L. Kwiatkowski, and A. Yool, and J. I. Allen, and T. R. Anderson, and R. Barciela, and E. T. Buitenhuis, and M. Butenschön, and C. Enright, and P. R. Halloran, and C. Le Quéré, and L. de Mora, and M.-F. Racault, and B. Sinha, and I. J. Totterdell, and P. M. Cox

Ocean biogeochemistry (OBGC) models span a wide variety of complexities, including highly simplified nutrient-restoring schemes, nutrient–phytoplankton–zooplankton–detritus (NPZD) models that crudely represent the marine biota, models that represent a broader trophic structure by grouping organisms as plankton functional types (PFTs) based on their biogeochemical role (dynamic green ocean models) and ecosystem models that group organisms by ecological function and trait. OBGC models are now inte...

Jocemar Tomasino Mendonça, and Mario Katsuragawa

A pesca artesanal desenvolvida na região do Complexo Estuarino-lagunar de Cananéia-Iguape, litoral sul do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, é analisada quanto a embarcações, artes de pesca e produção pesqueira, com base em dados coletados no período de 1995 a 1996. A frota artesanal é pouco motorizada, composta por pequenos barcos de madeira e dividida em duas atividades: pesca nas proximidades da praia e pesca dentro do estuário. A primeira é dirigida à captura do camarão-sete-barbas (<em>Xiphopenae...

Katia Lumi Fukushima, and Roseane Maria Evangelista Oliveira, and Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo, and Taciene Carvalho Mesquita, and Tatiana Abreu Reis, and Maria Emília Sousa Gomes Pimenta, and Luis Felipe Freitas Fabrício

Broth cubes are packed spices highly prized for their low cost and for the flavor given to dishes, usually carbohydrate-based. The objective of this work was to establish compressed broth cubes, exploiting the nutritional characteristics of pirambeba (Serrasalmus brandtii) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), seeking a new product to the spice market, and contribute to a proper waste disposal of the fishing industry. A formulation of this pattern was prepared, where 30% was replaced by different...

DJAN ZANCHI-SILVA, and DIVA M. BORGES-NOJOSA, and CONRADO A.B. GALDINO

The reproductive ecology of Ameivula ocellifera was studied from September 2009 to August 2010 in a coastal area of the state of Ceará, Brazil. Females reproduced continuously throughout the year, with a peak at the end of the rainy season. Even though there was a predominance of pre-reproductive individuals in the sample, gonadal activity of males peaked synchronously to female reproduction. Mean clutch size was 1.98 ± 0.56 and positively associated with female body size, while mean egg volume ...

Rattaket Choeyklin, and Souwalak Phongpaichit, and Ittichai Chatmala, and Jariya Sakayaroj, and Apiradee Pilantanapak, and E.B. Gareth Jones

The marine fungal diversity of Thailand was investigated and 116 Ascomycota, 3 Basidiomycota, 28 anamorphic fungi, 7 Stramenopiles recorded, with 30 tentatively identified. These species have primarily been collected from driftwood and attached decayed wood of mangrove trees. The holotype number of 15 taxa is from Thailand and 33 are new records from the country.

KAVEH RAHMANIFARAH, and BAHAREH SHABANPOUR, and AMIR REZA SHAVIKLO, and MEHRAN AALAMI

Rahmanifarah K, Shabanpour B, Shaviklo AR, Aalami M. 2014. Leaching and heating process as alternative to produce fish protein powder from Kilka (Clupeonella cultiventris caspia). Nusantara Bioscience 6: 1-6. The effect of protein extraction procedures (leached mince and heated suspension) on selected properties of fish protein powder (proximate composition, pH, color, density, viscosity, fat adsorption, emulsifying capacity, emulsifying stability, foaming capacity, foaming stability, WBC, prote...

André C. Morandini, and Denise Ascher, and Sergio N. Stampar, and João Fernando V. Ferreira

As espécies de Cubozoa e Scyphozoa costeiras que ocorrem no Brasil são descritas, com base em espécimes de coleções de museus e exemplares recém-coletados. Chaves de identificação e um glossário também são apresentados. As espécies descritas são: Aurelia sp.; Cassiopea xamachana Bigelow, 1892; Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (Müller, 1859); Chrysaora lactea Eschscholtz, 1829; Drymonema dalmatinum Haeckel, 1880; Linuche unguiculata (Swartz, 1788); Lychnorhiza lucerna Haeckel, 1880; Nausithoe aurea Silve...

