Yoshitaka Iso, and Hiroshi Suzuki, and Etsushi Kyuno, and Atsuo Maeda, and Fumiyoshi Tsunoda, and Ryo Miyazawa, and Hitoshi Kowaita, and Hitomi Kitai, and Tetsuya Takahashi, and Takeyuki Sambe

Rachel Dacks, and Tamara Ticktin, and Stacy D. Jupiter, and Alan Friedlander

Coral reefs sustain millions of people worldwide, yet in recent years, social, environmental, and climate change have caused major declines in coral reef fisheries. Small-scale coral reef fisheries research has largely focused on community-level drivers of fishing, ignoring the heterogeneities that exist within communities. We used social-ecological indicators from 20 coastal villages in Fiji to identify potential fine-scale, context-appropriate drivers of estimated household fish catch. Indicat...

F. Dupont, and S. Higginson, and R. Bourdallé-Badie, and Y. Lu, and F. Roy, and G. C. Smith, and J.-F. Lemieux, and G. Garric, and F. Davidson

As part of the CONCEPTS (Canadian Operational Network of Coupled Environmental PredicTion Systems) initiative, a high-resolution (1/12°) ice–ocean regional model is developed covering the North Atlantic and the Arctic oceans. The long-term objective is to provide Canada with short-term ice–ocean predictions and hazard warnings in ice-infested regions. To evaluate the modelling component (as opposed to the analysis – or data-assimilation – component, which is not covered in this contribution), a ...

P Ravi Shankar, and Arun K Dubey, and Atanu Nandy, and Burton L Herz, and Brian W Little

Introduction: Rural residents of the United States (US) and Canada face problems in accessing healthcare. International medical graduates (IMGs) play an important role in delivering rural healthcare. IMGs from Caribbean medical schools have the highest proportion of physicians in primary care.  Xavier University School of Medicines admits students from the US, Canada and other countries to the undergraduate medical (MD) course and also offers a premedical program. The present study was conducted...

Eunseok Kim, and So Yun Kim, and Hye Su Kim, and Jeong Kyo Jeong, and So-Young Jung, and Chang-Hyun Han, and Young-Il Kim

Background: Acupotomy aims to reduce pressure on the nerve, improve surrounding blood circulation, and recover the kinetic state of soft tissue in treating lumbar disc herniation. Although several previous studies have suggested the potential use and substantial benefits of acupotomy, there is still insufficient evidence regarding this technique. This trial is designed to determine if acupotomy is more effective than manual acupuncture in improving low back pain and/or leg pain, disability, lumb...

Mingjian Zhu, and Xuesong Xi, and Thomas Scott Hoctor, and Michael Volk

Biodiversity conservation requires strategic investment as resources for conservation are often limited. As sea level rises, it is important and necessary to consider both sea level rise and costs in conservation decision making. In this study, we consider costs of conservation in an integrated modeling process that incorporates a geomorphological model (SLAMM), species habitat models, and conservation prioritization (Zonation) to identify conservation priorities in the face of landscape dynamic...

Artūras Skabeikis, and Artūras Skabeikis

The round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is a very successful invasive fish species, which was unintentionally introduced to the central Baltic Sea (Gulf of Gdansk) in 1990. Several years later after initial introduction round goby established a viable population, highly increased in abundance and expanded to the south-eastern and northern Baltic Sea coastal waters, becoming a key component of benthic ichthyofauna in invaded areas. To evaluate a potential threat of round goby to the coastal zoobe...

P. M. F. Sheehan, and B. Berx, and A. Gallego, and R. A. Hall, and K. J. Heywood, and S. L. Hughes, and B. Y. Queste

Tides and tidal mixing fronts are of fundamental importance to understanding shelf sea dynamics and ecosystems. Ocean gliders enable the observation of fronts and tide-dominated flows at high resolution. We use dive-average currents from a 2-month (12 October–2 December 2013) glider deployment along a zonal hydrographic section in the north-western North Sea to accurately determine <i>M</i>² and <i>S</i>² tidal velocities. The results of the glider-based method agree w...

