Nurin Dureh, and Chamnein Choonpradub, and Phattrawan Tongkumchum

This paper introduces an alternative method for solving a problem of non-convergence in logistic regression. The method does not require any special software to be developed. It simply involves modifying the data by replacing the zero count by 1 and doubling a corresponding non-zero count. The method is compared with that based on penalized likelihood suggested by Firth. Results show that the data modification method provides statistical significance of associations similar to Firth’s method...

Milos S. Matejic, and Ruzica R. Nikolic

<p>Ship winches are one of the most important parts of the ship equipment since they perform the most responsible tasks on various ships. In the majority of cases, the ship winches are welded structures. All the necessary calculations according to required standards, that have to be done prior to actual execution of the structure, should also include the verification by the finite elements method. For the high reliability requirements to be met, the welded joints integrity of all the parts must ...

Agustina Undabarrena, and Juan A. Ugalde, and Michael Seeger, and Beatriz Cámara

Streptomyces sp. H-KF8 is an actinobacterial strain isolated from marine sediments of a Chilean Patagonian fjord. Morphological characterization together with antibacterial activity was assessed in various culture media, revealing a carbon-source dependent activity mainly against Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and L. monocytogenes). Genome mining of this antibacterial-producing bacterium revealed the presence of 26 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) for secondary metabolites, where among them,...

Christopher N.S. Poonian, and Reynante V. Ramilo, and Danica D. Lopez

All of the world’s seven species of marine turtle are threatened by a multitude of anthropogenic pressures across all stages of their life history. The Calamian Islands, Palawan, Philippines provide important foraging and nesting grounds for four species: green turtles (Chelonia mydas), hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata), loggerheads (Caretta caretta), and leatherbacks (Dermochelys coriacea). This work aimed to assess the relative importance of turtle nesting beaches and local threats us...

Karina Sałek, and Tony Gutierrez

Surface-active agents are amphiphilic chemicals that are used in almost every sector of modern industry, the bulk of which are produced by organo-chemical synthesis. Those produced from biological sources (biosurfactants and bioemulsifiers), however, have gained increasing interest in recent years due to their wide structural and functional diversity, lower toxicities and high biodegradability, compared to their chemically-synthesised counterparts. This review aims to present a general overview ...

Shaju P Jacob, and Sonia Nath, and R M Zade

Context: Periodontitis is a potential risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes due to the presence of a subgingival load of pathogenic bacteria. Instrumentation of periodontal pockets during treatment may result in bacteremia and/or endotoxemia. Aims: The aim of this pilot clinical trial was to determine the immediate post-scaling and root planing (SRP) level of circulating endotoxin in females presenting with chronic periodontitis. Settings and Design: A before-and-after pilot clinical tria...

J. J. Middelburg, and C. H. R. Heip, and J. Peene, and F. Peene, and C. Dawber, and A. E. Pronker, and J.-P. Gattuso, and F. Gazeau

Several experiments have shown a decrease of growth and calcification of organisms at decreased pH levels. There is a growing interest to focus on early life stages that are believed to be more sensitive to environmental disturbances such as hypercapnia. Here, we present experimental data, acquired in a commercial hatchery, demonstrating that the growth of planktonic mussel (<i>Mytilus edulis</i>) larvae is significantly affected by a decrease of pH to a level expected for the end of the century...

S.R. Marchi, and E.D. Velini, and E. Negrisoli, and M.R. Corrêa

Dois estudos foram conduzidos com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de chama no controle de Eichhornia crassipes, Brachiaria subquadripara, Pistia stratiotes e Salvinia auriculata. No primeiro estudo foram utilizadas diferentes doses de chama, representadas pela quantidade de gás consumida durante a aplicação, e, no segundo, usaramse duas aplicações de chama em intervalo de 14 dias, uma aplicação seqüencial (intervalo de sete dias) e aplicação única. As diferentes doses, tanto no pri...