Soumia Peter, and Sandeep Chopra, and Jubbin J Jacob

Dyslipidemia and its consequences are emerging as epidemics with deleterious consequences on cardiovascular (CV) health. The beneficial effects of omega-3-fatty acids on cardiac and extra cardiac organs have been extensively studied in the last two decades, and continue to show great promise in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Omega-3-fatty acid supplementation has been proven to have beneficial action on lipid profile, cytokine cascade, oxidant-anti-oxidan...

Luis Fernando da Silva Rodrigues-Filho, and Tainá Carreira da Rocha, and Péricles Sena do Rêgo, and Horacio Schneider, and Iracilda Sampaio, and Marcelo Vallinoto

The ongoing decline in abundance and diversity of shark stocks, primarily due to uncontrolled fishery exploitation, is a worldwide problem. An additional problem for the development of conservation and management programmes is the identification of species diversity within a given area, given the morphological similarities among shark species, and the typical disembarkation of processed carcasses which are almost impossible to differentiate. The main aim of the present study was to identify thos...

Vernon E. Thatcher, and Luiza Paula C. Lopes, and Otavio Froehlich

Riggia acuticaudata sp. nov. is described on the basis of 10 female specimens recovered from the body cavity of the freshwater catfish, Ancistrus sp. The fish were caught in a stream called the Corrego Piraputanga, a tributary of the Paraguai River. The new species differs from the others in the genus by being smaller and less convex and by having a pleotelson that tapers abruptly rather than being the same width throughout. Also, the pereopods and dactyls are much smaller, the maxillule has two...

Fabiana Latorre, and Claudio F. Pérez, and Silvina Stutz, and Susana Pastorino

Estimations of airborne pollen loadings deposited in Tauber traps were studied in a coastal lagoon from south-eastern Pampa grasslands, Argentina, in order to assess their relationship with surface samples and to interpret the representativeness of local, regional and extraregional vegetation. Three different environments were considered: a coastal dune barrier with a psammophytic community, a salt marsh with a halophytic community in Mar Chiquita lagoon, and a freshwater community at Hinojales ...

Renata da Silva Ribeiro, and Dimitri Ramos Alves, and José Luis Luque

Foram examinados 93 espécimes de <em>Paralonchurus brasiliensis</em> (Steindachner, 1875), provenientes da Pedra de Guaratiba (23º01’S, 43º38’W) litoral do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. No período de setembro de 2001 até março de 2002, sendo necropsiados para estudo da sua comunidade de metazoários parasitos. Quinze espécies de parasitos foram coletadas. <em>Paralonchurus brasiliensis</em> é um novo registro de hospedeiro para 13 espécies de parasitos. Contracaecum sp. foi a espécie dominant...

Ehsan Ghobadian, and Reza Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, and Mahdi Naderi-Beni, and Hassan Javanshir

Cross docking is one of the most important issues in management of supply chains. In cross docking, different items delivered to a warehouse by inbound trucks are directly arranged and reorganized based on customer demands, routed and loaded into outbound trucks for delivery purposes to customers without virtually keeping them at the warehouse. If any item is kept in storage, it is normally for a short amount of time, say less than 24 hours. In this paper, we consider a special case of cross doc...

Soma VL, and Qin X, and Zhou C, and Adler A, and Berry JE, and Zerr DM

Vijaya L Soma1, Xuan Qin2, Chuan Zhou1, Amanda Adler1, Jessica E Berry2, Danielle M Zerr11Department of Pediatrics, 2Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USAAbstract: Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) is a topical antiseptic used in a myriad of clinical settings. Recently, CHG baths have been shown to decrease multidrug-resistant organism acquisition and infections and catheter-associated bloodstream infections. The present study examined the effects of daily bat...

P. Ortega, and M. Montoya, and F. González-Rouco, and H. Beltrami, and D. Swingedouw

Studies addressing climate variability during the last millennium generally focus on variables with a direct influence on climate variability, like the fast thermal response to varying radiative forcing, or the large-scale changes in atmospheric dynamics (e.g. North Atlantic Oscillation). The ocean responds to these variations by slowly integrating in depth the upper heat flux changes, thus producing a delayed influence on ocean heat content (OHC) that can later impact low frequency SST (sea sur...

