Andrew eRose

Superoxide, the one-electron reduced form of dioxygen, is produced in the extracellular milieu of aquatic microbes through a range of abiotic chemical processes and also by microbes themselves. Due to its ability to promote both oxidative and reductive reactions, superoxide may have a profound impact on the redox state of iron, potentially influencing iron solubility, complex speciation and bioavailability. The interplay between iron, superoxide and oxygen may also produce a cascade of other hig...

Jordan D. Poley, and Laura M. Braden, and Amber M. Messmer, and Okechukwu O. Igboeli, and Shona K. Whyte, and Alicia Macdonald, and Jose Rodriguez, and Marta Gameiro, and Lucien Rufener, and Jacques Bouvier, and Dorota W. Wadowska, and Ben F. Koop, and Barry C. Hosking, and Mark D. Fast

Drug resistance in the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis is a global issue for Atlantic salmon aquaculture. Multiple resistance has been described across most available compound classes with the exception of the benzoylureas. To target this gap in effective management of L. salmonis and other species of sea lice (e.g. Caligus spp.), Elanco Animal Health is developing an in-feed treatment containing lufenuron (a benzoylurea) to be administered prior to seawater transfer of salmon smolts and to...

Edgar F. Mendoza-Franco, and Juan Manuel Caspeta-Mandujano, and Marina Tapia Osorio

An extensive parasitological study of 365 freshwater exotic fish specimens belonging to 13 species of seven families (Cichlidae, Cyprinidae, Osphronemidae, Pangasidae, Poeciliidae, Characidae, and Loricariidae) collected from 31 Aquaculture Production Units (APU) from Central Mexico revealed the occurrence of 29 ecto- and endo-parasitic monogeneans found on gills and stomachs: Cichlidogyrus sclerosus, C. thurstonae, C. tilapiae, Cichlidogyrus sp. 1, Cichlidogyrus sp. 2, Enterog...

HUA Hongxing, and YU Qiang

Several decades after the development of acoustic stealth technology for ships, there remains an urgent necessity to reduce low frequency structural and acoustic response due to excitation from the stern. This paper reviews research into the coupled vibration and acoustic problems of the sterns of vessels. Attention is especially paid to three key aspects: the characteristics of propeller forces, the vibration-acoustic signatures of coupled propeller-shaft-hull systems, and vibration/noise contr...

PU Jijun, and XIONG Ying

Three different models,<i>k-ω</i>,DES and LES,are conducted in the analysis of the tip vortex flow field. In order to reduce the discrete error induced by the grid,mesh refinement is applied to the area of the tip vortex core in numerical simulations. The axis and tangential velocities of the tip vortex flow field with no cavitation are calculated,and the calculated velocities agree well with the experimental results. On the basis of this process,the influence of vortex roll-up on the tip vortex...

DONG Liangxiong, and YANG Yi, and GAO Junkai, and GONG Yaping

The anti-impact ability of shafting directly affects the stability and security of a ship's power transmission, and it cannot be ignored that large-scale effects on ships have an influence on the interaction intensity of the impact load. Based on the marine shafting-oil film-stern structure system, the average im-pact load, impact amplitude and orbit of the axle center are analyzed, and the range of shafting speed and load for safe running is determined. The results show that the law of interact...

ZHANG Zengyin, and ZHAO Yao

Building a large ship in an overall sea area is a trend in shipbuilding. As such, it is necessary to take into account the influence of extreme waves in the calculation of a ship's longitudinal ultimate strength reliability. The general method of load calculation does not take into account the effects of special wave loads under extreme sea conditions. In addition, for reliability analysis, extreme loads have more complicated random variables. The general method of ship reliability calculation r...

LIU Junfeng, and HU Zhiqiang

The analytical method for predicting the dynamic responses of a ship in a collision scenario features speed and accuracy,and the external dynamics constitute an important part. A 3D simplified analytical method is implemented by MATLAB and used to calculate the energy dissipation of ship-ship collisions. The results obtained by the proposed method are then compared with those of a 2D simplified analytical method. The total dissipated energy can be obtained through the proposed analytical method,...