Margarida Lima Carvalho, and Claudio Oliveira, and Maria Clara Navarrete, and Otávio Froehlich, and Fausto Foresti

In the present study, nuclear DNA content was analyzed in 53 species of Characiformes fish from the Neotropical region. Diploid number ranged from 2n = 48 in Astyanax fasciatus, Gymnocorymbus ternetzi and Hyphessobrycon griemi to 2n = 102 in Potamorhina squamoralevis, with a modal number of 54 chromosomes. Nuclear DNA content ranged from 1.70 ± 0.04 pg of DNA per diploid nucleus in Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro to 3.94 ± 0.09 pg in Tetragonopterus chalceus. A general analysis showed a mean value of...

Zhang Huoming, and Arellano Shawn M, and Wong Yue, and Ravasi Timothy, and Qian Pei-Yuan

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Metamorphosis in the bryozoan <it>Bugula neritina </it>(Linne) includes an initial phase of rapid morphological rearrangement followed by a gradual phase of morphogenesis. We hypothesized that the first phase may be independent of <it>de novo </it>synthesis of proteins and, instead, involves post-translational modifications of existing proteins, providing a simple mechanism to quickly initiate metamorphosis. To test our hypothesis, we challenged <it>B. neriti...

Mitchell James B, and Altemus Rosemary M, and Smith Sharon, and Augustine Elizabeth, and Gerber Lynn, and Soule Benjamin P, and Simone Nicole L, and Camphausen Kevin A

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Fibrosis is a common side effect after treatment with ionizing radiation. Several methods to ameliorate debilitating fibrosis have been employed but without consistent results. The goal of this pilot study is to determine if Pirfenidone, a novel regulator of cytokine gene expression, has the potential to ameliorate established radiation-induced fibrosis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Open label, prospective pilot study of 800 mg three times/day, orally administered P...

Vassallo José, and Gilli Simone CO, and Almeida Maria T, and Barbeiro Aristóteles S, and Honma Helen N, and Perroud Maurício W, and Saad Sara TO, and Zambon Lair

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Overall therapeutic outcomes of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are poor. The dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy has been developed as a new strategy for the treatment of lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety and immunologic responses in use in mature, antigen-pulsed autologous DC vaccine in NSCLC patients.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Five HLA-A2 patients with inoperable stage III or IV NSCLC were selected to rece...

Ali A-F. A. Gab-Alla

<i>Ecteinascidia thurstoni</i> is a colonial sea squirt. It has a seasonal rhythm and a tropicaland subtropical distribution; it is usually present during the summer months.It synthesizes a group of molecules called ecteinascidins. One of these is ET-743, a compound that has a most original anti-tumoral activity and is today considered to be one of the most promising substances effective against various solid-type tumors (currently sold under the trade name of Yondelis for the treatment of sarco...

R. L. Sriver, and M. Huber, and L. Chafik

Tropical cyclones (TCs) actively contribute to the dynamics of Earth's coupled climate system. They influence oceanic mixing rates, upper-ocean heat content, and air–sea fluxes, with implications for atmosphere and ocean dynamics on multiple spatial and temporal scales. Using an ocean general circulation model with modified surface wind forcing, we explore how TC winds can excite equatorial ocean waves in the tropical Pacific. We highlight a situation where three successive TCs in the western No...

Suwat Tanyaros

The characteristics of the water consisting of several parameters in the surrounding area of Muk Island were examined. Reference surface water was also concurrently sampled at stations located outside the recreational area stations. Relative modifications (RM) in the recreational area stations water quality were assessed as the difference between the magnitude of a specific parameter recorded at the recreational area stations and the concurrently recorded value of the parameter at the reference ...

Boban Milošević

U ovom radu obrađuje se problem raseljavanja materijalnih sredstava i njihov razmeštaj na lokacijama, kao i mogućnost funkcionisanja elemenata sistema logističke podrške. U radu se određuje pojam raseljavanja. Opisan je način organizacije i tehnologije raseljavanja, gde se javlja potreba za optimizacijom različitih tereta i transportnih sredstava, kao i planiranje raseljavanja. Za tehnološke zahteve, koji se javljaju pri raseljavanju prikazan je način dimenzionisanja tehnoloških elemenata koji z...