E. A. Hernández, and W. P. Mac Cormack

Se estudió el efecto de la radiación ultravioleta (RUV) sobre dos cepas bacterianas marinas antárticas (UVps y UVvi) en la columna de agua de la caleta Potter (Shetland del Sur, Antártida). Frascos de cuarzo con las cepas en estudio fueron expuestos a la radiación solar en superficie, a 1 m y a 3 m de profundidad. Se realizaron ensayos con exposición directa y con filtros interferenciales que discriminaron la radiación UVA y la UVB. En otros ensayos se simuló una mezcla vertical de 4 m/h. Ambas ...

José Cruz Bojorges-Baños

Se documentó la riqueza y diversidad avifaunística mediante capturas y conteos en las lagunas de Chacahua, Manialtepec y La Ventanilla. La diversidad de Shannon-Wiener se comparó mediante pruebas t de Hutcheson y la similitud de la riqueza avifaunística y se determinaron diferencias entre la abundancia de especies. Se generaron curvas de acumulación de especies y se estimó la riqueza con el indicador de cobertura basado en frecuencia. Se registraron 17 órdenes, 39 familias y 94 especies: 69 resi...

Nongyao Kasatpibal,&amp;nbsp;Mette N&amp;oslash;rgaard, and Silom Jamulitrat

Nongyao Kasatpibal1, Mette N&amp;oslash;rgaard2, Silom Jamulitrat3, For The Surgical Site Infection Study Group1Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; 2Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University hospital, Aalborg and Aarhus, Denmark; 3Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, ThailandBackground: Surveillance of surgical site infections (SSI) provides data upon which interventions to improve patient safety ...

Joana Cortez, and Edite Rosário, and João E. Pires, and João Taborda Lopes, and Moisés Francisco, and Erika Vlieghe, and Miguel Brito

Background: Antimicrobials are drugs that were once lifesavers and mainly curative. Nowadays their value is increasingly under pressure because of the rapid and worldwide emergence of antimicrobial resistance, which, in low-resource settings, frequently occurs in microorganisms that are likely to be transmitted in the community. Methods: This was a cross-sectional pilot study including 102 households within the 10th Health and Demographic Surveillance System round in Dande, Bengo Province, Angol...

Răzvan G.Voicu, and Kelly N. Miles

To improve fish migration and restore local lotic ecosystems, it is necessary to consider the various current hydro-construction methods. There have been partial successes in systems that improve fish passage over various obstacles but new approaches that present more efficient solutions and international collaboration among specialists are required. This article deals with European themes of great interest; issues related to interruption of longitudinal connectivity in heavily modified water co...

Shumanova M.V. , and Fatykhov Yu.A., and Shumanov V.A.

The process fish salting has been studied by the method of photon correlation spectroscopy; the distribution of salt concentration in the solution and herring flesh with skin has been found, diffusion coefficients and salt concentrations used for creating a mathematical model of the salting technology have been worked out; the possibility of determination by this method the coefficient of dynamic viscosity of solutions and different media (minced meat etc.) has been considered

Jing-yan Gao, and Xue-jing Wang, and Yan Zhang, and Hai-long Li

Daya Bay, a semi-enclosed bay in the South China Sea, is well known for its aquaculture, agriculture, and tourism. In recent years, many environmental problems have emerged, such as the frequent (almost yearly) occurrence of harmful algal blooms and red tides. Therefore, investigations of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and associated nutrient inputs to this bay have important theoretical and practical significance to the protection of the ecological system. Such a study was conducted usin...

Franco Biagi, and Paolo Sartor, and Gian Domenico Ardizzone, and Paola Belcari, and Andrea Belluscio, and Fabrizio Serena

A four-year time series (1994-1997) of groundfish trawl surveys performed within the European Union Project MEDITS (Mediterranean International Trawl Surveys), was analysed to identify and describe the fish assemblages along the continental shelf and slope of Tuscany and Latium (Italy), in the north-western Mediterranean. Cluster analysis was used to group samples with similar species composition in terms of abundance, biomass and frequency of occurrence. Results allowed the identification of fo...

Madihah Jafar-Sidik, and Francis Gohin, and David Bowers, and John Howarth, and Tom Hull

From a data set of observations of Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) concentration, Turbidity in Formazin Turbidity Unit (FTU) and fluorescence-derived chlorophyll-a at a mooring station in Liverpool Bay, in the Irish Sea, we investigate the seasonal variation of the SPM:Turbidity ratio. This ratio changes from a value of around 1 in winter (minimum in January–February) to 2 in summer (maximum in May–June). This seasonal change can be understood in terms of the cycle of turbulence and of the ph...

