Amilcar Pérez-Rivero, and Alexander Piñon Ramos, and Luis Francisco Morier Díaz, and Belsy Acosta Herrera, and Olga Valdés Iglesias, and Gloria del Barrio Alonso

Introducción: los virus influenza constituyen importantes patógenos de humanos que anualmente causan alrededor de 500 000 muertes a nivel mundial. La emergencia de variantes virales resistentes a los fármacos antiinfluenza disponibles, motiva la búsqueda de nuevos antivirales. Los extractos obtenidos a partir de algas pueden ser empleados con esta finalidad, teniendo en cuenta la diversidad de metabolitos secundarios descritos en estos organismos. Objetivo: evaluar la actividad antiviral in vitr...

S. A. Henson, and J. L. Sarmiento, and J. P. Dunne, and L. Bopp, and I. Lima, and S. C. Doney, and J. John, and C. Beaulieu

Global climate change is predicted to alter the ocean's biological productivity. But how will we recognise the impacts of climate change on ocean productivity? The most comprehensive information available on its global distribution comes from satellite ocean colour data. Now that over ten years of satellite-derived chlorophyll and productivity data have accumulated, can we begin to detect and attribute climate change-driven trends in productivity? Here we compare recent trends in satellite ocean...

L. H. Smedsrud, and A. Sirevaag, and K. Kloster, and A. Sorteberg, and S. Sandven

Arctic sea ice area has been decreasing for the past two decades. Apart from melting, the southward drift through Fram Strait is the main ice loss mechanism. We present high resolution sea ice drift data across 79° N from 2004 to 2010. Ice drift has been derived from radar satellite data and corresponds well with variability in local geostrophic wind. The underlying East Greenland current contributes with a constant southward speed close to 5 cm s⁻¹, and drives around a third ...

Isabelle M. CÔTÉ, Stephanie J. GREEN

Species invasions threaten marine biodiversity globally. There is a concern that climate change is exacerbating this problem. Here, we examined some of the potential effects of warming water temperatures on the invasion of Western Atlantic habitats by a marine predator, the Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans and P. miles). We focussed on two temperature-dependent aspects of lionfish life-history and behaviour: pelagic larval duration, because of its link to dispersal potential, and prey con...

Sierra Marta M. D., and Giovanela Marcelo, and Parlanti Edith, and Soriano-Sierra Eduardo J.

Six estuarine fulvic (FA) and humic acids (HA) were fractionated with reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography in a water/acetonitrile gradient, with fluorescence detection. Differences between FA and HA chromatograms pointed to a higher incidence of hydrophobic components in the latter. Excitation-emission matrix fluorescence diagrams of most fractions were similar to those of the bulk samples indicating that, in spite of their distinct polarities, the complexity and main spectral ...

Konstantin N. Makarov, and Irina L. Makarova

The mathematical design of gidrolitodinamic processes is examined in an off-shore area exterminating for a project of the reconstructions of the Seashore embankment in town of Sochi.

Thiago Zagonel Serafini, and Gustave Gilles Lopez, and Pedro Luís Bernardo da Rocha

Nest site selection influences the hatching success of sea turtles and represents a crucial aspect of their reproductive process. Arembepe Beach, in the State of Bahia, northeastern Brazil, is a known nest site for Caretta caretta and Eretmochelys imbricata. For the nesting seasons in 2004/2005 and 2005/2006, we analyzed the influence of beach profile and amount of beach vegetation cover on nest site selection and the hatching success for both species. Loggerhead turtles nested preferentially in...

Nadja M. Lins da Silva, and Jean L Valentin, and Christina T. B Bastos

O microfitoplâncton das águas costeiras entre Cabo Frio e Rio de Janeiro foi coletado durante as operações PLATAFORMA IV, V e VI do AvPqOc SO OLIVEIRA (DGN) nos meses de outubro de 1984 e janeiro e março de 1985, As variações qualitativas e quantitativas foram analisadas em função das condições hidrológicas por meio de um tratamento estatístico multivariado dos dados. O fenômeno de ressurgência, responsável seja pelo afloramento da Água Central do Atlântico Sul, seja pela formação de uma termo-c...