D. A. Lipson, and D. Zona, and T. K. Raab, and F. Bozzolo, and M. Mauritz, and W. C. Oechel

Drained thaw lake basins (DTLB's) are the dominant land form of the Arctic Coastal Plain in northern Alaska. The presence of continuous permafrost prevents drainage and so water tables generally remain close to the soil surface, creating saturated, suboxic soil conditions. However, ice wedge polygons produce microtopographic variation in these landscapes, with raised areas such as polygon rims creating more oxic microenvironments. The peat soils in this ecosystem store large amounts of organic c...

J. M.M. Nogueira, and T. M. Steiner, and A. C.Z. Amaral

Two new species of Eunice from coastal islands of the state of São Paulo are described, both of them living in colonies of the coral Mussismilia hispida. One species was also collected from a sandy beach. Eunice insularis has short palps and antennae in a horseshoe, without articulations; most of the specimens studied are abranchiate, but some have one branchial filament in a few parapodia. Eunice marconii also has palps and antennae without articulations, in a horseshoe, and 1-3 long slender br...

Jason E. Tanner, and Kane Williams

The influence of sea-cage aquaculture on wildfish assemblages has received little attention outside of Europe. Sea-cage aquaculture of finfish is a major focus in South Australia, and while the main species farmed is southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii), there is also an important yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) industry. Yellowtail kingfish aquaculture did not appear to have any local or regional effects on demersal assemblages (primarily fish, but also some crustaceans) surveyed by b...

C. Rödenbeck, and D. C. E. Bakker, and N. Gruber, and Y. Iida, and A. R. Jacobson, and S. Jones, and P. Landschützer, and N. Metzl, and S. Nakaoka, and A. Olsen, and G.-H. Park, and P. Peylin, and K. B. Rodgers, and T. P. Sasse, and U. Schuster, and J. D. Shutler, and V. Valsala, and R. Wanninkhof, and J. Zeng

Using measurements of the surface-ocean CO₂ partial pressure (<i>p</i>CO₂) and 14 different <i>p</i>CO₂ mapping methods recently collated by the Surface Ocean <i>p</i>CO₂ Mapping intercomparison (SOCOM) initiative, variations in regional and global sea–air CO₂ fluxes are investigated. Though the available mapping methods use widely different approaches, we find relatively consistent estimates of regional <i>p</i>CO₂ seasonality, i...

Massimiliano Drago, and Luís Cardona, and Enrique A. Crespo, and Néstor García, and Santiago Ameghino, and Alex Aguilar

This study tests the hypothesis that female South American sea lions shift from off-shore, pelagic prey to coastal, benthic prey after parturition in order to reduce the foraging trip duration and hence the time pups remain unattended on the beach during early lactation. The δ13C and δ15N values of the serum and blood cells of 26 South American sea lion suckling pups from northern Patagonia were used to track the dietary changes of their mothers from late pregnancy to early lactation, after co...

DANIELE N. CORRÊA, and FERNANDO M. QUINTELA, and DANIEL LOEBMANN

ABSTRACT The snakes Erythrolamprus jaegeri jaegeri and Erythrolamprus poecilogyrus sublineatus are sympatric and syntopic in the coastal region of southern Brazil. Herein, we analyzed the diet composition to evaluate the niche breadth and the prey selection by both species. We examined 192 specimens, and analysis of stomach contents revealed that both species predominantly consume anurans. However, the diet of E. j. jaegeri consists mainly of fish and amphibians, whereas that of E. p. sublineatu...

Kundu Biswanath, and Sinha Mithlesh, and Mitra Santanu, and Basu Debabrata

<b>Purpose: </b> Orbital implants are used as fillers following enucleation or evisceration surgeries to replace the lost volume for better cosmesis and motility of the artificial eye. Over the last decade porous hydroxyapatite (HAp) implants derived from the naturally occurring corals, are increasingly used. Recently synthetic HAp-based implants have been introduced. After fibrovasculrisation they have the added advantage of being directly integrated with the artificial shell, thereby increasin...

