K. Wallmann, and B. Schneider, and M. Sarnthein

We have developed and employed an Earth system model to explore the forcings of atmospheric <i>p</i>CO₂ change and the chemical and isotopic evolution of seawater over the last glacial cycle. Concentrations of dissolved phosphorus (DP), reactive nitrogen, molecular oxygen, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), ¹³C-DIC, and ¹⁴C-DIC were calculated for 24 ocean boxes. The bi-directional water fluxes between these model boxes were derived from a 3...

Elizabeth Neves, and Rodrigo Johnsson

The genus Madracis has been known in Brazil from four deep water species, namely M. mirabilis, M. asperula, M. brueggemanni and M. pharensis, and one zooxanthellate species from shallow water environments, M. decactis. Delicate fragments of a small branching colony of an undescribed Madracis were collected at 73 m depth, northern Salvador (Bahia State). Although resembling the congeners M. asperula and M. brueggemanni, the new species has distinct features including reduced branch thickness, sma...

I. Eisenman, and W. N. Meier, and J. R. Norris

Recent estimates indicate that the Antarctic sea ice cover is expanding at a statistically significant rate with a magnitude one-third as large as the rapid rate of sea ice retreat in the Arctic. However, during the mid-2000s, with several fewer years in the observational record, the trend in Antarctic sea ice extent was reported to be considerably smaller and statistically indistinguishable from zero. Here, we show that much of the increase in the reported trend occurred due to the previously u...

Mathieu eTaillade, and Bernard eN'Kaoua, and Hélène eSauzéon, and Hélène eSauzéon

The present study investigated the effect of aging on direct navigation measures and self-reported ones according to the real-virtual test manipulation. Navigation (wayfinding tasks) and spatial memory (paper-pencil tasks) performances, obtained either in real-world or in virtual-laboratory test conditions, were compared between young (n=32) and older (n=32) adults who had self-rated their everyday navigation behavior (SBSOD scale). Real age-related differences were observed in navigation tasks...

Mariángeles Gamaza, and Ignacio Sobrino, and Karim Erzini

Sorting grids have been tested worldwide in trawl fisheries. Here we report upon the first trials performed using Nordmøre sorting grids with four different bar spacings in the trawl fisheries of the Gulf of Cadiz targeting crustaceans as the main resource. A total of 288 valid hauls and 67 commercial species were caught. Escapement and escape size selectivity were evaluated for the most important target and by-catch species. A decrease in the percentage of biomass escape was recorded with incre...

J. V. Lukovich, and C. A. Geiger, and D. G. Barber

A framework is developed to assess the directional changes in sea ice drift paths and associated deformation processes in response to atmospheric forcing. The framework is based on Lagrangian statistical analyses leveraging particle dispersion theory which tells us whether ice drift is in a subdiffusive, diffusive, ballistic, or superdiffusive dynamical regime using single-particle (absolute) dispersion statistics. In terms of sea ice deformation, the framework uses two- and three-particl...

C. Irwin, and S. Khalesi, and A. Cox, and G. Grant, and A. Davey, and A. Bulmer, and B. Desbrow

L. CASTRIOTA, and M. FALAUTANO, and T. ROMEO, and J. FLORIO, and P. PELUSI, and M.G. FINOIA, and F. ANDALORO

The north-eastern coast of Sicily is characterized by deep, steep bottoms, not easily exploitable by trawl fishery. In this area few fishermen use bottom traps to catch shrimps and Norway lobsters. Our studies were aimed at identifying the species’ composition, abundance and biomass of crustaceans exploitable by bottom traps in this area. Monthly samples over one year were obtained from two lines of 30 baited traps each, at depths between 100 and 500 m. One line was placed in an area usually exp...