Ozeas S. Costa Jr.

Spatial, temporal and anthropogenic controls on nutrient distribution were evaluated for nearshore and offshore reefs at Porto Seguro Bay, Southern Bahia. Water samples were analysed for total oxidised nitrogen (TON), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), reactive silica (DSi), and chlorophyll a (Chl). The results indicate that rainfall promotes a significant (F=19.873, p<0.001) increase in the load of nutrients to nearshore (average 12% increase) and offshore reefs (average 31% increase). Nutrient...

Daniel Loebmann, and João P. Vieira

Este trabalho analisou a distribuição espacial e a abundância relativa da ictiofauna ao longo do gradiente salino do Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe. Em função de apresentar uma barra intermitente, que permite a entrada de água salgada dentro de um sistema alimentado constantemente por água de baixa salinidade, proveniente de banhados e arroios, a Lagoa do Peixe apresentou uma ictiofauna composta de espécies límnicas, estuarino-relacionadas e marinhas. Baseado na composição específica da ictio...

Stefan Gumiński, and Krystyna Jurajda, and Ewa Tatkowska

The increase in total dry mass and protein in cultures of Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Scenedesmus quadricauda and Ankistrodesmus acicularis was studied. Under autotrophic conditions, increases in dry mass were, as a rule, larger in the nitrate medium than in the ammonium one, under mixotrophic conditions the situation was reversed and in the case of heterotrophy, the individual species reacted differently. The dependence ot the protein content increase on the nitrate or ammonium form of the medium wa...

Sara Rezaee, and Christian Seiler, and Ronald Pelot, and Alireza Ghasemi

Weather factors are an intrinsic part of the fishing environment. Changes in weather patterns due to climate change may affect the fishing environment and fishing safety. This article proposes a general framework to quantify fishing incident risks in the future due to changes in weather conditions. This framework first builds relationships between fishing safety and weather conditions based on historical data and then predicts future risks according to these relationships with respect to potenti...

Lysianne eBeynel, and Alan eChauvin, and Nathalie eGuyader, and Sylvain eHarquel, and Sylvain eHarquel, and Thierry eBougerol, and David eSzekely, and Christian eMarendaz

The study assumed that the antisaccade (AS) task is a relevant psychophysical tool to assess (i) short-term neuromodulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) induced by intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) and (ii) mood change occurring during the course of the treatment. Saccadic inhibition is known to strongly involve the DLPFC, whose neuromodulation with iTBS requires less stimulation time and lower stimulation intensity, as well as results in longer aftereffects than the c...

Todd William Lane, and Laura Truesdale Carney

Parasites are now known to be ubiquitous across biological systems and can play an important role in modulating algal populations. However, there is a lack of extensive information on their role in artificial ecosystems such as algal production ponds and photobioreactors. Parasites have been implicated in the demise of algal blooms. Because individual mass culture systems often tend to be unialgal and a select few algal species are in wide scale application, there is an increased potential for ...

Craig R. McClain, and Meghan A. Balk, and Mark C. Benfield, and Trevor A. Branch, and Catherine Chen, and James Cosgrove, and Alistair D.M. Dove, and Lindsay C. Gaskins, and Rebecca R. Helm, and Frederick G. Hochberg, and Frank B. Lee, and Andrea Marshall, and Steven E. McMurray, and Caroline Schanche, and Shane N. Stone, and Andrew D. Thaler

What are the greatest sizes that the largest marine megafauna obtain? This is a simple question with a difficult and complex answer. Many of the largest-sized species occur in the world’s oceans. For many of these, rarity, remoteness, and quite simply the logistics of measuring these giants has made obtaining accurate size measurements difficult. Inaccurate reports of maximum sizes run rampant through the scientific literature and popular media. Moreover, how intraspecific variation in the body ...

Konstantinos Tsagarakis, and Vassiliki Vassilopoulou, and Argyris Kallianiotis, and Athanassios Machias

We analysed data collected on board commercial purse seine vessels in the Aegean and Ionian Seas (eastern Mediterranean Sea, Greece) in 13 seasonal sampling periods from 2003 to 2008 in order to describe the composition of the retained and discarded catch and shed light on discarding practices. In each area, five species constituted the majority of the marketable catch (> 97%): sardine (Sardina pilchardus), anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), round sardinella (Sardinella aurita), bogue (Boops boop...