Aurelio Licata, and Silvestro Martella, and Eugenia Rita Lauriano, and Maria Pia Albanese, and Concetta Calabrò

Histochemical and immunohistochemical study was carried out on nitrinergic innervation and neuroendocrine system in the gill epithelium of the abyssal fish <i>Coelorhynchus coelorhynchus</i>. The results showed that nNOS-positive nerve fibers, originating from the branchial arch were present in the subepithelial tissue of branchial primary filament. nNOS-positive neuroendocrine cells were also present in the primary filaments and secondary lamellae. Numerous mucous cells in the gill epithelium w...

Denise A. Chin, and Dale F.S. Webber, and Mona K. Webber

Foul and Folly Bays are located within the Morant Wetlands near the eastern tip of Jamaica. They have never been investigated but were believed to be important for larval productivity because of the extent of benthic habitats, absence of major coastal developments and remote location. The study was aimed at providing baseline data on the spatial distribution and status of corals and associated benthos. We investigated coral reefs and associated areas with phototransects at eight stations analyse...

Raúl Navas-Camacho, and Diego Luis Gil-Agudelo, and Alberto Rodríguez-Ramírez, and María Catalina Reyes-Nivia, and Jaime Garzón-Ferreira

Since 1998 the National Monitoring System for the Coral Reefs of Colombia (SIMAC) has monitored the occurrence of coral bleaching and diseases in some Colombian coral reefs (permanent stations at San Andres Island, Rosario Islands, Tayrona, San Bernardo Islands and Urabá). The main purpose is to evaluate their health status and to understand the factors that have been contributing to their decline. To estimate these occurrences, annual surveys in 126 permanent belt transects (10x2m) with differe...

Rubens M. Lopes, and Rosinei do Vale, and Frederico P. Brandini

A estrutura das associações zooplanctônicas do complexo estuarino de Paranaguá foi estudada no inverno de 1993 e no verão de 1994. Copépodes dos gêneros Acartia, Paracalanus, Parvocalanus, Temora, Pseudodiaptomus, Oithona e Euterpina foram dominantes, atingindo até cerca de 90% da densidade total. A única espécie que ocorreu preferencialmente em salinidades inferiores a 15 foi o calanóide Pseudodiaptomus richardi, que representa o principal componente do holoplncton nos setores oligohalinos. Aca...

Ernest Faninger

Madhav G Deo, and Prakash V Pawar

Background & objectives: In a routine community health survey conducted in adult Adivasis of the costal Maharashtra, microcytosis and hyprochromia were observed in more than 80 per cent of both males and females having normal haemoglobin levels suggesting the possibility of α-thalassaemia in these communities. We conducted a study in Adivasi students in the same region to find out the magnitude of α-thalessaemia. Methods: The participants (28 girls and 23 boys) were 14-17 yr old studying in a t...

Bhavna Daswani, and Shubhangi Gavali, and Meena Desai, and Anushree Patil, and M Ikram Khatkhatay

Background & objectives: Phosphorylated heat shock protein 27 (pHSP27) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines, which are known to be involved in aetiology of osteoporosis, can trigger HSP27 phosphorylation. Since pHSP27 is present in circulation, it was hypothesized that serum pHSP27 would be elevated in low bone mineral density (BMD) condition and might serve as an indicator of osteoporosis/osteopenia. Hence, the aim of this study...

Mishra Seema, and Bhatnagar Sushma, and Jha Rajeev

<b>Aim: </b> To evaluate the efficacy of calcitonin in controlling metastatic bone pain.<b> Materials and methods: </b> Patients with bone metastases, with a numerical pain score greater than 4 wererandomized to receive calcitonin 200 IU subcutaneously 6 hourly for 48 hours (n= 10) or normal saline placebo (n = 10) . The parameters measured were the 11-point numerical pain score, ECOG functional capacity score, morphine consumption in 24 hours, duration of pain in 24 hours and subjective assessm...

