M. De Dominicis, and N. Pinardi, and G. Zodiatis, and R. Lardner

The processes of transport, diffusion and transformation of surface oil in seawater can be simulated using a Lagrangian model formalism coupled with Eulerian circulation models. This paper describes the formalism and the conceptual assumptions of a Lagrangian marine surface oil slick numerical model and rewrites the constitutive equations in a modern mathematical framework. The Lagrangian numerical representation of the oil slick requires three different state variables: the slick, the particle ...

N. Vedachalam, and A. Umapathy, and G.A. Ramadass

Inverters play a key role in realizing reliable multi-megawatt power electronic converters used in offshore applications, as their failure leads to production losses and impairs safety. The performance of high power handing semiconductor devices with high speed control capabilities and redundant configurations helps in realizing a fault-tolerant design. This paper describes the reliability modeling done for an industry standard, 3-level neutral point clamped multi-megawatt inverter, the signific...

A. G. Samaras, and Th. V. Karambas, and R. Archetti

In the present work, an advanced tsunami generation, propagation and coastal inundation 2-DH model (i.e. 2-D Horizontal model) based on the higher-order Boussinesq equations – developed by the authors – is applied to simulate representative earthquake-induced tsunami scenarios in the Eastern Mediterranean. Two areas of interest were selected after evaluating tsunamigenic zones and possible sources in the region: one at the southwest of the island of Crete in Greece and one at the east of the isl...

Michael eSchaefer, and Franziska eRumpel, and Abdolkarim eSadrieh, and Martin eReimann, and Claudia eDenke

Numerous studies explore consumer perception of brands in a more or less passive way. This may still be representative for many situations or decisions we make each day. Nevertheless, sometimes we often actively search for and use information to make informed and reasoned choices, thus implying a rational and thinking consumer. Researchers suggested describing this distinction as low relative to high involvement consumer behavior. Although the involvement concept has been widely used to explain ...

Joao Vieira

Anthropogenic impacts as environmental degradation and fisheries have been historically associated with changes in structure and dynamics of fish assemblages. A fundamental requisite to evaluate such man-induced changes on fish assemblages is the analysis of long-term time series that allow factoring out inter-annual and decadal natural variations in physical and biotic factors. Based on a standardized monthly long-term database (1997-2012) of experimental fish collections at shallow waters of e...

Jesús Ángel de León-González, and Victoria Díaz Castañeda

This study analyses species in the family Eunicidae obtained in the intertidal zones of Veracruz, Mexico. The specimens collected were associated with a sabellariid Phragmatopoma caudata Morch, 1863, and collected directly by scuba diving from some coral reefs in Veracruz. Twelve species were found, six of whish are reported for the first time in the area: Eunice mutilata Webster, 1884, Eunice panamena (Chamberlin, 1919), Eunice pellucida Kinberg, 1865, Eunice unifrons (Verrill, 1900), Marphysa ...

Yong Ji, and Guang-hua Lu, and Chao Wang, and Jie Zhang

The freshwater fish Carassius auratus was chosen as an experimental subject, and their hepatic biochemical responses to the medium-term exposure of Benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF) alone and in combination with PCB118 and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) were investigated by measuring the reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), to assess sublethal effects. The hepatic GSH content was significantly inhibited by organic pollut...

Humayra Ferdous, and Tanvir Noor Baig, and Khondkar Siddique-e- Rabbani

<p>Focused Impedance Measurement (FIM) is a technique where impedance can be measured with the optimum level of localization without much increase in complexity of measuring instrument. The electrodes are applied on the skin surface but the organs inside also contributes to the measurement, as the body is a volume conductor. In a healthy and disease free lung region, the air enters at breathe-in increases the impedance of the lung and impedance reduces during breathe-out. In contrast, for a dise...