S. Ghasemifard, and A.J. Sinclair, and P. Lewandowski, and G.M. Turchini

Rory M. Welsh, and Stephanie M. Rosales, and Jesse R. Zaneveld, and Jérôme P. Payet, and Ryan McMinds, and Steven L. Hubbs, and Rebecca L. Vega Thurber

Coral microbiomes are known to play important roles in organismal health, response to environmental stress, and resistance to disease. The coral microbiome contains diverse assemblages of resident bacteria, ranging from defensive and metabolic symbionts to opportunistic bacteria that may turn harmful in compromised hosts. However, little is known about how these bacterial interactions influence the mechanism and controls of overall structure, stability, and function of the microbiome. We sought ...

Dong-Hoon Jeong, and Myung-Il Roh, and Seung-Ho Ham, and Chan-Young Lee

Naval ships are assigned many and varied missions. Their performance is critical for mission success, and depends on the specifications of the components. This is why performance analyses of naval ships are required at the initial design stage. Since the design and construction of naval ships take a very long time and incurs a huge cost, Modeling and Simulation (M & S) is an effective method for performance analyses. Thus in this study, a simulation core is proposed to analyze the performance of...

Weiqi eKuang, and Weiqi eKuang, and Jie eLi, and Si eZhang, and Lijuan eLong

Actinobacteria is a ubiquitous major group in coral holobiont. The diversity and spatial and temporal distribution of actinobacteria have been rarely documented. In this study, diversity of actinobacteria associated with mucus, tissue and skeleton of Porites lutea and in the surrounding seawater were examined every three months for 1 year on Luhuitou fringing reef. The population structures of the P. lutea-associated actinobacteria were analyzed using phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene clone...

H. Bai, and H. Bai, and C. Gong, and M. Wang, and M. Wang, and Z. Zhang, and T. L'Ecuyer

Precipitation susceptibility to aerosol perturbation plays a key role in understanding aerosol–cloud interactions and constraining aerosol indirect effects. However, large discrepancies exist in the previous satellite estimates of precipitation susceptibility. In this paper, multi-sensor aerosol and cloud products, including those from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO), CloudSat, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Advanc...

N. Srivastava

A logistic regression model is implemented for predicting the occurrence of intense/super-intense geomagnetic storms. A binary dependent variable, indicating the occurrence of intense/super-intense geomagnetic storms, is regressed against a series of independent model variables that define a number of solar and interplanetary properties of geo-effective CMEs. The model parameters (regression coefficients) are estimated from a training data set which was extracted from a dataset of 64 ...

Luciola Santos Lannes, and Beatriz Quintal

New technologies are inserted in all aspects of modern human life, and their application in the educational process is a main demand from official educational programs. In the field of Sciences, such strategy is fundamental for a construction on an inquisitive student, which is the basis for the development of an effective learning process. This work develops a geoprocessing technique consisting on the use of satellite images. This will aid K-12 teachers and students in subjects such as Sciences...

Wanlu Zhu, and Jian Shi, and Sherif Abdelwahed

Dynamic simulation is critical for electrical ship studies as it obtains the necessary information to capture and characterize system performance over the range of system operations and dynamic events such as disturbances or contingencies. However, modeling and simulation of the interactive electrical and mechanical dynamics involves setting up and solving system equations in time-domain that is typically time consuming and computationally expensive. Accurate assessment of system dynamic behavio...

Douglas Batista Mazzinghy, and Roberto Galéry, and Claudio Luiz Schneider, and Vladmir Kronemberger Alves

Vertimill™ has been used in regrind circuits during the past years due to its greater efficiency when compared to the conventional tube ball mill. This paper presents the Vertimill™ pilot grinding tests with a sample of copper ore carried out in closed circuit with a high frequency screen. The sample was crushed 100% to <6 mm. All operating variables were measured under controlled conditions to produce a mass balance of the test. A laboratory batch ball mill was used to characterize the sample i...