Cristian Araneda, and Nelson F. Díaz, and Gilda Gomez, and María Eugenia López, and Patricia Iturra

Spawning time in salmonids is a sex-limited quantitative trait that can be modified by selection. In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), various quantitative trait loci (QTL) that affect the expression of this trait have been discovered. In this study, we describe four microsatellite loci associated with two possible spawning time QTL regions in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). The four loci were identified in females from two populations (early and late spawners) produced by divergent selec...

J. D. Halla, and J. McCourt, and D. Majonis, and P. Wojtal, and R. McLaren, and J. Brook

Nighttime chemistry in polluted regions is dominated by the nitrate radical (NO₃) including its direct reaction with natural and anthropogenic hydrocarbons, its reaction with NO₂ to form N₂O₅, and subsequent reactions of N₂O₅ to form HNO₃ and chlorine containing photolabile species. We report nighttime measurements of NO₃, NO₂, and O₃, in the polluted marine boundary layer southwest of V...

Structured triglycerides (STs) containing both medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the same molecule offer nutritional and therapeutic benefits. The aim of this work was to establish the incorporation of MCFA into fish oil triglycerides (TAGs), while maintaining substantial levels of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids. The effects of different acyl donors (capric acid methyl ester/MeC10 or medium chain triglyceride/TCM) and of the catalyst (chemical ...

A. Ignacio Agudo-Padrón

Available knowledge of malacofauna (mollusc species) conservation in the territory of Santa Catarina State,SC, central Southern Brazil region, is shortly analyzed and discussed herein. Present data originate from theauthor's active participation in three recent regional unpublished events dealing with biodiversity conservationin the State, carried out to cope the sensitive lack of population studies which is the main difficulty to face inorder to provide accurate and detailed evaluations on biod...

MAZURAIS D., and DUCOURET B., and TUJAGUE M., and VALOTAIRE Y., and D'COTTA H., and GALLAIS C., and PRUNET P.

The regulation of the Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) transcript was investigated in the gills of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during the parr-smolt transformation. Sampling of parr and smolt fish was performed between December and July and in particular during the smoltification period occurring in spring. Quantification of GR transcripts revealed differences between the two groups in March and at the beginning of April. During these dates, the amounts of GR mRNA in parr gills were respe...

Juliana Herrera-Correal, and Emerson C Mossolin, and Ingo S Wehrtmann, and Fernando L Mantelatto

The caridean freshwater shrimp Atya scabra is a common resident of stream systems of tropical rainforests in America, including Brazilian drainages. This shrimp has an amphidromous life cycle, which increases its vulnerability when facing habitat fragmentation. Since information on the reproduction of this species is still limited, we present here data on egg production, egg loss, and energy investment, to achieve a better understanding of reproductive features of A. scabra. Specimens were colle...

Angélica María Sánchez-Sarmiento, and Franz Zirena Vilca, and Silmara Rossi, and Sergio Henrique Monteiro, and Luiz Américo da Silva do Vale, and Valdemar Luiz Tornisielo, and Eliana Reiko Matushima

Some Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) can pose numerous adverse effects on biota. Marine turtles face numerous threats, in particular those related to anthropogenic activities. Therefore, development and improvement methodologies for monitoring chemical compounds are a relevant task. In this work, we developed a methodology based on the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) extraction for detection of twelve OCPs, by gas chromatography with electron capture detector, in fat a...

Alfredo Laguarda-Figueras, and Francisco A. Solís-Marín

Holothuria (Cystipus) casoae n. sp. is described from the central-eastern Pacific, from depths between 45 and 100 m. The main characters separating H. (C.) casoae from the rest of the species included in the subgenus Cystipus are the presence of a prominent fringe of 10 or more conical papillae along each side of the body and the presence of tables with a spinose rim, the pillars of the spire are short ending in a complex spiny crown with a small central circular opening. This new species is dis...

Laura Wise, and Alexandra Silva, and Marisa Ferreira, and Mónica A. Silva, and Marina Sequeira

Marine mammal interactions with Portuguese purse-seine fisheries operating in four different ports (Figueira da Foz, Sesimbra, Setúbal, Sines) were studied (July-October 2003). Observers accompanied commercial fishing vessels and monitored 48 fishing trips. An interview survey of skippers was also carried out (n = 36). Three species of marine mammals were observed in 31 sightings during the commercials trips but only the species Delphinus delphis and the category Delphinidae were observed to int...