Juan Cruz Larrasoaña, and Juan Cruz Larrasoaña, and Qingsong eLiu, and Pengxiang eHu, and Andrew Philip Roberts, and Pilar eMata, and Jorge eCivis, and Francisco Javier Sierro, and José N Pérez-Asensio

Although recent studies have revealed more widespread occurrences of magnetofossils in pre-Quaternary sediments than has been previously reported, their significance for paleomagetic and paleoenvironmental studies is not fully understood. We present a paleo- and rock-magnetic study of late Miocene marine sediments recovered from the Guadalquivir Basin (SW Spain). Well-defined paleomagnetic directions provide a robust magnetostratigraphic chronology for the two studied sediment cores. Rock magnet...

Mikel Latasa, and Andrés Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, and Ana Mª Mª Cabello, and Renate Scharek

Ecological traits of phytoplankton are being incorporated into models to better understand the dynamics of marine ecosystems and to predict their response to global change. We have compared the distribution of major phytoplankton groups in two different systems: in surface waters of the NW Mediterranean during key ecological periods, and in the DCM (deep chlorophyll maximum) formed in summer in the temperate NE Atlantic. This comparison disentangled the influence of light and nutrients on the re...

Rodríguez-Gallego, Carmen, and Navarro, Teresa

The phenology of Mediterranean plant species has been extensively studied in different types of ecosystems. However, very little research has been conducted on dune ecosystems. The aim of this research is the phenological characterization and comparison among phenological patterns in three coastal dunes areas in S Spain. For this purpose, we apply the methodology proposed by Orshan (1989) and NLPCA phenological indexes. Our results show that seasonality of species from coastal dunes in S Spain f...

Sures B.

In recent years there has been an increasing number of papers showing how parasitism and pollution can interact with each other in aquatic organisms. Among the variety of investigated aspects especially the combined effects of pollution and simultaneous infection on the health of aquatic hosts (molluscs, crustaceans, fish, mammals) is of considerable interest. Effects of pollution on the occurrence and distribution of parasites is another interesting field of “Environmental Parasitology” attract...

Izeni Pires Farias, and Adam Leão, and Yane Santos Almeida, and Júlia Tovar Verba, and Marcelo Crossa M., and Alexandre Honczaryk, and Tomas Hrbek

Arapaima gigas is one of the largest freshwater fishes of the world. It is socially monogamous, forming pairs, constructing a nest and providing parental care. We performed a paternity analysis under three scenarios in captive, semi-natural and natural areas using 10 microsatellite markers. As a positive control, we analyzed three pairs and their offspring isolated individually in artificial breeding ponds (a priori very high probability of monogamy). We then analyzed two samples of offspring fr...

Md. Abdul Awal

E. M. Eskinazi-Sant'Anna

Fecal pellets produced by mesozooplanktonic copepods (Centropages velificatus and Paracalanus parvus) and macrozooplanktonic Euphausiacea (Euphausia sp.) were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Fragments of the protozoan Sticholonche zanclea were found in both copepod and in Euphausia sp. fecal pellets, even when the abundance of the protozoan in the water was low. The results suggest that S. zanclea is an important food resource for different trophic levels, including meso- and macroz...

Halil Şen

José Roberto Mariano, and Maristela Cavicchioli Makrakis, and Elaine Antoniassi Luiz Kashiwaqui, and Elaine Fernandes Celestino, and Sergio Makrakis

This study assessed differences in fish assemblages existing upstream and downstream two types of culverts, one on each of two different Neotropical streams. We analyzed the composition and structure of the ichthyofauna and tested for spatial patterns. Fish sampling was carried out monthly between November 2009 and October 2010 using different fishing gears. We collected 2,220 fish of 33 species; 901 in stretches of the Lopeí stream - circular culvert and 1,310 in stretches of the Pindorama stre...

Fatma Arık Çolakoğlu, and Hasan Basri Ormancı, and Aytaç Altın

Mauro Monteiro Correia, and José Paulo de Jesus, and Raul Feitosa, and Dário Augusto Oliveira

The authors thoroughly report the development, the technical aspects and the performance of the first navigated liver resections, by laparotomy and laparoscopy, in Brazil, done at the National Cancer Institute, Ministry of Health, using a surgical navigator.