A. Goswami, and P. L. Olson, and L. A. Hinnov, and A. Gnanadesikan

We present a method for reconstructing global ocean bathymetry that combines a standard plate cooling model for the oceanic lithosphere based on the age of the oceanic crust, global oceanic sediment thicknesses, plus generalized shelf-slope-rise structures calibrated at modern active and passive continental margins. Our motivation is to develop a methodology for reconstructing ocean bathymetry in the geologic past that includes heterogeneous continental margins in addition to abyssal ocean floor...

Laila S.H. Al-Naamani, and Sergey Dobretsov, and Jamal Al-Sabahi, and Bassam Soussi

Marine sources have been known to yield novel compounds with a wide range of bioactivity with various commercial applications. In this study, the abilities of bacteria isolated from eight marine organisms to produce α-amylase were examined. All eight organisms were found to harbor amylase producing bacteria. Two bacterial species isolated from the green alga Ulva rigida and the sponge Mycale sp. were further identified and their α-amylases were purified and characterized. The bacterial species i...

F. Conen, and S. Eckhardt, and H. Gundersen, and A. Stohl, and K. E. Yttri

Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) active at modest supercooling (e.g. −8 °C; INP₋₈) can transform clouds from liquid to mixed phase, even at very small number concentrations (< 10 m⁻³). Over the course of 15 months, we found very similar patterns in weekly concentrations of INP₋₈ in PM₁₀ (median  =  1.7 m⁻³, maximum  =  10.1 m⁻³) and weekly amounts of rainfall (median  =  28 mm, maximum  =  153 mm) at Birkenes, southern Norway....

Jordan Levine, and Michael Muthukrishna, and Kai M. A. Chan, and Terre Satterfield

Arriving at shared mental models among multiple stakeholder groups can be crucial for successful management of contested social-ecological systems (SES). Academia can help by first eliciting stakeholders' initial, often tacit, beliefs about a SES, and representing them in useful ways. We demonstrate a new recombination of techniques for this purpose, focusing specifically on tacit beliefs about food webs. Our approach combines freelisting and sorting techniques, salience analysis, and ultimately...

Emma Maspero, and Esbeth van Dyk, and Hans Ittmann

As a direct result of the 9-11 New York attack all modes of freight and passengertransportation were scrutinised for vulnerabilities. Over 90% of international trade takes place via sea transport for at least some part of the supply chain and as a result there has been a drive to better secure maritime transportation. This paper outlines the background to and the rationale behind the most important of the new security measures for maritime transportation and provides an overview of the likely im...

Adriano Moehlecke, and Izete Zanesco

Brazil is a country that receives a large amount of solar radiation. Moreover, high quality quartz mines has been found in its territory and the country has well-established metallurgical grade silicon industries. However, PV technology is not used in large scale and there are no active solar cell fabs. In this context, a pilot plant to develop industrial PV technology was carried out in a Brazilian university combining education, research and industrial development. Silicon solar cell processes...

Frederico de Moraes Rudorff, and Douglas Francisco Marcolino Gherardi

The present work aimed to examine the potentials of SAR RADARSAT-1 images to detect emergent coral reefs at the Environmental Protection Area of "Costa dos Corais". Multi-view filters were applied and tested for speckle noise reduction. A digital unsupervised classification based on image segmentation was performed and the classification accuracy was evaluated by an error matrix built between the SAR image classification and a reference map obtained from a TM Landsat-5 classification. The adapta...

Stancheva R., and Sheath R. G.

This review presents the state-of-the-art of benthic soft-bodied algae as biondicators of stream and river water quality, with emphasis on bioassessments set by the legislation (e.g., European Water Framework Directive, USA Clean Water Act) to promote the restoration and ensure ecological sustainability of water resources. The advantages and shortcomings of a variety of bioassessment field and laboratory methods for algae are discussed. The inc...