Evelyn Pinkerton, and Eric Angel, and Neil Ladell, and Percy Williams, and Midori Nicolson, and Joy Thorkelson, and Henry Clifton

Aboriginal and nonaboriginal fishing-dependent communities on the coast of British Columbia, Canada, having lost traditional fisheries management institutions along with significant fishing opportunity, are in the process of rebuilding local and regional institutions to allow their survival. Sometimes, the rebuilding effort involves the creation of largely new institutions. It can also involve the reactivation, reinvention, or repositioning of older ones. We consider the aspirations, strategies,...

Stylianos Somarakis, and Stamatina Isari, and Athanassios Machias

Patterns in the mesoscale distribution of larval fish in the coastal waters of central Greece, an area of high topographic and bathymetric complexity, were analysed using samples collected during two ichthyoplankton surveys in July 1998 and June 1999. Salinities were lower in the eastern (Aegean) part of the study area due to the influence of waters originating from the Black Sea. In this region, larvae of many epipelagic and benthopelagic (typically summer spawning) species were less abundant i...

Hector Andrade, and Jean-Charles Massabuau, and Jean-Charles Massabuau, and Sabine Cochrane, and Damien Tran, and Damien Tran, and Pierre Ciret, and Pierre Ciret, and Mohamedou Sow, and Mohamedou Sow, and Lionel Camus

Marine ecosystems all over the globe are facing multiple simultaneous stressors including rapid climatic change and increased resource exploitation, such as fishing, petroleum exploration and shipping. The EU-funded DEVOTES project (DEVelopment Of innovative Tools for understanding marine biodiversity and assessing good Environmental Status) aims to better understand the relationships between pressures from human activities and climatic influences and their effects on marine ecosystems. To achie...

João Pedro Valadas da Silva Monteiro, and Paulo Alexandre Neto, and Maria Teresa Noronha

The Algarve region has always showed a close relationship with the sea as a result of its excellent natural conditions, historical and cultural reasons, and notorious know-how related with traditional maritime activities, such as fisheries and fish processing, and naval industry; more recently, nautical activities, such as tourism and recreational boating, have been gaining increased importance. The region is also well infrastructured in terms of public R&D institutions which are important corne...

Yoko Wakabara, and Airton S Tararam, and Maurea N Flynn

The aim of this study was to establish the importance of the macrofauna as food for young fish species that inhabit the infralittoral adjacent to the lower marsh. The sampling site is located at Arrozal, Cananéia lagoon estuarine region (25º02'S and 47º56'W) and the collectings were realized monthly, during a year. The results suggest that the studied area could be considered as a nursery ground for young fish species. The local macrofauna is composed mainly by several groups of crustaceans and ...

Fabrício Barreto Teresa, and Lilian Casatti, and Marcus Vinicius Cianciaruso

We tested the hypothesis that streams in deforested areas shelter different fish communities to nearby forested areas, and that these disparities are due to environmental parameters that limit or benefit different species according to their functional traits. We compared the community composition of three south east Brazilian streams flanked by riparian forest with three nearby streams in deforested areas. The following functional traits were considered: diet, habitat use, water flow preference,...

Yzel Rondon Súarez, and Marcelo Maldonado de Souza, and Fabiane Silva Ferreira, and Maiane Jardim Pereira, and Ediléia Amancio da Silva, and Lidiani Queli Lubas Ximenes, and Luciana Gonçalves de Azevedo, and Olemar Cáceres Martins, and Sidnei Eduardo Lima Júnior

AIM: The present study analyzed the spatial variation in fish species richness and composition in streams of the Ivinhema River basin, Upper Paraná basin, determining the relationship between local and regional descriptors of the fish assemblage organization; METHOD: From 2001 to 2011 we sampled 200 stream stretches, using different sampling methods. Local species richness and composition were analyzed using univariate and multivariate methods to detect patterns of variation in the fish assembla...

Pissamai Powedchagun, and Hideyuki Suzuki, and Sirirat Rengpipat

Bacillus S11 (BS11), a Gram-positive spore forming bacteria, was identified as Bacillus subtilis, based on biochemicaltests, physical morphology, and 16S rRNA gene sequence. BS11 was found to be safe as probiotic for shrimp because it doesnot produce either detectable antimicrobial substance or enterotoxin. A potential specific markers of BS11 by RAPD-PCR wasindicated using UBC459 primer (5'-GCGTCGAGGG -3') and the sequence of the major band, a size of 0.4 kb fragment, is similarto the gene enco...