Flávia Baduy, and Pedro Miguel Guerreiro, and Marta Vargas

Australoheros facetus is a highly social neotropical cichlid that is invasive in the Guadiana and Odelouca basins (Southern Portugal). Phenotypic plasticity is believed to be a key component for invasive success. However, its biology remains largely unknown. In this research we aimed to characterize the behaviour and hormone profiles (Testosterone (T), Estradiol (E), 11-keto-testosterone (11KT) and Cortisol) throughout the formation of stable social groups, a crucial step in the life-history of ...

Samuli Korpinen, and Jesper H. Andersen

Ever more extensive use of marine space by human activities and greater demands for marine natural resources has led to increases in both duration and spatial extent of pressures on the marine environment. In parallel, the global crisis of decreasing biodiversity and loss of habitats has revitalized scientific research on human impacts and lead to methodological development of cumulative pressure and impact assessments (CPIA). In Europe alone, almost twenty CPIAs have been published in the past ...

Z. Xu, and B. X. Hu, and M. Ye

Long-distance seawater intrusion has been widely observed through the subsurface conduit system in coastal karst aquifers as a source of groundwater contaminant. In this study, seawater intrusion in a dual-permeability karst aquifer with conduit networks is studied by the two-dimensional density-dependent flow and transport SEAWAT model. Local and global sensitivity analyses are used to evaluate the impacts of boundary conditions and hydrological characteristics on modeling seawater intrus...

Stacy Y. Zhang, and Kelly E. Speare, and Zachary T. Long, and Kimberly A. McKeever, and Megan Gyoerkoe, and Aaron P. Ramus, and Zach Mohorn, and Kelsey L. Akins, and Sarah M. Hambridge, and Nicholas A.J. Graham, and Kirsty L. Nash, and Elizabeth R. Selig, and John F. Bruno

More diverse communities are thought to be more stable—the diversity–stability hypothesis—due to increased resistance to and recovery from disturbances. For example, high diversity can make the presence of resilient or fast growing species and key facilitations among species more likely. How natural, geographic biodiversity patterns and changes in biodiversity due to human activities mediate community-level disturbance dynamics is largely unknown, especially in diverse systems. For example, few ...

L. H. van der Heijden, and N. A. Kamenos

The ongoing increase in anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions is changing the global marine environment and is causing warming and acidification of the oceans. Reduction of CO₂ to a sustainable level is required to avoid further marine change. Many studies investigate the potential of marine carbon sinks (e.g. seagrass) to mitigate anthropogenic emissions, however, information on storage by coralline algae and the beds they create is scant. Calcifying photosynthetic ...

Angela eKnapp

The dominant process adding nitrogen (N) to the ocean, di-nitrogen (N2) fixation, is mediated by prokaryotes (diazotrophs) sensitive to a variety of environmental factors. In particular, it is often assumed that consequential rates of marine N2 fixation do not occur where concentrations of nitrate (NO3-) and/or ammonium (NH4+) exceed 1 &#181;M because of the additional energetic cost associated with assimilating N2 gas relative to NO3- or NH4+. However, an examination of culturing studies and in...

Masoud Samian, and Heshmatollah Saadi, and Masoud Asadi, and Khalil Mirzaei, and Elham Ansari, and Esmaeil Ahmadihagh, and Ateieh Soleymani

The main purpose of this study was to determine the role of fishing cooperatives on the socio – economic development of and rural areas in the Bord Khun of Bushehr, Iran. This research, in terms of objective, was exploratory and in terms of data collection was descriptive (causal-comparative). The under study population were active fishing cooperatives of Bord Khun. To determine the validity of the questionnaire the content validity was used which was obtained through the views of teachers and s...

Nuno Mamede, and João Castro

Following the development of economic globalization, oceanic ports became important cores of economic activity and, therefore, potential sources of diffuse and chronic impacts on coastal ecosystems. Monitoring biological communities is a very important tool to assess these impacts. In a multi-environment monitoring programme of the oceanic port of Sines running for several years, the rocky subtidal macrobenthic community has been studied, including the fish community. Patterns of spatial and tem...