Rodolfo Gutterres Giordano, and Luciano Neves dos Santos

This work aimed to assess, through experimental comparisons between free and scuba diving performed in Arraial do Cabo city, RJ, Brazil, the abundances of Scartella cristata e Chaetodon striatus -two reef fish species of contrasting behaviors- in different depth layers of sheltered and exposed rocky reefs. C. striatus was homogeneously distributed through all the depth strata (0-10 m) and scuba diving should be preferred over free diving to assess the abundance of this species at exposed rocky s...

I. M Sandeman

Coral bleaching involves the detachment of zooxanthellae and the simultaneous fragmentation of the gastrodermis. Results obtained with a cell permeant fluorescent probe for calcium ions (Ca2+) indicates that "thermal" bleaching is the result of a temperature related breakdown of the Ca2+ exclusion system. "Solar" bleaching, which takes place at lower temperatures and is driven by light, is the result of a build-up of photo-synthetically produced hydrogen peroxide in the tissues. Gastrodermal tis...

Kittipun Arunphalungsanti, and Chailerd Pichitpornchai

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the unfamiliar stressed prosody on spoken Thai word perception in the pre-attentive processing of the brain evaluated by the N2a and brain wave oscillatory activity. EEG recording was obtained from eleven participants, who were instructed to ignore the sound stimuli while watching silent movies. Results showed that prosody of unfamiliar stress word perception elicited N2a component and the quantitative EEG analysis found that theta and delta wave...

M. J. Pedraza, and J. A. Díaz Ochoa

Between 1988 and 1998, annual tuna landings at Buenaventura (Colombian Pacific) are correlated with the sea surface temperature in the central Equatorial Pacific (<i>r</i>=0.78, <i>p</i><0.05) and the sea level height at Buenaventura (<i>r</i>=0.76, <i>p</i><0.05) and Balboa (Panama) (<i>r</i>=0.79, <i>p</i><0.05). Seasonal oceanic upwelling is forced by the Panama wind jet, which may favour oceanic fisheries such as tuna. Here we first apply a bivariate correlation method (Pyper and Peterman, 1...

Pamela J. Fletcher, and Michael Spranger, and James C. Hendee, and Yuncong Li, and Mark Clark, and Gregory A. Kiker

The decline in coral reef health presents a complex management issue. While several causes of decline have been identified and are under continued study, it is often difficult to discern management actions necessary to address multiple near- and far-field stressors to these ecosystems. As a result, resource managers seek tools to improve the understanding of ecosystem condition and to develop management responses to reduce local and regional pressures in the wake of larger, global impacts. A res...

S.S. Kharat, and M. Paingankar, and N. Dahanukar

Freshwater fish fauna of the Krishna River at Wai, and the Dhom reservoir upstream of Wai, was studied. Fifty one species belonging to 14 families and 33 genera were recorded; 13 endemic to the Western Ghats and two to the Krishna River system. Moderate to rare populations were found for six globally threatened species: Gonoproktopterus curmuca, Labeo potail, Schismatorhynchos nukta, Tor khudree, T. mussullah and Parapsilorhynchus discophorus. Fish in this area are under threat due to two int...

Carlos Gustavo Chaves Campo, and Shirley Andrea Rodríguez Espinosa

<p align="left">The structure and floristic composition of riparian forest in the sub-Andean basin of the river Yumbillo in the municipality of Yumbo, Valle del Cauca, eastern slope of the western cordillera of the Andes, Colombia were analyzed. By 20 plots of 100 m2, in the altitude range between 1500 to 2235 m., Data was recorded in individuals with a diameter of a breast height (DBH) > 10 cm, floristic composition and vertical and horizontal structure by calculation of abundance, frequency, d...

KOSTADINOV Kostadin

During the period 2012-2013, a study was made on the effect of using deep-water organic-mineral sediments (sapropels) of the Black Sea as amendment for alluvial meadow soil (Calcaric Fluvisol) – manure substrate used for seedlings production of eggplant cv. Patladjan 12. The results obtained after two years of field experiments showed that the introduction of 30 g/kg of Black Sea sapropels increases the pH of soil-manure substrate from 7.42 to 7.74 units and improves the growing parameters of eg...