Zandersons Janis, and Zhurinsh Aivars, and Dobele Galina, and Spince Baiba, and Tardenaka Ausma, and Rizhikovs Janis

The release of arsenic during pyrolysis of CCA(chromated copper arsenate)-treated wood starts at a temperature below 327 °C, but up to 600 °C only 30-40% of the arsenic initially present in the wood is volatilised. The changes of heating rate, wood moisture, degree of the comminution and methods of pyrolysis (fixed bed or mechanically pushed and loosened bulk of chips) do not substantially change the situation. The release of arsenic can be eliminated or strongly reduced by use of carbonisation ...

Background: Realization of supply chains management paradigm, covering significantly more volumes of logistic space, logically leads to complication of logistic systems, which, in its turn, arises significant number of problems of both theoretical and practical character. In our opinion, not all the aspects of logistic systems design and their sustainable functioning have received by the present time corresponding coverage in scientific literature. More detailed consideration requires specific p...

Leonardo Soares Bastos, and Raquel de Vasconcellos Carvalhaes de Oliveira, and Luciane de Souza Velasque

<p>In the last decades, the use of the epidemiological prevalence ratio (PR) instead of the odds ratio has been debated as a measure of association in cross-sectional studies. This article addresses the main difficulties in the use of statistical models for the calculation of PR: convergence problems, availability of tools and inappropriate assumptions. We implement the direct approach to estimate the PR from binary regression models based on two methods proposed by Wilcosky & Chambless and comp...

Sandra Cristina Pillon, and Natália Priolli Jora, and Gisela Pereira Amorim, and Josélia Benedita Carneiro Domingos, and Ronildo Alves dos Santos

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o padrão de consumo do tabaco em clientes de um serviço especializado no tratamento da dependência de substâncias psicoativas. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de abordagem quantitativa realizado, em 2009, em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas, situado no interior do Estado de São Paulo-SP. Aplicou-se um questionário contendo informações sociodemográficas e o teste de Fargeström em 48 usuários atendidos, em um único dia, nesse serviço. RESULTADOS: A amos...

GARDEBOIS A.

A. Bandy, and B. Blomquist, and D. H. Lenschow, and G. H. Miller, and I. Faloona, and S. A. Conley

Fourteen research flights were conducted with the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) C-130 near Christmas Island (2&amp;deg; N, 157&amp;deg; W) during the summer of 2007 as part of the Pacific Atmospheric Sulfur Experiment (PASE). In order to tightly constrain the scalar budget of DMS, vertical eddy fluxes were measured at various levels in the marine boundary layer (MBL) from ~30 m to the top of the mixed layer (~500 m) providing improved accuracy of the flux divergence calculation...

E. ROLÁN-ALVAREZ, M.SAURA, A. P. DIZ, M. J. RIVAS, M. ALVAREZ, B. Cortés, A. de COO, D. ESTÉVEZ, L. IGLESIAS

Littorina fabalis is an intertidal snail commonly living on the brown algae Fucus vesiculosus and showing frequent shell-color polymorphisms in the wild. The evolutionary mechanism underlying this polymorphism is currently unknown. Shell color variation was studied in mated and non-mated specimens of this species from different microareas in one locality from NW Spain, in order to estimate sexual selection and assortative mating that may (still) be operating in this population. The analyses acro...

KDG. Luz-Agostinho, and AA. Agostinho, and LC. Gomes, and HF. Júlio-Jr., and R. Fugi

Flood pulses affect floodplain enrichment via the incorporation of nutrients and terrestrial biomass. As a result, they positively affect the body condition of aquatic organisms. This paper evaluates whether the absence of floods (resulting from dam control) affects the feeding activity and body condition of piscivorous fish. In addition, whether piscivores respond similarly to alterations in the flooding regime was assessed. Five piscivorous species were selected (Acestrorhynchus lacustris, Hop...

Bruno Rodrigo Simão, and Luis Otavio Brito, and Alex Sandro Campos Maia, and Laizy Cabral Miranda, and Celicina Maria da Silveira Borges Azevedo

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of Pacific marine shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), in a polyculture in tanks subjected to different stocking densities and feeding strategies, in comparison with monoculture. Two experiments were performed, at the same time, in a completely randomized design with three treatments and four replicates each. Treatments for experiment I were: monoculture with 10 shrimp per m² (10S:0T); polyculture with 10 sh...