Daniel S. Brotto, and Werther Krohling, and Ilana R. Zalmon

One of the main issues regarding artificial reef fish evaluation is the performance of an efficient visual census sampling. An experimental artificial reef made of four different types of concrete modules was implanted on the north coast of Rio de Janeiro (21º29'S, 41º00W). Two interval-sampling periods using a visual census method were performed in the summer of 2003 (N = 6) and 2004 (N = 6), weekly and daily, respectively. The longer interval-sampling period showed twice of species with eight ...

J. Brandsma, and E. C. Hopmans, and C. J. M. Philippart, and M. J. W. Veldhuis, and S. Schouten, and J. S. Sinninghe Damsté

Temporal variations in the abundance and composition of intact polar lipids (IPLs) in North Sea coastal marine water were assessed over a one-year seasonal cycle, and compared with environmental parameters and the microbial community composition. Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) was the most abundant IPL class, followed by phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and diacylglyceryl-(<i>N,N,N</i>)-trimethylhomoserine (DGTS) in roughly equal concentrations, and smaller amounts of ph...

Gihan Ahmed El Shoubaky

Human activities on coasts and climate changes during the past ten years have given rise to considerable shoreline changes along the El Arish coast (the northern coast of the Sinai Peninsula). In the El Arish Power Plant, sediment accretion has reached the tip of the breakwaterof the cooling water intake basin, necessitating extensive dredging inside the basin. To the east of El Arish Harbour, the shoreline has been incontinuous retreat. The differences between the year 2000 and 2010 in the shor...

Răzvan Voicu, and Ecaterina Luca

The aim of this paper is based on the necessity of ensuring the longitudinal connectivity of rivers in order to establish sustainable means of solving current problems related to ensuring the migration of fish fauna, generated by building dams on watercourses. The main purpose is to suggest solutions to restore the longitudinal connectivity of the Jiu River and ensure the fish migration upstream / downstream of Isalnita Dam, in the context of the issues typical of this area. The water body “Işal...

G. A. Papadopoulos

A review of the interpretations given to large-scale seismic tomography anomalies in the Aegean area indicates a strong contradiction between these interpretations and the traditional ones based on seismic and tectonic data: 1) the tomographic lithospheric slab penetrates down to at least 400 km which doubles the maximum depth of the Benioff zone seismicity; 2) the resulting minimum time estimates for the subduction process duration at least doubles the seismotectonically calculated maximum time...

Jorge Ramos, and Miguel Tiago Oliveira, and Miguel N. Santos

In the Sal Island (Cape Verde) there is a growing involvement, will and investment in the creation of tourism synergies. However, much of the economic potential of the island can be found submerged in the sea: it is its intrinsic 'biodiversity'. Due to this fact, and in order to balance environmental safety and human pressure, it has been developed a strategy addressing both diving and fishing purposes. That strategy includes the deployment of several artificial reefs (ARs) around the island. In...

Aguinaldo Nepomuceno Marques Jr., and Mariana Coutinho Hennemann, and Dávia Talgatti, and José Carlos Simonassi

In the present study, seasonal variations of nutrient concentration and water quality of two coastal areas of Santa Catarina Island (SCI) were investigated from August 2006 to February 2008. Water samples were analyzed for temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, suspended particulate matter (SPM), chlorophyll-a, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) (nitrite + nitrate + ammonium), phosphate, silicate, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). The results showed that water temperature and ...

Ella Vázquez-Domínguez, and Angélica Hernández-Valdés, and Aliet Rojas-Santoyo, and Luis Zambrano

Given the seasonal nature of ecosystems such as permanent sinkholes ('cenotes') and temporary wetlands, their fish fauna experience yearly local extinction and colonization processes, with strong fluctuations in population size. We evaluated the genetic diversity, population genetic structure and degree of isolation of populations of Poecilia orri and Gambusia yucatana among and within wetlands and cenotes. We also assessed some abiotic characteristics of the water bodies and their potential rel...