Sara Karimi Zeverdegani, and Abdulrahman Bahrami, and Masoud Rismanchian, and Farshid Ghorbani Shahna

Introduction: Due to the widespread use of toxic chemicals in most workplaces that can lead to toxic effects on human, various chemical extraction technique have been defined for analysis these toxic substances in air, water and biological samples. The purpose of this research is extraction of&nbsp; toluene and methyl ethyl ketone from aquatic samples with needle trap device and &nbsp;one commercial sorbent. Methods: In this research, needle trap device was used to extraction of&nbsp; toluene...

Jeong-Ho Han, and Woon Kee Paek, and Kwang-Guk An

This study was carried out to analyze the difference in fish fauna, ecological indicator characteristics, biological status of other fish populations, and fish community structures between two groups of reservoir ecosystems along with the invasion of an introduced species, Micropterus salmoides. Six reservoirs were selected and divided into two groups: reservoirs noninvaded and invaded by M. salmoides were RNIv and RIv, respectively. A total of 11,519 individuals of 28 species were sampled in RN...

A. Gegiuc, and M. Similä, and J. Karvonen, and M. Lensu, and M. Mäkynen, and J. Vainio

For ship navigation in the Baltic Sea ice, parameters such as ice edge, ice concentration, ice thickness and degree of ridging are usually reported daily in manually prepared ice charts. These charts provide icebreakers with essential information for route optimization and fuel calculations. However, manual ice charting requires long analysis times, and detailed analysis of large areas (e.g. Arctic Ocean) is not feasible. Here, we propose a method for automatic estimation of the degree of ...

Taryn Hector, and George Ruthven

Globalisation is dependent on efficient supply chains and a variety of transport systems. South Africa participates in the world’s economy with an extensive container shipping industry, as well as a road/rail/air distribution system. One of the aims of this research study was to develop a measurement system, or model, that may assist in measuring the performance of a container shipping service, from the time a ship arrives in the harbour, through the process in the container depot until the cont...

Kurt eBuchmann

Host responses against invading pathogens are basic physiological reactions of all living organisms. Since appearance of the first eukaryotic cells a series of defence mechanisms have evolved in order to secure cellular integrity, homeostasis and survival of the host. Invertebrates, ranging from protozoans to metazoans, possess cellular receptors which bind to foreign elements and differentiate self from non-self. This ability is in multicellular animals associated with presence of phagocytes, b...

Tikhonova Elena, and Kotelyanets Ekaterina Aleksandrovna, and Solov Olga Victorovna

Within the framework of the 83-rd cruise of the research vessel "Professor Vodyanitsky" (January-February 2016) a coastal area of the Crimea was investigated. The studied regions – water space of the Black and Azov Seas and pre-strait-area of the Kerch Strait - have varying degrees of the anthropogenic load. The aim of the work was to study the content of chloroform-extractable substances (CES), oil hydrocarbons (OH) and heavy metals (HM) in the sediments of the Azov-Black Sea basin includ...

Hollie M. Putnam, and Diane K. Adams, and Ehud Zelzion, and Nicole E. Wagner, and Huan Qiu, and Tali Mass, and Paul G. Falkowski, and Ruth D. Gates, and Debashish Bhattacharya

We investigated intra- and inter-colony sequence variation in a population of the dominant Hawaiian coral Montipora capitata by analyzing marker gene and genomic data. Ribosomal ITS1 regions showed evidence of a reticulate history among the colonies, suggesting incomplete rDNA repeat homogenization. Analysis of the mitochondrial genome identified a major (M. capitata) and a minor (M. flabellata) haplotype in single polyp-derived sperm bundle DNA with some colonies containing 2–3 different mtDNA ...