Urša Kogovšek, and Boris Kovač, and Katarina Babnik

Nanotechnology is a science field that includes research and applications carried out in the sphere of below 100 nanometers. Nanofood is the result of the usage of nanotechnology in food production, processing, and packaging. The paper presents results of a pilot study on perceptions of nanotechnology and its use in food production. A questionnaire was developed for the purpose of the study that measured knowledge, perceptions and attitudes towards nanotechnology and nanoproducts in general and ...

Tim G.B. Hart

Rosemary A. Dorrington, and Amanda T. Lombard, and Thomas G. Bornman, and Janine B. Adams, and Hayley C. Cawthra, and Shaun H.P. Deyzel, and Wayne S. Goschen, and Kenneth Liu, and Jacques Mahler-Coetzee, and Gwynneth F. Matcher, and Christopher McQuaid, and Shirley Parker-Nance, and Angus Paterson, and Renzo Perissinotto, and Francesca Porri, and Michael Roberts, and Bernadette Snow, and Patrick Vrancken

Makoto Wada, and Hiroyuki Konishi

A new vertical pointing radar was installed at Syowa Station in 1988 for observing precipitation and clouds in Antarctic Climate Research project started in 1987. The precipitation of 1988 was approximately half of that of 1989. The total precipitation was estimated at about 200mm from 23 February 1988 to 22 February 1989 and about 390mm from 1 February 1989 to 30 November 1989. The tendency of little snow accumulation in 1988 can be seen in the year-to-year data of the maximum snow depth measur...

Mariamichela Lanzilli, and Giuliana Donadio, and Roberta Addevico, and Anella Saggese, and Giuseppina Cangiano, and Loredana Baccigalupi, and Ezio Ricca, and Graham Christie, and Rachele Isticato

Bacterial spores spontaneously interact and tightly bind heterologous proteins. A variety of antigens and enzymes have been efficiently displayed on spores of Bacillus subtilis, the model system for spore formers. Adsorption on B. subtilis spores has then been proposed as a non-recombinant approach for the development of mucosal vaccine/drug delivery vehicles, biocatalysts, bioremediation and diagnostic tools. We used spores of B. megaterium QM B1551 to evaluate their efficiency as an adsorption...

Natasha Curry, and Matthew Harris, and Laura Gunn, and Yannis Pappas, and Ian Blunt, and Michael Soljak, and Nikolaos Mastellos, and Holly Holder, and Judith Smith, and Azeem Majeed, and Agnieszka Ignatowicz, and Felix Greaves, and Athina Belsi, and Nicola Costin-Davis, and Jessica D Jones Nielsen, and Geva Greenfield, and Elizabeth Cecil, and Susan Patterson, and Josip Car, and Martin Bardsley

<p style="margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 200%;"><strong><span style="line-height: 200%; font-size: 12pt;" lang="EN-GB">Introduction:</span></strong><span style="line-height: 200%; font-size: 12pt;" lang="EN-GB"> This paper provides the results of a year-long evaluation of a large-scale integrated care pilot in North West London. The pilot aimed to integrate care across primary, acute, community, mental health and social care for people with diabetes and those over 75 years thr...

John Cooper, and Nicola Baccetti, and Eduardo J. Belda, and John J. Borg, and Daniel Oro, and Costas Papaconstantinou, and Antonio Sánchez

A country-by-country review of seabird mortality from longline fishing in the Mediterranean Sea and in Macaronesian waters shows a paucity of data. Of 12 Mediterranean countries known to undertake longlining, seabird mortality is only reported for six: France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Spain and Tunisia. Seabird mortality from longlining has been reported from the Azores (Portugal) but not from the other Macaronesian Islands. Only for one country, Spain, is information on the levels of mortality ava...

J. Antonio Baeza, and Donald C. Behringer

The ornamental trade is a worldwide industry worth >15 billion USD with a problem of rampant product misidentification. Minimizing misidentification is critical in the face of overexploitation of species in the trade. We surveyed the peppermint shrimp ornamental marketplace in the southeastern USA, the most intense market for peppermint shrimps worldwide, to characterize the composition of species in the trade, reveal the extent of misidentification, and describe the population genetics of the t...