Paloma Kachel Gusso-Choueri, and Rodrigo Brasil Choueri, and Ana Teresa Lombardi, and Eunice C Machado

The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of the fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) in Paranaguá Estuarine System (PES) as to infer about the contribution of allochthonous FDOM to the estuarine waters in relation to tidal condition and seasons. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used for such purpose and DOM characterization through fluorescence emission was performed using excitation wavelengths of &#955;ex 350 nm and &#955;ex 450 nm, the two main fluorescence groups known to be...

Farid Dahdouh-Guebas, and Jayatissa Loku Pulukkuttige

Using the Web of Science® database (Institute of Science Information – ISI, Philadelphia, PA, USA) we analysed pre- (1972-2004) and post-tsunami (2005) clues about the protective buffer offered by mangroves and other coastal vegetation in peer-reviewed ISI-rated scientific literature. Apart from providing a literature review on the above topic, this study reveals that papers dealing with or suggesting the protective function of mangroves have been well represented in scientific literature sinc...

H. Frigstad, and T. Andersen, and D. O. Hessen, and L.-J. Naustvoll, and T. M. Johnsen, and R. G. J. Bellerby

Seston is suspended particulate organic matter, comprising a mixture of autotrophic, heterotrophic and detrital material. Despite variable proportions of these components, marine seston often exhibits relatively small deviations from the Redfield ratio (C:N:P = 106:16:1). Two time-series from the Norwegian shelf in Skagerrak are used to identify drivers of the seasonal variation in seston elemental ratios. An ordination identified water mass characteristics and bloom dynamics as the most importa...

Geraldo Stocco, and Marcia Helena Baldani

Este estudo avaliou um programa-piloto desenvolvido na área de abrangência de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família, o qual monitorou, durante dois anos, o retorno periódico dos bebês para acompanhamento odontológico por meio de suas carteiras de vacina. Foi realizado um estudo exploratório, que envolveu uma amostra de conveniência de 123 crianças de 12 a 36 meses de idade residentes na área. Os dados foram coletados durante a Campanha de Vacinação, em 2007, por meio de questionário aplicado aos pais,...

Eliane A. H. Cavalcanti, and Sigrid Neumann-Leitão, and Dilma A. do N. Vieira

Estudos sobre o mesozooplâncton foram realizados no sistema estuarino de Barra das Jangadas, Pernambuco, Brasil (8º14'36"S, 34º56'28"W) visando analisar a estrutura da comunidade. As amostras foram obtidas com rede de plâncton, com malha de 300 µm, durante os períodos, seco (janeiro/2001) e chuvoso (julho/2001), nas marés de sizígia e de quadratura, em intervalos de três horas. Foram identificados 37 taxa, destacando-se Copepoda com as espécies Pseudodiaptomus acutus (F. Dahl, 1894), Pseudodiapt...

M. S. Long, and W. C. Keene, and D. J. Kieber, and D. J. Erickson, and H. Maring

A parameterization for the size- and composition-resolved production fluxes of nascent marine aerosol was developed from prior experimental observations and extrapolated to ambient conditions based on estimates of air entrainment by the breaking of wind-driven ocean waves. Production of particulate organic carbon (OC_aer) was parameterized based on Langmuir equilibrium-type association of organic matter to bubble plumes in seawater and resulting aerosol as constrained by measurements o...

S David, and J Sachithanandham, and J Jerobin, and S Parasuram, and R Kannangai

Purpose: The use of dried blood spots (DBS) for HIV-1 viral load determination could greatly enhance the management of HIV infected individuals in resource-limited countries. Objective: To compare the HIV-1 viral load values obtained between parallel collected plasma and DBS. Materials and Methods: DBS and plasma samples were collected from 62 HIV-1 infected individuals and were used for determination of HIV-1 RNA concentrations using the Abbot real-time HIV-1 PCR. Result: Mean of the log differ...