W. Anderson, and A. Gnanadesikan, and A. Wittenberg

The role of the penetration length scale of shortwave radiation into the surface ocean and its impact on tropical Pacific variability is investigated with a fully coupled ocean, atmosphere, land and ice model. Previous work has shown that removal of all ocean color results in a system that tends strongly towards an El Niño state. Results from a suite of surface chlorophyll perturbation experiments show that the mean state and variability of the tropical Pacific is highly sensitive to the concent...

Adriano Sanches Melo, and Fabiana Schneck, and Luiz Ubiratan Hepp, and Nadson Ressyé Simões, and Tadeu Siqueira, and Luis Mauricio Bini

Ecologists usually estimate means, but devote much less attention to variation. The study of variation is a key aspect to understand natural systems and to make predictions regarding them. In community ecology, most studies focus on local species diversity (alpha diversity), but only in recent decades have ecologists devoted proper attention to variation in community composition among sites (beta diversity). This is in spite of the fact that the first attempts to estimate beta diversity date bac...

Luis F. Carvalho-Costa, and Terumi Hatanaka, and Pedro M. Galetti Jr.

Curimbatá-pióa (Prochilodus costatus Valenciennes, 1850) is an endemic species from the São Francisco River Basin with migratory habits, important ecological role in the ecosystem and relevant fishing importance. The present study aimed to assess the genetic variation in P. costatus in order to investigate its population genetic structure. Genetic variation was studied at three sites downstream the Três Marias dam (Upper-middle São Francisco River, State of Minas Gerais) through six specific mic...

N. Serra, and I. Ambar, and D. Boutov

The generation of dipolar eddies within the Mediterranean Water (MW) layers, at the Portuguese continental slope, was observed using subsurface RAFOS floats. The surface expression of these mid-depth dipoles is here characterized with remote sensing data, namely with sea surface temperature, chlorophyll concentration and sea surface height measurements. Two cases are presented demonstrating the remote detection of these underwater structures in the Gulf of Cadiz during 1998 and 2001. The presenc...

Raúl Navas-Camacho, and Alberto Rodríguez-Ramírez, and MaríaCatalina Reyes-Nivia

The National Monitoring System for Coral Reefs of Colombia (SIMAC) monitors the impact of some of the most important agents of coral tissue loss (bleaching and/or disease) in the Colombian Pacific coral formations since 1998. Physiological bleaching is among the main results of stress in the area. Signs of coral diseases resembling bacterial bleaching such as White Plague and White Band, were observed in Malpelo and Gorgona islands. Damage to the Pacific gorgonian Pacifigorgia spp., similar to t...

Ma. del Carmen Flores-Miranda, and Antonio Luna-González, and Ángel I Campa Córdova, and Jesús A Fierro-Coronado, and Blanca O Partida-Arangure, and José Pintado, and Héctor A González-Ocampo

Infectious diseases especially those caused by bacterial and viral pathogens are serious loss factors in shrimp farming. In this study, bacteria were isolated from the gut and hepatopancreas of stressed shrimps obtained from a commercial farm. The isolates were screened on Thiosulfate citrate bile salt sucrose (TCBS) agar plates for the selection of Vibrio species. Presumptive vibrios were characterized through tests for hemolytic and enzymatic activity, hydrophobicity, growth and molecular iden...

Luís Conceição, and Sofia Morais, and Cláudia Aragão

Um modelo mecanístico que simule o crescimento durante a fase larvar de peixes deverá contribuir para um melhor conhecimento do processo de crescimento e respectivo metabolismo, com a intenção de elucidar as suas necessidades alimentares e desenvolver estratégias de alimentação adequadas. O modelo desenvolvido simula o crescimento e a evolução da composição bioquímica das larvas ao longo do tempo. O modelo depende essencialmente do consumo de alimento, sendo os nutrientes absorvidos usados para ...