Mauricio O Moura, and Marcelo O Bordignon, and Gustavo Graciolli

Patterns of parasite abundance and prevalence are thought to be influenced by several host characteristics such as size, sex, developmental stage, and seasonality. We examined two obligatory ectoparasites of the bat Noctilio leporinus (L.) (Chiroptera, Noctilionidae) to test whether prevalence and abundance of Noctiliostrebla aitkeni Wenzel and Paradyschiria fusca Speiser (Diptera, Streblidae) are influenced by the host characteristics. During this survey, 2110 flies were collected. The total ab...

Margarita Antonia Villar Luis, and Ana Carolina Fuza Lunetta, and Paulo Sérgio Ferreira

OBJECTIVES: This work speaks of a pilot test administered in four public services with emergency care (one at a hospital and three at community clinics) in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, to test an assessment protocol for Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome. Involved were auxiliaries, technicians and soon-to-be-nurses. The object was to evaluate the protocol´s potential as a guide to nursing care, and to test whether it was adequate in terms of comprehension and applicability. METHODS: A protoco...

E. T. Mendoza, and J. A. Jimenez, and J. Mateo

A 5-class intensity scale for wave storms in the Catalan coast is presented. This has been done by analysing a storm data set which comprises 5 buoys during the period 1988/2008. The obtained classification improves the former proposal of Mendoza and Jiménez (2008) by better resolving spatial and temporal variability in wave storms in the area. The obtained classification reflects the increase in wave storm properties as the storm category increases. Because the selected classification parameter...

M Casas-Valdez, and H Hernández-Contreras, and A Marín-Álvarez, and R.N Aguila-Ramírez, and C.J Hernández-Guerrero, and I Sánchez-Rodríguez, and S Carrillo-Domínguez

Se estudió el valor nutricional de varias algas del género Sargassum. Veinte cabras hembras (Nubia) en crecimiento (43 semanas)se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en dos grupos de 10 cabras y se alojaron en corraletas individuales. Un grupo fue alimentado con una dieta testigo elaborada con insumos regionales y el otro con una dieta que incluyó el 25% de Sargassum spp. Durante 60 días se midieron diariamente y en forma individual, el alimento y agua consumidos, el peso corporal se cuantificó cada 15...

Mário L Orsi, and Ângelo A Agostinho

<abstract language="eng">Species composition and abundance of fishes that escaped from aquaculture facilities during catastrophic flooding in the Paranapanema and Tibagi rivers, in January, 1997 was estimated. In all , 1,292,000 adult individuais belonging to 11 species and 1 hybrid, were introduced into these rivers; only one species was native. The disaster is attributed to the illegal occupation of the river banks, and the non observance of standard measures designed to avoid escapement.

Ernesto Guarda

Aseer Manilal, and Sugathan Sujith, and Balu Sabarathnam, and George Seghal Kiran, and Joseph Selvin, and Chippu Shakir, and Aaron Premnath LIPTON

Among the diverse variety of red algae, Asparagopsis taxiformis constitutes one of the abundant biomass in the Kollam coast (Southwest coast of India). Therefore, in the present study, A. taxiformis was collected, extracted and fractionated using column chromatography. The individual fractions were evaluated in vitro for their antifouling, anticyanobacterial, piscicidal and crustaceans toxicity assays. The fraction eluted with 2:8, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate exhibited strong and broad spe...

X.-F. Huang, and J. Z. Yu

Elemental carbon (EC), as one of the primary light-absorbing components in the atmosphere, has a significant impact on both regional and global climate. The environmental impacts of EC are strongly dependent on its particle size. Little is known about the size distribution characteristics of EC particles in China&apos;s ambient environments. We report size distributions of EC particles in the urban area of Shenzhen in Southern China. In our samples, EC was consistently found in two modes, a fine...

Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh, and Lida Sharifi-Rad, and Seyedsaeid Dianat

PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of transcutaneous functional electrical stimulation (FES) on voiding symptoms in children with myelomeningocele (MMC) suffering from neuropathic urinary incontinence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six girls and 6 boys with moderate to severe urinary incontinence secondary to MMC were included. Median age of children was 5.04 (range: 3-11) years. They underwent a urodynamic study (UDS) before and 3 months after FES with special attention to detrusor leak point pressu...