D. McCartney, and K. Langston, and B. Desbrow, and C. Irwin

Paulo Vasconcelos, and Susana Carvalho, and Margarida Castro, and Miguel B. Gaspar

The artisanal fishery for muricid gastropods in the Ria Formosa lagoon (Algarve coast, southern Portugal) is a locally important fishing activity because the banded murex (Hexaplex trunculus) and the purple dye murex (Bolinus brandaris) are greatly appreciated seafoods with high commercial value in the Portuguese seafood market. An integrated study was implemented to monitor the muricid gastropod fishery with the artisanal fishing gear (“wallet-line”) through monthly experimental fishing operati...

Manar Dawood Salman, and Mohammed K. Shebli, and Mohammed Jassim Obed Alfalahi, and Allaa M. Aenab, and S.K. Singh

The present study shows that the reason for isolation of Glossiphonia complanata from these aquatic plants was firstly founding of aquatic oligochaeta, snails and chironomidae that settled on aquatic plants as food. Secondly the aquatic plants itself represent favorable environment for growth and reproduction for G. complanata and as food for oligochaeta, chironomidae and snails. When the number of G. complanata increased the number of worms and snails decreased as observed. The aim of this stud...

Ignacio J. Melero-Jiménez, and A. Enrique Salvo, and José C. Báez, and Elena Bañares-España, and Andreas Reul, and Antonio Flores-Moya

The canopy-forming, intertidal brown (Phaeophyceae) seaweed Fucus guiryi is distributed along the cold-temperate and warm-temperate coasts of Europe and North Africa. Curiously, an isolated population develops at Punta Calaburras (Alboran Sea, Western Mediterranean) but thalli are not present in midsummer every year, unlike the closest (ca. 80 km), perennial populations at the Strait of Gibraltar. The persistence of the alga at Punta Calaburras could be due to the growth of resilient, microscopi...

Edison Saade, and Dody D Trijuno, and , Haryati, and , Zainuddin

<p class="BasicParagraph" align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="BasicParagraph" align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p class="Pa2">Seaweed meal has been used as ingredient, binding and thickening agent in the diet. The objective of this study was to examine the biological response of <em>Cyprinus carpio haematopterus </em>consumed several types of gel feed using <em>Euchema cottoni </em>as thickening agent. Four types of diets containing different level of moisture were used i.e...

Unnikrishnan B, and Rao P, and Kumar N, and Ganti S, and Prasad R, and Amarnath A, and Reshmi B, and Kaur V, and Kesharwani P, and Seetha M, and Nautiyal A, and Goel P, and Aggarwal P

BackgroundA blood transfusion is a life-saving procedure in manyinstances. An adequate supply of safe blood is ensured byexercising donor deferral criteria and screening forTransfusion Transmitted Infections (TTI). The aim of thispaper is to study the profile of blood donors and reasons fordonor deferral in coastal South India.MethodThe study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital inMangalore. All those who donated between 1 January 2008and 31 December 2008 were included in the study. Datawas...

Mariana Coutinho Hennemann, and Mauricio Mello Petrucio

AIM: the present study aimed at assessing the response of phytoplankton biomass (as chlorophyll-a) to simulated conditions of increased water temperature and phosphorus (P) inputs in Peri lagoon, a subtropical coastal lagoon dominated by Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii most of the year; METHODS: microcosm experiments were conducted in thermostatic light chambers during 3 and 7 days in austral summer, autumn and winter 2009. Control temperatures were tested against 3 and 5 °C rises in water temper...

Wang R.W., and Hartlieb A.

Nature-like fish migration facilities have gradually become a common type to ensure longitudinal connectivity of fish movements in running waters. This article presents verification on hydraulic and geometric parameters of nature-like pool-type fish passes via experimental and field investigations. The experiment verified that the maximum streamwise velocity near a slot ranged from 0.8–1.0 time of the theoretical maximum velocity. Larg...