A.L. Cavenaghi, and E.D. Velini, and M.L.B.T. Galo, and F.T. Carvalho, and E. Negrisoli, and M.L.B. Trindade, and J.L.A. Simionato

Este trabalho é parte integrante de um projeto de pesquisa que tem por objetivo o desenvolvimento de programas de manejo integrado de plantas aquáticas em cinco reservatórios da bacia do rio Tietê, usados na produção de energia elétrica. A ocorrência de plantas aquáticas foi correlacionada com a qualidade da água e do sedimento. Amostragens de água e sedimento e levantamento de plantas foram realizados em junho de 2001 (estação seca), outubro/novembro de 2001 (início da estação chuvosa) e fevere...

Vidal Haddad Junior

INTRODUCTION: Injuries caused by sea urchins are the most common caused by marine animals in humans in Brazil, with the black sea urchin (Echinometra lucunter) causing the most injuries to bathers. METHODS: This study observed 314 human wounds with emphasis on the early observation of clinical signs and symptoms and their implications on the recommended treatment. RESULTS: All the injuries were caused by black sea urchins and were observed in bathers. The lesions and the pain were associated wit...

Li CH, and Liu CK, and Yang YH, and Chou MC, and Chen CH, and Lai CL

Chien-Hsun Li,1&ndash;3 Ching-Kuan Liu,2,3 Yuan-Han Yang,2&ndash;4 Mei-Chuan Chou,2,4 Chun-Hung Chen,2 Chiou-Lian Lai2,3 1Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 2Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 3Department of and Master&rsquo;s Program in Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 4Department of Neurology, Kaohs...

Daisuke Ito, and Michael Childress, and Nicola Mason, and Amber Winter, and Timothy O’Brien, and Michael Henson, and Antonella Borgatti, and Mitzi Lewellen, and Erika Krick, and Jane Stewart, and Sarah Lahrman, and Bartek Rajwa, and Milcah C Scott, and Davis Seelig, and Joseph Koopmeiners, and Stephan Ruetz, and Jaime Modiano

We previously described a population of lymphoid progenitor cells (LPCs) in canine B-cell lymphoma defined by retention of the early progenitor markers CD34 and CD117 and “slow proliferation” molecular signatures that persist in the xenotransplantation setting. We examined whether valspodar, a selective inhibitor of the ATP binding cassette B1 transporter (ABCB1, a.k.a., p-glycoprotein/multidrug resistance protein-1) used in the neoadjuvant setting would sensitize LPCs to doxorubicin and extend ...

U.G. Abhjna

Multivariate statistical techniques such as cluster analysis, multidimensional scaling and principal component analysis were applied to evaluate the temporal and spatial variations in water quality data set generated for two years (2008-2010) from six monitoring stations of Veli-Akkulam Lake and compared with a regional reference lake Vellayani of south India. Seasonal variations of 14 different physicochemical parameters analyzed were as follows: pH (6.42-7.48), water temperature (26.0-31.28°C)...

E. Watanabe, and J. Onodera, and N. Harada, and M. N. Aita, and A. Ishida, and M. J. Kishi

Seasonal and interannual variability in the biogenic particle sinking flux was recorded using multi-year bottom-tethered sediment trap mooring systems in the Northwind Abyssal Plain (Station NAP: 75° N, 162° W, 1975 m water depth) of the western Arctic Chukchi Borderland. Trapped particle flux at a median depth of 184 m had an obvious peak and dominance of sea ice-related diatom assemblages in August 2011. The observed particle flux was considerably suppressed throughout summer 2012. In the pres...

Seyedali Sadeghi, and Cassidy Newman, and Daniel H. Cortes

Long-distance running competitions impose a large amount of mechanical loading and strain leading to muscle edema and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Damage to various muscle fibers, metabolic impairments and fatigue have been linked to explain how DOMS impairs muscle function. Disruptions of muscle fiber during DOMS exacerbated by exercise have been shown to change muscle mechanical properties. The objective of this study is to quantify changes in mechanical properties of different muscle...