K. Krishnakumar, and A. Ali, and B. Pereira, and R. Raghavan

Indiscriminate and illegal farming of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus, in central Kerala has now resulted in the escape and spread of the species into Vembanad Lake, a large brackish water wetland and inland fish diversity hotspot. We collected 17 individuals of C. gariepinus ranging in size from 200 to 750 mm from different locations in the southern sector of the lake during a field survey conducted in 2007. Samples comprised of mature specimens of both sexes indicating their reproduct...

F. ORDINES, and M.T. FARRIOLS, and J. LLEONART, and B. GUIJARRO, and A. QUETGLAS, and E. MASSUTÍ

The teleosts Chelidonichthys cuculus, Trigloporus lastoviza, Serranus cabrilla and Trachinus draco, are important by-catch species, in terms of landed biomass and commercial value, from the continental shelf bottom trawl fishery off the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean). The main biological parameters of these species were calculated from monthly biological samplings, and were used along with three years pseudo-cohorts (2008-2010) obtained from monitoring on-board of the bottom trawl flee...

Guilherme Péres Facchioli, and Maico Roris Severino

It’s known that Goiás has been in a large growing of exportation, by the agricultural and livestock products. In this sense, companies must be aware of their logistics costs, which consume an estimable share of the total. So, it’s crucial to them have an efficient management’s system of the supply chain. On this, the paper shown based by a computational simulation system tool, the gains made by the sugar and alcohol company, when practices are adopted to coordinate its flow of matter and informa...

D. Seidov, and R. Prien

Paleoreconstructions suggest that during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) the North Atlantic circulation was noticeably different from its present state. However, the glacial salt conveyor belt is believed to be similar to the present-day's conveyor, albeit weaker and shallower because of an increased freshwater flux in high-latitudes. We present here the investigation of the conveyor operation based on ocean circulation modelling using two numerical models in parallel. The GFDL primitive eq...

M. I. Vousdoukas, and E. Voukouvalas, and L. Mentaschi, and F. Dottori, and A. Giardino, and D. Bouziotas, and A. Bianchi, and P. Salamon, and L. Feyen

Coastal flooding related to marine extreme events has severe socioeconomic impacts, and even though the latter are projected to increase under the changing climate, there is a clear deficit of information and predictive capacity related to coastal flood mapping. The present contribution reports on efforts towards a new methodology for mapping coastal flood hazard at European scale, combining (i) the contribution of waves to the total water level; (ii) improved inundation modeling; and (iii) an o...

Uğur Altınağaç, and Uğur Özekinci, and Cenkmen R. Beğburs

Xiang Y, and Luo P, and Cai X, and Tang Y, and Wu Z

Yingying Xiang, Pingyan Luo, Xueqin Cai, Yuqin Tang, Zhongming Wu Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital &amp; Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People&rsquo;s Republic of China Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and practicability of patient-to-patient (PTP) education strategy on glycemic control among patients with ty...

Olejnik Przemysław Piotr, and Lewicki Andrzej, and Boniecki Piotr, and Lewicka Aleksandra, and Janczak Damian, and Czekała Wojciech

Microalgae attracts the attention of scientists because of the possibility of using in the energy industry as one of the substrates for the production of renewable energy. So far, the greatest emphasis was put on attempts to obtain strains, and technologies of their culturing, in order to efficiently acquire fat from cells and its further conversion to biodiesel using transesterification reaction. Increasingly, algae are considered also as an efficient biomass producer, which can be used as a su...

Tkachenko A. V. , and Prusov S. V. , and Karasev A. B. , and Shkatelov A. P.

The infestation of Atlantic salmon with larvae of nematode Anisakis simplex has been studied in recreational catches in the River Ponoi of the Murmansk Region by using data from field research. The level and dynamics of infestation of autumn Atlantic salmon in 2009–2016 have been determined in comparison with the historical data. The results of research have shown that the proportion of salmon infested with parasite (extensiveness of infestation) varied from 2,1 to 59,8 % and a number of parasit...