Wilaiwan Chotigeat, and Ureporn Leggat, and Amornrat Phongdara, and Chavaboon Dechsukhum, and Dararad Choosawad

Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide with several biological activities, is usually isolated from marine seaweeds or from echinoderms. Here, we report on the anti-tumour activity of fucoidan isolated from the aquatic plant Utricularia aurea Lour (Lentibulariaceae). A crude extract (CE) prepared by incubating U.aurea with hot water at 95ºC for 12 hr was partially purified by Sephadex G-50, eluting with a 50mM sodium acetate buffer, at pH 5.0, containing 0.5M NaCl. Partially purified fucoidan (PPF)...

Dou G, and Zhang Y, and Zong CL, and Chen YL, and Guo YX, and Tian L

Geng Dou,1 Yu Zhang,1 Chunlin Zong,2 Yuanli Chen,2 Yuxuan Guo,2 Lei Tian2 1The First Brigade of Students, 2State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Cranio-facial Trauma and Orthognathic Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi&rsquo;an, People&rsquo;s Republic of China Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, accuracy, and clini...

Boonkob Viriyapongsutee, and Suphada Kiriratnikom, and Theerawoot Lerssutthichawal, and Wutiporn Phromkunthong, and Chutima Tantikitti, and Naraid Suanyuk, and Suchanya Mankhakhet

The study on diplomonad flagellates infection in some ornamental fishes in the family cichlidae i.e., angelfish(Pterophyllum scalare), oscar (Astronotus ocellatus), blue mbuna (Labeotropheus fuelleborni) and the family osphronemidaei.e., Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) revealed that this parasite infected three out of four ornamental fish species,angelfish, oscar and blue mbuna. The highest infection was recorded in angelfish (90%) followed by oscar (75.4%) and bluembuna (61%), respectiv...

N. Fischer, and J. H. Jungclaus

Orbital forcing does not only exert direct insolation effects, but also alters climate indirectly through feedback mechanisms that modify atmosphere and ocean dynamics and meridional heat and moisture transfers. We investigate the regional effects of these changes by detailed analysis of atmosphere and ocean circulation and heat transports in a coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea ice-biosphere general circulation model (ECHAM5/JSBACH/MPI-OM). We perform long term quasi equilibrium simulations under pre...

R. T. Lidster, and J. F. Hamilton, and J. D. Lee, and A. C. Lewis, and J. R. Hopkins, and S. Punjabi, and A. R. Rickard, and J. C. Young

Reaction with the hydroxyl radical (OH) is the dominant removal mechanism for virtually all volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere; however, it can be difficult to reconcile measured OH reactivity with known sinks. Unresolved higher molecular weight VOCs contribute to OH sinks, of which monoaromatics are potentially an important sub-class. A method based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS) has been developed...

Knoff Marcelo, and São Clemente Sérgio Carmona de, and Pinto Roberto Magalhães, and Gomes Delir Corrêa

New records for helminth species recovered from elasmobranch fishes in Brazil are established. Digenean and acanthocephalan parasites of elasmobranch fishes are reported from the southern coast of Brazil: Otodistomum veliporum (Creplin, 1837) Stafford, 1904 (Digenea: Azygiidae) in the stomach and spiral valve of Dipturus trachydermus and in the spiral valve of Squatina sp. Cystacanths and juveniles of the acanthocephalans Corynosoma australe Johnston, 1937 and Corynosoma sp., in the spiral valve...

ALCIDES GOULARTI FILHO

La presencia de la industria de la construcción naval en Brasil nos lleva de vuelta al siglo XIX, cuando se registraron en las principales ciudades costeras de pequeños astilleros y arsenales Marina. Pero fue a partir Plan de Metas (1956-1960), en Río de Janeiro que esta industria se ha enfocado y desarrollado un conjunto interrelacionado, sobre la base de los grandes sitios con alta capacidad de difundir e incorporar innovaciones. Entre 1960 y 1985, la industria de la construcción naval pes...

A. Gnanadesikan, and I. Marinov

The spatial distribution of the air-sea flux of carbon dioxide is a poor indicator of the underlying ocean circulation and of ocean carbon storage. The weak dependence on circulation arises because mixing-driven changes in solubility-driven and biologically-driven air-sea fluxes largely cancel out. This cancellation occurs because mixing driven increases in the poleward residual mean circulation result in more transport of both remineralized nutrients and heat from low to high latitudes. By cont...