A. Nicolae Lerma, and T. Bulteau, and S. Elineau, and S. Elineau, and F. Paris, and P. Durand, and B. Anselme, and R. Pedreros

A modelling chain was implemented in order to propose a realistic appraisal of the risk in coastal areas affected by overflowing as well as overtopping processes. Simulations are performed through a nested downscaling strategy from regional to local scale at high spatial resolution with explicit buildings, urban structures such as sea front walls and hydraulic structures liable to affect the propagation of water in urban areas. Validation of the model performance is based on hard and soft ...

Thomas eKantermann, and Thomas eKantermann, and Andreas eMeisel, and Andreas eMeisel, and Katharina eFitzthum, and Katharina eFitzthum, and Thomas ePenzel, and Ingo eFietze, and Lena eUlm, and Lena eUlm, and Lena eUlm

This study aimed to elucidate associations between stroke onset and severity as well as chronotype (phase of entrainment) and internal time of stroke. Fifty-six first-ever ischemic stroke patients participated in a cross-sectional study assessing chronotype (mid-sleep on work-free days corrected for sleep deficit on workdays; MSFsc) by applying the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ). The MCTQ was completed twice, on average 68 ± 24 (SD) days post stroke and retrospectively for the time befor...

David G. Delaney, and Lida T. Teneva, and Kostantinos A. Stamoulis, and Jonatha L. Giddens, and Haruko Koike, and Tom Ogawa, and Alan M. Friedlander, and John N. Kittinger

Sustainable fisheries management is key to restoring and maintaining ecological function and benefits to people, but it requires accurate information about patterns of resource use, particularly fishing pressure. In most coral reef fisheries and other data-poor contexts, obtaining such information is challenging and remains an impediment to effective management. We developed the most comprehensive regional view of shore-based fishing effort and catch published to date, to show detailed fishing p...

Simon F. Thrush, and Nick Lewis, and Richard Le Heron, and Karen T. Fisher, and Carolyn J. Lundquist, and Judi Hewitt

On an increasingly populated planet, with decreasing biodiversity and limited new opportunities to tap unexploited natural resources, there is a clear need to adjust aspects of marine management and governance. Although sectarian management has succeeded in addressing and managing some important threats to marine ecosystems, unintended consequences are often associated with overlooking nonlinear interactions and cumulative impacts that increase the risk of surprises in social-ecological systems....

Svetlana Kurbatova, and Nina Lapteva, and Svetlana Bykova, and Igor Yershov, and Yelena Borisovskaya

Aquatic plants have a major influence upon other aquatic organisms, by altering both water chemistry and spatial structure of the habitat in shallow water bodies. Some of them, such as Stratiotes aloides L., may suppress algal growth. But how aquatic plants would ultimately influence the heterotrophic community and the aquatic ecosystem as a whole is far from clear. Our microcosm-based study demonstrated that even a modest density of S. aloides caused a decline in phytoplankton chlorophyll conce...

Sasha Gabrielle Tetu, and Daniel Aaron Johnson, and Deepa R Varkey, and Katherine ePhillippy, and Rhona K Stuart, and Chris eDupont, and Karl A Hassan, and Brian ePalenik, and Ian T Paulsen

Marine microorganisms, particularly those residing in coastal areas, may come in contact with any number of chemicals of environmental or xenobiotic origin. The sensitivity and response of marine cyanobacteria to such chemicals is, at present, poorly understood. We have looked at the transcriptional response of well characterised Synechococcus open ocean (WH8102) and coastal (CC9311) isolates to two DNA damaging agents, mitomycin C and ethidium bromide, using whole-genome expression microarrays....