Yuko Stender, and Paul L. Jokiel, and Kuʻulei S. Rodgers

Coral reefs are being critically impacted by anthropogenic processes throughout the world. Long term monitoring is essential to the understanding of coral reef response to human impacts and the effectiveness of corrective management efforts. Here we reevaluated a valuable coral reef baseline established in Pelekane Bay, Hawaiʻi during 1976 and subsequently resurveyed in 1996. During this time interval substantial impacts occurred followed by extensive corrective measures. Coral and fish communit...

Fernando Pérez-Rodríguez, and Luis Nunes, and Ângelo Sil, and João Azevedo

Aim of the study: To introduce and describe FlorNExT®, a free cloud computing application to estimate growth and yield of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) even-aged stands in the Northeast of Portugal (NE Portugal). Area of study: NE Portugal. Material and methods: FlorNExT® implements a dynamic growth and yield modelling framework which integrates transition functions for dominant height (site index curves) and basal area, as well as output functions for tree and stand volume, biomass, and...

Michael eJarrett, and Roger eTam, and Roger eTam, and Enedino eHernández-Torres, and Nancy eMartin, and Nancy eMartin, and Nancy eMartin, and Warren ePerera, and Yinshan eZhao, and Elham eShahinfard, and Shiroy eDadachanji, and Jack eTaunton, and David K. B. Li, and David K. B. Li, and Alexander eRauscher, and Alexander eRauscher, and Alexander eRauscher

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is among the most common neurological disorders. Haemorrhagic lesions and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) are radiological features associated with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury TBI. Brain volume reductions have also been observed during the months following injury. In concussion, no signs of injury are observed on conventional MRI, which may be a true feature of concussion or merely due to the limited sensitivity of imaging techniques used so far. M...

Katrina eEdwards, and Andrew eFisher, and C. Geoffrey eWheat

We discuss ridge flank environments in the ocean crust as habitats for subseafloor microbial life. Oceanic ridge flanks, areas far from the magmatic and tectonic influence of seafloor spreading, comprise one of the largest and least explored microbial habitats on the planet. We describe the nature of the ridge flank crustal environments, and present a framework for delineating a continuum of conditions and processes that are likely to be important for defining subseafloor microbial &quot;provinc...

A. Vidard, and P.-A. Bouttier, and F. Vigilant

Tangent linear and adjoint models (TAMs) are efficient tools to analyse and to control dynamical systems such as NEMO. They can be involved in a large range of applications such as sensitivity analysis, parameter estimation or the computation of characteristic vectors. A TAM is also required by the 4D-Var algorithm, which is one of the major methods in data assimilation. This paper describes the development and the validation of the tangent linear and adjoint model for the NEMO ocean modelling p...

Filipa Godoy-Vitorino, and Claudia P. Ruiz-Diaz, and Abigail Rivera-Seda, and Juan S. Ramírez-Lugo, and Carlos Toledo-Hernández

Background Coral reefs are the most biodiverse ecosystems in the marine realm, and they not only contribute a plethora of ecosystem services to other marine organisms, but they also are beneficial to humankind via, for instance, their role as nurseries for commercially important fish species. Corals are considered holobionts (host + symbionts) since they are composed not only of coral polyps, but also algae, other microbial eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In recent years, Caribbean reef corals, incl...

L. Olsson, and S. Ye, and X. Yu, and M. Wei, and K. W. Krauss, and H. Brix

Many factors are known to influence greenhouse gas emissions from coastal wetlands, but it is still unclear which factors are most important under field conditions when they are all acting simultaneously. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of water table, salinity, soil temperature and vegetation on CH₄ emissions and ecosystem respiration (<i>R</i>_eco) from five coastal wetlands in the Liaohe Delta, Northeast China: two <i>Phragmites australis</i> (common...

Valentina Losi, and Monica Montefalcone, and Mariapaola Moreno, and Elisa Giovannetti, and Luigi Gaozza, and Matia Grondona, and Giancarlo Albertelli

Meiofauna in sediments colonized by Posidonia oceanica in the Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean) was investigated to evaluate its use as an early warning indicator of environmental disturbance. Descriptors commonly used in seagrass health assessment are mainly related to the plant (e.g., phenological parameters) and/or to the meadow (e.g., structural parameters) and are subjected to long-term response times. Conversely, meiofauna is considered a good bioindicator with a rapid response to environmen...