Luciana A. Farias, and Nathália Renata dos Santos, and Déborah I. T. Favaro, and Elisabete S. Braga

Os níveis de mercúrio (Hg) total em cabelos estão diretamente relacionados à alimentação, particularmente ao consumo de peixes por populações costeiras com grande representação caiçara. No presente estudo foram avaliados os níveis de mercúrio total em cabelos de crianças com idade entre 4 e 12 anos, pertencente a três escolas públicas da cidade de Cananéia, São Paulo, Brasil. Os resultados obtidos (mediana e intervalo) para mercúrio total foram de: 0,04mg.kg-1 (0,01-0,77mg.kg-1), 0,39mg.kg-1 (< ...

Bárbara Léniz, and Cristian A Vargas, and Ramón Ahumada

The Biobío River in central Chile is the third largest watershed and second largest river in Chile in terms of discharge volume. Three sampling campaigns were made in the lower reaches of the river and the adjacent coastal ocean to evaluate the influence of the river plume on the physical/chemical conditions and the abundance/biomass of microphytoplankton during autumn-winter conditions. In addition, a preliminary quantification of riverine nutrients, dissolved silica, and phytoplankton carbon f...

Cecília Schuler Nin, and Eduardo Luiz Ruppenthal, and Gilberto Gonçalves Rodrigues

Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar a entrada sazonal de material alóctone e a composição de suas estruturas vegetais e da fauna de macroinvertebrados aquáticos associados ao material alóctone em um riacho de cabeceira em clima subtropical. Foram analisadas, trimestralmente, duas transecções longitudinais no curso d’água, onde foram instalados coletores submersos e suspensos (1,5 m acima da calha) de outubro de 2004 a outubro de 2005. Em ambos os coletores, não se verificou diferença para ...

Artner J, and Kurz S, and Cakir B, and Reichel H, and Lattig F

Juraj Artner, Stephan Kurz, Balkan Cakir, Heiko Reichel, Friederike LattigDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Ulm, RKU, GermanyBackground: Chronic back pain is relatively resistant to unimodal therapy regimes. The aim of this study was to introduce and evaluate the short-term outcome of a three-week intensive multidisciplinary outpatient program for patients with back pain and sciatica, measured according to decrease of functional impairment and pain.Methods: The program was designe...

S Shakhobovich Sairiddinov

The analysis of an overall performance of devices of electric type for protection is executed. It is revealed, that features biological and electromagnetic, characteristic fishes for various kinds determine many aspects of action of devices on protection of a fish. The basic direction of protection of a fish is technical devices, which simple in construction and operation.

Marianna Andreevna Dudareva

The paper studies a genesis of the ship image in the Russian literature and folklore, an idea of “other kingdom” in the Russian literature poetics of the 19-20 centuries. An emphasis is put on the issues related to the metaphor of a ship, a boat in the artistic world of Lermontov, Turgenev, Dostoevsky and in the poetry of the early 20th century. A paradigm “the Moon - boat” is studied in detail. The image of a boat, which regularly appears in Russian literature, various word-painters’ art works,...

A E Vorobiev, and A B Bolatova, and I L Baigalasova

Natural gas-hydrates are an unconventional source of energy. Potential reserves of hydrated gas are distributed all over the earth both on the land and offshore. Particular attention was given to the possible methodological support of research of gas hydrates.

A E Vorobiev, and A S Kaukenova

The article describes the functionality of the trainer, simulation of oil spills, as well as the strength and means to deal with emergencies on the shelf. The different types of cleaner beaches with illustrations depending on the characteristics of oil spill.

Hjelde Kirsti, and Torgersen Jacob, and Baeverfjord Grete, and Ytteborg Elisabeth, and Takle Harald

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hyperthermia has been shown in a number of organisms to induce developmental defects as a result of changes in cell proliferation, differentiation and gene expression. In spite of this, salmon aquaculture commonly uses high water temperature to speed up developmental rate in intensive production systems, resulting in an increased frequency of skeletal deformities. In order to study the molecular pathology of vertebral deformities, Atlantic salmon was subjecte...