Mohammad Hasan Gerami, and Rasool Ghorbani, and Seyed Yousof Paighambari, and Mohammad Momeni

This study aimed to investigate the spawning season, length at first maturity (LM50) and sex ratio of Metapenaeus affinis in the shrimp fishing grounds of Hormozgan Province, west of the Persian Gulf, Iran. Samples were taken by the swept area method and Trawl net with 2 cm mesh size in the cod end from January 2010 to February 2011. Results showed that the sex ratio deviated from 1:1 and female’s number were significantly higher than males. Metapenaeus affinis females had continuous spawning in...

Abigail E. Noble, and Abigail E. Noble, and Mak A. Saito, and Dawn Michelle Moran, and Andrew eAllen

Dissolved and particulate metal concentrations are reported from three sites beneath and at the base of the McMurdo Sound seasonal sea ice in the Ross Sea of Antarctica. This dataset provided insight into Co and Mn biogeochemistry, supporting a previous hypothesis for water column mixing occurring faster than scavenging. Three observations support this: first, Mn-containing particles with Mn/Al ratios in excess of the sediment were present in the water column, implying the presence of bacterial ...

Séverine Fourdrilis, and Patrick Mardulyn, and Olivier J. Hardy, and Kurt Jordaens, and António Manuel de Frias Martins, and Thierry Backeljau

We report the presence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) hyperdiversity in the marine periwinkle Melarhaphe neritoides (Linnaeus, 1758), the first such case among marine gastropods. Our dataset consisted of concatenated 16S-COI-Cytb gene fragments. We used Bayesian analyses to investigate three putative causes underlying genetic variation, and estimated the mtDNA mutation rate, possible signatures of selection and the effective population size of the species in the Azores archipelago. The mtDNA hyper...

Petter H Kvadsheim, and Patrick J.O Miller, and Peter L Tyack, and Peter L Tyack, and Lise L.D. Sivle, and Frans-Peter A Lam, and Andreas eFahlman, and Andreas eFahlman

Naval sonar has been accused of causing whale stranding by a mechanism which involves formation of tissue N2 gas bubbles. Increased tissue and blood N2 levels, and thereby increased decompression sickness (DCS) risk, is thought to result from changes in behavior or physiological responses during diving. Previous theoretical studies have used hypothetical sonar-induced changes in both behavior and physiology to model blood and tissue N2 tension (PN2), but this is the first attempt to estimate the...

Isabela Pereira de Oliveira, and Adevair Henrique da Fonseca, and Andrea kill Silveira, and Maria Hilde de Barros Goes, and Jorge Xavier da Silva, and Maria Julia Salim Pereira

<p class="Pa7">The goal of the present study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil according to the favorability of occurrence. The Vista-SAGA Geo-environmental Analysis System (<em>Sistema de Análise Geoambiental Vista</em>-SAGA) was used to create a database (theme maps) and perform environmental analyses, signatures and combinations. The degrees of likelihood were obtained by evaluating soil use and plant...

T. Maldonado, and T. Maldonado, and T. Maldonado, and A. Rutgersson, and E. Alfaro, and E. Alfaro, and E. Alfaro, and J. Amador, and J. Amador, and B. Claremar

The midsummer drought (MSD) in Central America is characterised in order to create annual indexes representing the timing of its phases (start, minimum and end), and other features relevant for MSD forecasting such as the intensity and the magnitude. The MSD intensity is defined as the minimum rainfall detected during the MSD, meanwhile the magnitude is the total precipitation divided by the total days between the start and end of the MSD. It is shown that the MSD extends along the Pacific...

Y. G. Savvidis, and C. G. Koutitas, and Y. N. Krestenitis

The research objective is the detection of the mechanism of the water mass exchange through a navigational channel connecting two adjacent coastal basins. The research involves the application of a mathematical model in parallel to in-situ measurements. The hydrodynamic circulation in the greater area of the NW Aegean Sea is modeled by means of a barotropic circulation model. Wind, Coriolis and Tide are the main forcings taken into account. The flow through the channel is resolved at a sub...