S. Sara Mahdavi, and Ingrid T. Spadinger, and Septimiu E. Salcudean, and Piotr Kozlowski, and Silvia D. Chang, and Tony Ng, and Julio Lobo, and Guy Nir, and Hamid Moradi, and Michael Peacock, and James Morris

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and to report the early outcomes of focal treatment of prostate cancer using low- dose-rate brachytherapy (LDR-PB). Material and methods: Seventeen patients were screened with multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), 14 of whom proceeded to receive trans-perineal template mapping biopsy (TTMB). Focal LDR-PB was performed on five eligible patients using dual air kerma strength treatment plans based on planning target volumes derived from canc...

Galit Yovel

As social primates, one of the most important cognitive tasks we conduct, dozens of times a day, is to look at a face and extract the person's identity. During the last decade, the neural basis of face processing has been extensively investigated in humans with event-related potential (ERP) and functional MRI (fMRI). These two methods provide complementary information about the temporal and spatial aspects of the neural response, with ERPs allowing high temporal resolution of milliseconds...

J.P. Borges, and G.O. Lopes, and V. Verri, and M.P. Coelho, and P.M.C. Nascimento, and D.A. Kopiler, and E. Tibirica

Evaluation of microvascular endothelial function is essential for investigating the pathophysiology and treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Although laser speckle contrast imaging technology is well accepted as a noninvasive methodology for assessing microvascular endothelial function, it has never been used to compare male patients with coronary artery disease with male age-matched healthy controls. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether laser speckle contrast imag...

LV Guerra, and F Savergnini, and FS Silva, and MC Bernardes, and MAC Crapez

This study aimed to evaluate the environmental quality of surface water of the Maricá Lagoon System through physicochemical, biochemical and microbiological parameters, in order to assess its environmental quality. Marine influence over the system was evidenced by the salinity and temperature gradients, where the most distant point, in Maricá Lagoon, presented the largest protein, lipid and biopolymeric carbon concentrations. Biopolymers, with predominance of lipids, presented a pattern that dif...

V. Lecours, and M. F. J. Dolan, and A. Micallef, and V. L. Lucieer

Geomorphometry, the science of quantitative terrain characterization, has traditionally focused on the investigation of terrestrial landscapes. However, the dramatic increase in the availability of digital bathymetric data and the increasing ease by which geomorphometry can be investigated using geographic information systems (GISs) and spatial analysis software has prompted interest in employing geomorphometric techniques to investigate the marine environment. Over the last decade or so, a mult...

Anonymous

Horácio Ferreira Júlio Júnior, and Claudenice Dei Tós, and Ângelo Antonio Agostinho, and Carla Simone Pavanelli

Based on long-term studies in the upper rio Paraná basin, in addition to a broad review of literature and other information, we were able to identify 33 species of native fishes in the lower rio Paraná basin that successfully colonized the upper rio Paraná after Itaipu impoundment, that flooded the natural geographic barrier constituted by the Sete Quedas Falls. These species belong to six Orders, encompassing two of Myliobatiformes, six of Characiformes, 17 of Siluriformes, six of Gymnotiformes...

Muthuvairvasamy Ramkumar, and Stüben Doris, and Berner Zsolt

The sedimentary sequence exposed in the erstwhile Tiruchirapalli district hosts a more or less complete geological record of the Upper Cretaceous-Tertiary period. Systematic field mapping, collation of data on the micro-meso scale lithology, sedimentary structures, petrography, faunal assemblage and facies relationships of these rocks, in the light of modern stratigraphic concepts, helped to enumerate the lithostratigraphic setup and depositional history of the basin. Spatial and temporal variat...