Filipe Prazeres

<p><strong>Background</strong> This study compares general practitioners (GPs) and general practice trainees (GPTs) on the adaptation to the electronic health records (EHRs) and how they perceive its impact on medical consultations.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong> Cross-sectional, descriptive study. The link for an online questionnaire was sent to mainland Portuguese health care centre groups.</p><p><strong>Results</strong> A total of 147 physicians (100 females and 47 males). GPs had more learni...

Philippe V. Alves, and Alain de Chambrier, and Tomáš Scholz, and José L. Luque

An exhaustive literature search supplemented by a critical examination of records made it possible to present an annotated checklist of tapeworms (Cestoda) that, as adults or larvae (metacestodes), parasitize freshwater, brackish water and marine fishes, i.e. cartilaginous and bony fishes, in South America. The current knowledge of their species diversity, host associations and geographical distribution is reviewed. Taxonomic problems are discussed based on a critical evaluatio...

Sam eRidgway

In the 1960s, I explored some aspects of carbohydrate metabolism in healthy bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Their physiological picture resembled what had been described for hyperthyroid diabetics. Dolphins have elevated thyroid hormone turnover, and fasting dolphins maintain a relatively high level of plasma glucose. After dolphins ingest glucose, plasma levels remain high for many hours. Interestingly, plasma glucose must exceed 300 mg/dL (about twice as high as the human thresh...

Begoña Pérez-Gómez, and Fernando Manzano, and Enrique Alvarez-Fanjul, and Carlos González, and Juan Vicente Cantavella, and François Schindelé

The upgrade and enhancement of sea level networks worldwide for integration in sea level hazard warning systems have significantly increased the possibilities for measuring and analyzing high frequency sea level oscillations, with typical periods ranging from a few minutes to a few hours. Many tide gauges now afford 1 min or more frequent sampling and have shown such events to be a common occurrence. Their origins and spatial distribution are diverse and must be well understood in order to corre...

Wei-Yu eChen

Nanotoxicity has become of increasing concern since the rapid development of metal nanoparticles (NPs). Aquatic nanotoxicity depends on crucial qualitative and quantitative properties of nanomaterials that induce adverse effects on subcellular, tissue, and organ level. The dose-response effects of size-dependent metal NPs, however, are not well investigated in aquatic organisms. In order to determine the uptake and elimination rate constants for metal NPs in the metabolically active/ detoxified ...

Ni Su, and Jin-zhou Du, and Tao Ji, and Jing Zhang

Material fluxes (e.g., nutrients) from coastal waters to offshore areas play an important role in controlling the water quality of the adjacent sea areas not only by increasing nutrient concentration but also by changing nutrient structures. In this study, naturally occurring isotopes, 226Ra and 228Ra, were measured with the alpha spectrometry in the Wenjiao-Wenchang and Wanquan estuaries and adjacent sea areas along the east coast of Hainan Island. The excess 226Ra and 228Ra activities were obs...

Enrique eZozaya-Valdés, and Alexandra J. Roth-Schulze, and Torsten eThomas

In recent years there has been an increase in the rate and severity of diseases affecting habitat-forming marine organisms, such as corals, sponges and macroalgae. Delisea pulchra is a temperate red macroalga that suffers from a bleaching disease that is more frequent during summer, when seawater temperatures are elevated and the alga’s chemical defense is weakened. A bacterial cause for the disease is implied by previous studies showing that some isolated strains can cause bleaching in vitro an...

Karim Erzini, and Jorge M.S. Gonçalves, and Luís Bentes, and Pedro G. Lino, and Joaquim Ribeiro, and Konstantinos I. Stergiou

Fishing trials with monofilament gill nets and longlines using small hooks were carried out in Algarve waters (southern Portugal) over a one-year period. Four hook sizes of "Mustad" brand, round bent, flatted sea hooks (Quality 2316 DT, numbers 15, 13, 12 and 11) and four mesh sizes of 25, 30, 35 and 40 mm (bar length) monofilament gill nets were used. Commercially valuable sea breams dominated the longline catches while small pelagics were relatively more important in the gill nets. Significant...

