagic microeukaryotic community structure in two cellular size fractions (0.2-1.6 µm, >1.6 µm) from seven depths through the anoxic oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) off northern Chile. Sequencing of ...