Rodrigo Coutinho Abuchacra, and Kita Chaves Damasio Macario, and Maria Isabela Nascimento de Oliveira, and Paula Ferreira Falheiro Abuchacra, and Guilherme Borges Fernandez, and Sérgio Cadena de Vasconcelos, and Vitor Calôr de Oliveira, and Yuri Nogueira Ressiguier, and YAlberto Garcia de Figueiredo Jr

Sedimentological and radiocarbon investigations are part of an ongoing research on the Bay-head delta of northeast Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro State. Sediment accumulation indicates that the Holocene infill of the bay-head delta started around 8.2 kyr BP and was not in pace with the eustatic sea-level rise. Sediment accumulation was faster during the transgressive phase (0.56 cm.yr-1). However, during the regressive phase, progradation driven by base-level fall was predominant over vertical se...

Luis Alberto Espínola, and Horácio Ferreira Júlio Junior, and Evanilde Benedito

The allocation of assimilated energy may be influenced by seasonal changes, growth, and reproductive cycle of fish, food consumption and environmental conditions. The objective of this research was to evaluate the energetic variations of Cichla kelberi in the upper Paraná River floodplain, analyzing the caloric content in muscles, gonadosomatic index (GSI), and the condition factor between assessed systems, sex, and stage of gonadal maturation. The results obtained in the present study permit as...

Svitina V. S. , and Gudimov A. V.

The intertidal population of the barnacles Semibalanus balanoides has been explored in the estuarine zone of the Tuloma River at the end of the Kola Bay for the first time. Barnacles S. balanoides are typical species for the littoral zone of the northern seas, they populate both the high and low salinity areas along the coast of the Barents Sea. The ecology and distribution of barnacle population in estuarine intertidal zones of the Barents Sea are not studied previously, and under the critical ...

D. Notz, and A. Jahn, and M. Holland, and E. Hunke, and F. Massonnet, and J. Stroeve, and B. Tremblay, and M. Vancoppenolle

A better understanding of the role of sea ice for the changing climate of our planet is the central aim of the diagnostic Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6)-endorsed Sea-Ice Model Intercomparison Project (SIMIP). To reach this aim, SIMIP requests sea-ice-related variables from climate-model simulations that allow for a better understanding and, ultimately, improvement of biases and errors in sea-ice simulations with large-scale climate models. This then allows us to better understan...

ML. Souza, and TP. Moulton, and RML. Silveira, and FAM. Krsulovic, and EF. Brito

In a benthic community on a continuous flat granite substrate in a third-order coastal forest stream, the dominant chironomid (Cricotopus) increased in number when shrimps (Macrobrachium olfersi and Potimirim glabra) and baetid ephemeropterans were excluded by electricity. The response appeared to be mediated by an increase in periphyton and sediments, rather than a reduction of direct predation or interference. Chironomids, periphyton and sediments decreased significantly compared to the contro...

Evoy Zaniboni-Filho, and Josiane Ribolli, and Samara Hermes-Silva, and Alex P. O. Nuñer

ABSTRACT Salminus brasiliensis is a potamodromous fish species that occurs in southern South American rivers. In spite of its ecological and economic relevance, information regarding the reproductive biology of S. brasiliensis is still scarce. This study used data from 18 years of continuous sampling in the Upper Uruguay River Basin, analyzing 718 adult fish (307 males, 243 females, 168 undefined) captured at different months of the year. The results showed that the reproductive timing for S. br...

Erivelto Goulart, and Angela Maria Ambrósio, and Luiz Carlos Gomes, and Claudenice Dei Tos

South America harbors the largest freshwater diversity in the world (about 4,475 valid species). Aging studies of 153 species published in 92 papers were reviewed for this publication. They were categorized according to the journal where they were published, decade, number of researches per river basin, methods and structures most used to estimate age, validation methods, period and causes of the formation of the age ring and age of the fish in South America. Our results showed an increase in th...

B. Meyssignac, and D. Salas y Melia, and M. Becker, and W. Llovel, and A. Cazenave

In this study we focus on the sea level trend pattern observed by satellite altimetry in the tropical Pacific over the 1993–2009 time span (i.e. 17 yr). Our objective is to investigate whether this 17-yr-long trend pattern was different before the altimetry era, what was its spatio-temporal variability and what have been its main drivers. We try to discriminate the respective roles of the internal variability of the climate system and of external forcing factors, in particular anthropogenic emis...