Justine Toscan, and Brooke Manderson, and Selena M. Santi, and Paul Stolee

<strong>Introduction: </strong>Miscommunication and lack of coordination can compromise care quality and patient safety during transitions in care, especially for medically complex older adults. Little research has been done to investigate care transitions from the perspective of those receiving and providing care. <p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study explored multiple care transitions for an elderly hip fracture patient, post-surgery. Interviews and observations were conducted with the patie...

Marta eFerreira, and Joana eCosta, and Maria Armanda eReis-Henriques

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins were first recognized for their role in multidrug resistance (MDR) in chemotherapeutic treatments, which is a major impediment for the successful treatment of many forms of malignant tumors in humans. These proteins, highly conserved throughout vertebrate species, were later related to cellular detoxification and accounted as responsible for protecting aquatic organisms from xenobiotic insults in the so-called multixenobiotic resistance mechanism (MXR). In rec...

José Luis Fuentes Zambrano

Two new species monogenean, found in gills of marine fish from the north easter cost of Venezuela are described: Kannaphalus mochimae found in Acanthurus coeruleus (Acanthuridae) and Allopyragraphorus marinae found in Strongylura marina (Belonidae). K. mochimae differs from K. virilis Unnithan, 1957 in shaped and location of the genitals and number of clamps and testis(K. mochimae posses 69 to 76 and 15 - 20 respectively, while K. virilis has 33 at 46 and more than 100 respectively). On the orde...

S. G. Dobrovolski

Data on the South Atlantic monthly sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) are analysed using the maximum-entropy method. It is shown that the Markov first-order process can describe, to a first approximation, SSTA series. The region of maximum SSTA values coincides with the zone of maximum residual white noise values (sub-Antarctic hydrological front). The theory of dynamic-stochastic climate models is applied to estimate the variability of South Atlantic SSTA and air-sea interactions. T...

M. van Pinxteren, and H. Herrmann

An analytical method for the determination of the alpha dicarbonyls glyoxal (GLY) and methylglyoxal (MGLY) from seawater and marine aerosol particles is presented. The method is based on derivatization with o-(2,3,4,5,6-Pentafluorobenzyl)-hydroxylamine (PFBHA) reagent, solvent extraction and GC-MS (SIM) analysis. The method showed good precision (RSD < 10%), sensitivity (detection limits in the low ng L⁻¹ range), and accuracy (good agreement between external calibration and standard a...

Yong eZHANG, and Weidong eZhai

Both offshore oil-gas exploration and marine methane hydrate recovery can trigger massive CH4 release from seafloor. During upward transportation of CH4 plume through water column, CH4 is subjected to dissolution and microbial consumption despite the protection of hydrate and oil coating on bubbles surface. The ultimate CH4 degassing to the atmosphere appears to be water-depth dependent. In shallow oceans with water depth less than 100 m, the natural or human-induced leakages or both lead to sig...

Esra eGov, and Kazim Yalcin eArga

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Mohammad Hossein Mohamadi Ashnani, and Mahmood Nafisi Bahabadi, and Ali Movahed, and Elham Hasani, and Momhammad mehdi Mohamadi

Background: Sea fish oils are rich in n-3 fatty acids, these oils are useful in treatment of diseases. The majority of clinical health benefits of n-3 fatty acids belongs to Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). These two compounds are found only in fish tissue. The aim of this study was to use flaxseed oil as a precursor in the production of DHA and EPA in the Oncorhynchus mykiss tissues. Methods: Rainbow trout fishes with average weight of 6.150 ± 0.240 gr were stoked in ...

Yong Tian, and Lili Wan, and Chun-hung Chen, and Ye Yang

The paper introduces a computational model of airspace conflict risk in the hierarchy of performance-based navigation (PBN) airspace operation and combines it with air traffic controller (ATC) workload to propose a method for safety assessment of PBN airspace operational planning. Capacity probability distribution is employed to depict airspace capacity in uncertain weather, errors of deviating from nominal PBN track are taken into consideration, and the stochastic process based on Gaussian dist...