Q. Yang, and W. I. Gustafson Jr., and J. D. Fast, and H. Wang, and R. C. Easter, and H. Morrison, and Y.-N. Lee, and E. G. Chapman, and S. N. Spak, and M. A. Mena-Carrasco

This study assesses the ability of the recent chemistry version (v3.3) of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-Chem) model to simulate boundary layer structure, aerosols, stratocumulus clouds, and energy fluxes over the Southeast Pacific Ocean. Measurements from the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) and satellite retrievals (i.e., products from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES), ...

U. Riebesell, and J. Czerny, and K. von Bröckel, and T. Boxhammer, and J. Büdenbender, and M. Deckelnick, and M. Fischer, and D. Hoffmann, and S. A. Krug, and U. Lentz, and A. Ludwig, and R. Muche, and K. G. Schulz

One of the great challenges in ocean change research is to understand and forecast the effects of environmental changes on pelagic communities and the associated impacts on biogeochemical cycling. Mesocosms, experimental enclosures designed to approximate natural conditions, and in which environmental factors can be manipulated and closely monitored, provide a powerful tool to close the gap between small-scale laboratory experiments and observational and correlative approaches applied in field s...

D. E. Bar, and D. E. Bar, and Y. Agnon, and Y. Agnon

The Kirchhoff approximation is used to determine the sea state bias in radar altimetry. A weakly nonlinear model of the sea waves is used to derive the joint moments of two different points separated by a distance R; the bias moment is formulated, and found for power law spectra. The method provides a consistent analysis of the sea state bias and avoids the need to truncate the high frequency tail of power-law wave spectra. The model exhibits dependence of the &quot;electromagnetic bias&quot; on...

Paul J Novotny, and Denise J Smith, and Lorna Guse, and et al

Paul J Novotny1, Denise J Smith1, Lorna Guse2, Teresa A Rummans3, Lynn Hartmann4, Steven Alberts4, Richard Goldberg5, David Gregory6, Mary Johnson7, Jeff A Sloan11Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; 2Faculty of Nursing, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; 3Psychiatry, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; 4Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; 5Oncology Services, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; 6Faculty of Health Sciences Nursing...

firouz Fadaeifard

Aeromonas hydrophilia   is the etiologic agent of motile aeromonas septicaemia, one of the most important bacterial diseases of fresh and marine water fishes. The aim of the present study was detection of A. hydrophilia in the aquarium goldfish and cultured rainbow trout in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiary province.  In this study 50 goldfish from aquarium fish shops and 60 rainbow trouts suspected of having the disease from 6 farms (10 fish in each farm) were randomly collected. The average weight in g...

Mohammad Jalayer, and Huaguo Zhou, and Beijia Zhang

Based on past studies, exit ramp terminals are the common locations for drivers to enter a physically separated highway in the wrong direction. Currently, many drivers, especially nonlocal drivers, often rely on voice-guided navigation apps and Global Positioning System (GPS) devices to navigate their routes on and off freeways. A few studies have reported that GPS devices sometimes give drivers wrong information and cause wrong-way entry into a freeway, especially at some confusing interchanges...

Enis Hrustić, and Svjetlana Bobanović-Ćolić

In this study, we explored the impact of eutrophication and stratification on hypoxia in deep waters of moderately warm Croatian marine lakes. Although the Mljet Lakes (MLs) are predominantly oligotrophic, mesotrophic conditions are present at depths below 20 m in the Small Lake (SL) and below 30 m in the Big Lake (BL), along with higher apparent oxygen utilization (AOU). Hypoxia at depths ≥ 25 m in SL and and ≥ 40 m in BL was observed between October 2009 and January 2010, and in SL in summer (...

Bandar A. Al-Mur, and Andrew N. Quicksall, and Ahmed M.A. Al-Ansari

Jeddah is the most industrialized city on the west coast of Saudi Arabia and is under increasing influence of human activities. Heavy metals data were obtained from four near-coast Red Sea sediment cores in close proximity to Jeddah. Chromium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, and lead were analyzed from depth-resolved sections of each core via heavy acid digestion and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The average concentrations of all four sites were 245.96 mg kg−1, 478.45 mg ...