Jorge Eloy Giménez, and Martín Adolfo Hurtado, and Omar Raúl Martínez

The river Plate coastal plain is located in northeastern Buenos Airesprovince, where geological events such as sea transgressions and regressions in the Holocene have produced a stratigraphic column with marine-estuarine, fluviatile and continental sediments, as well as a variety of landforms and soils. The aim of this paper is todescribe these different coastal settings and their influence in the distribution of plant communities.<br><br>O noroeste da província de Buenos Aires localiza-se na pl...

Kenneth Gade, and Bjørn Jalving

HUGIN is an untethered underwater vehicle (UUV) intended for bathymetric data collection for detailed seabed surveying. The HUGIN sensor suite, consisting of standard commercially available navigation sensors and a multibeam echosounder, is briefly presented. A Kalman filter based post processing integration of UUV sensors and survey vessel sensors is discussed. Resulting UUV position and heading accuracy and important characteristics of the post processing filter is shown with simulation result...

Manoj Kumar Sahu, and Anuradha Singal, and Ramesh Menon, and Sarvesh Pal Singh, and Alka Mohan, and Mala Manral, and Divya Singh, and V Devagouru, and Sachin Talwar, and Shiv Kumar Choudhary

Background and Objectives: Adequate nutritional supplementation in infants with cardiac malformations after surgical repair is a challenge. Critically ill infants in the early postoperative period are in a catabolic stress. The mismatch between estimated energy requirement (EER) and the intake in the postoperative period is multifactorial, predisposing them to complications such as immune deficiency, more infection, and growth failure. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and efficacy of e...

Marcia Weinzettl, and Pedro Jurberg

In order to investigate a possible method of biological control of schistosomiasis, we used the fish Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) which is widely distributed throughout Brazil, to interrupt the life cycle of the snail Biomphalaria tenagophila (Orbigny, 1835), an intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni. In the laboratory, predation eliminated 97.6% of the smaller snails (3-8 mm shell diameter) and 9.2% of the larger ones (12-14 mm shell diameter). Very promising results were als...

D.A.S. Marcondes, and E.D. Velini, and D. Martins, and R.H. Tanaka, and F.T. Carvalho, and A.L. Cavenaghi, and A.A. Bronhara

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficiência do herbicida fluridone no controle de plantas aquáticas submersas (Egeria densa, Egeria najas e Ceratophyllum demersum), assim como seus efeitos sobre algumas características ambientais. A pesquisa foi conduzida no reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica Eng. Souza Dias (Jupiá), região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, em uma reentrância denominada lagoa Vírgula. A lagoa foi dividida em nove faixas e seis delas receberam uma aplicação inicial de flurido...

Ole-Petter Pedersen, and Kurt S. Tande, and Chaolun Li, and Meng Zhou

The impact of transient wind events on an established zooplankton community was observed during a field survey in a coastal region off northern Norway in May 2002. A transient wind event induced a coastal jet/filament intrusion of warm, saline water into our survey area where a semi-permanent eddy was present. There was an abrupt change in zooplankton community structure within 4-7 days of the wind event, with a change in the size structure, an increase in lower size classes less than 1 mm in eq...

K. Ødemark, and S. B. Dalsøren, and B. H. Samset, and T. K. Berntsen, and J. S. Fuglestvedt, and G. Myhre

Emissions of short-lived climate forcers (SLCF) in the Arctic region are expected to increase, notably from shipping and petroleum extraction. We here discuss changes in atmospheric SLCF concentrations and resulting radiative forcing (RF) from present day shipping and petroleum activities in the Arctic. The three-dimensional chemistry transport OsloCTM2 and a state of the art radiative forcing model are used, based on a coherent dataset of present day Arctic emissions. We find that the net RF of...

Cristina Motta Bührnheim

<abstract language="eng">Assemblage structure is related to predictable patterns of species composition, richness, and abundance. Stream habitat heterogeneity can be approached by two markedly hydrological sorts, riffles and pools, mainly featured by current, depth and substrate. Riffle and pool effect was studied on fish assemblages of three headwater terra firme rainforest streams in Urubu River basin. Central Amazonia, by 30-minute diurnal bank-side observational sampling intervals in which s...