Małgorzata Szymczak-Żyła, and Magdalena Krajewska, and Aleksandra Winogradow, and Agata Zaborska, and Gijs D. Breedveld, and Grażyna Kowalewska

Eutrophication in two different coastal areas – the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic) and the Oslofjord/Drammensfjord (Norway) – both subject to human pressure and with restricted water exchange with adjacent seas, was investigated and compared. Sediment cores (up to 20 cm long) were collected at 12 stations using a core sampler, 6 in each of the two areas, and divided into sub-samples. The physicochemical parameters characterizing the adjacent water column and near-bottom water, i.e. salinity, o...

Ricardo González-Muñoz, and Nuno Simões, and José Luis Tello-Musi, and Estefanía Rodríguez

Seven sea anemone species from coral reefs in the southern Gulf of Mexico are taxonomically diagnosed and images from living specimens including external and internal features, and cnidae are provided. Furthermore, the known distribution ranges from another 10 species are extended. No species records of sea anemones have been previously published in the primary scientific literature for coral reefs in the southern Gulf of Mexico and thus, this study represents the first inventory for the local a...

Sri Jumini

In this This devotion has been done to provide education and training of the utilization of waste chicken manure, making flour chicken feathers as a fish feed alternative, that can overcome some of the problems that waste chicken feathers from the center cutting broiler chickens in the village Krasak enough, it causes pollution, and not used optimally; Low public awareness of awareness of environmental pollution; the lack of public knowledge about the utilization of waste chicken feathers, and p...

Mândrea Lucian, and Bădescu Viorel, and Militaru Gheorghe

As long as human activity requires much energy, a large amount of CO2 is produced. The World Meteorological Organization announced that in 2016 the CO2 concentrations in atmosphere reached a new record. This is the highest growth in the last 30 years, based on measurements performed in 51 countries. The growth concentration is with 50% higher than the mean level of the last 10 years. The level of the CO2 in the atmosphere is 100 times higher than at the end of the glacial era. This can cause une...

Kоstenko Аndrey, and Mikhaylov Аleksandr

Function-oriented technologies are one of the ways of the problem solving facing modern engineering to improve the quality of details. The general method consists of ten transitions having iterative relationship with each other.

Yang Dongfang, and Lin Dong, and Zhang Xiaolong, and Wang Qi, and Li Haixia

Many marine bays bave been polluted by Plumbum (Pb) due to the rapid development of industry and the swift increasing of economic, and therefore understanding the source and fate of Pb is essential to environmental remediation in marine bays. This paper analyzed the source and fate of Pb in Jiaozhou Bay, Shandong Province, eastern China in 1989. Results showed that Pb contents in surface waters in April, July and October 1989 were 5.56-12.59 μg L-1, 1.73-15.17 μg L-1 and 0.50-11.57 μg L-1, and t...

Peilei Feng, and Hesong Wu, and Mingsheng Zhang, and Wenkni Wan

Wind power generation is one of the most mature and most developed conditions for power generation in new energy generation technology.Large capacity and long distance offshore wind power is the trend of future wind power development.Wind power generation is one of the most mature and commercialized power generation methods in the field of renewable energy utilization.Due to the rich characteristics of offshore wind resources and the urgent need for offshore wind power development projects all o...

Qian GAO, and Hongwei YUE, and Zhenxin WANG, and Yajun JI, and Ximin LI

Back scattering of ocean surface is investigated by considering the foams coverage on its surface. Firstly, by adopting modified two-scale mode and the vector radiative transfer theory, zero and first order scattering coefficients are obtained by solving VRT equations. Then, MIE theory is used to get the scattering from foams, and fraction of foams coverage is analyzed by changing parameters of wind speed and temperature difference of ocean-air. Finally, the modified two-scale model and algorith...

Lauren Hill

Background. Nutrition support of the critically ill can positively affect clinical outcomes. International audit data of nutrition practices in intensive care units (ICUs) suggest that inconsistent application of recommended nutrition support practices (NSPs) occurs. There are no data on NSPs in South African (SA) ICUs. Objective. To perform a national pilot survey of NSPs in private SA adult ICUs. Methods. A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional survey was performed among prescribers of...