Regina Célia de Jesus Fialho, and Rodrigo Maciel Calvet, and Maria Marlúcia Gomes Pereira, and Amilton Paulo Raposo Costa, and Aline Marques Monte, and Ygor Flávio Moraes Santos, and Maria Christina Sanches Muratori

ABSTRACT. Fialho R.C.J., Calvet R.M., Pereira M.M.G., Costa A.P.R., Monte A.M., Santos Y.F.M. & Muratori M.C.S. [The occurrence of Enterobacteria in marine shrimp farming systems in the coast of Piaui, Brazil.] Ocorrência de enterobactérias em sistemas de carcinicultura marinha do litoral do Piauí, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 36(1):60-64, 2014. Departamento de Morfofisiologia Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus de Socopo, Teresi...

Uei Pua

P.A.S. Olivier, and Wilmien J. Luus-Powell, and J.E. Saayman

This report deals with the results of a parasitological study done as part of a post-impoundment ecological study of Middle Letaba Dam, Limpopo Province, South Africa. It involved a seasonal survey protocol with particular attention to the diversity and prevalence of the parasitic fauna of the indigenous fish community of the dam and the role of selected fish-eating birds in the life cycle and distribution of fish helminths. The potential species composition of fish of the dam is provided....

Shin-Hyung Kim, and Won-Sun Ruy, and Beom Seon Jang

An automatic pipe routing system is proposed and implemented. Generally, the pipe routing design as a part of the shipbuilding process requires a considerable number of man hours due to the complexity which comes from physical and operational constraints and the crucial influence on outfitting construction productivity. Therefore, the automation of pipe routing design operations and processes has always been one of the most important goals for improvements in shipbuilding design. The proposed sy...

Douglas Rigterink, and Rebecca Piks, and David J. Singer

This paper introduces the use of network theory to model and analyze disparate ship design information. This work will focus on a ship's distributed systems and their intra- and intersystem structures and interactions. The three system to be analyzed are: a passageway system, an electrical system, and a fire fighting system. These systems will be analyzed individually using common network metrics to glean information regarding their structures and attributes. The systems will also be subjected t...

V. Matthias, and A. Aulinger, and A. Backes, and J. Bieser, and B. Geyer, and M. Quante, and M. Zeretzke

Scenarios for future shipping emissions in the North Sea have been developed in the framework of the Clean North Sea Shipping project. The effects of changing NO_<i>x</i> and SO₂ emissions were investigated with the CMAQ chemistry transport model for the year 2030 in the North Sea area. It has been found that, compared to today, the contribution of shipping to the NO₂ and O₃ concentrations will increase due to the expected enhanced traffic by more...

I. A. Stolbunov, and I. V. Shlyapkin

The daily dynamics of fish diversity and density aggregations in different riparian habitats of the reservoir Kam Lam and its tributary mouth – the river Suoi Coc (Central Vietnam) were studied. We found the change of species number and its percentage redistribution in the aggregations over the entire circadian period in the different types of habitats. It is noted that in the night the fish species diversity of littoral aggregations increased.

K. TSIAMIS, and B. MONTESANTO, and P. PANAYOTIDIS, and C. KATSAROS, and M. VERLAQUE

In the present study the list of alien marine macrophytes already recorded on Greek coasts has been revised in the light of recent studies and new observations. In comparison  to 2008, the total number consists of 32 taxa, and the classification as established, casual and debatable species has been modified, with a total of 14, 5 and 13 species respectively. An interesting increase in established species from 9 taxa in 2008 to 14 taxa in 2009 is noted. With 23 taxa listed, Rhodobionta is the bes...

María Baudot Monroy

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Carina Östman, and Jens Roat Kultima, and Sau Yu Grace Wong

In examining large acontia b-mastigophore and p-amastigophore nematocysts of the sea anemone Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) darts were observed by interference-contrast light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The darts consist of closely packed spines detached from the shafts, still in three helical rows. Their spines form a hollow cylinder with a sharp tip and indented base, its width similar to that of an undischarged shaft but varying in length. b-mastigophore darts w...