Pooja K Suresh, and Jyoti Ramanath Kini, and Sridevi H Basavaiah, and Hema Kini, and Urmila N Khadilkar, and Shrijeet Chakraborti

Introduction: Neoplastic involvement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) secondary to known or unknown primaries elsewhere is a poor prognostic factor and is equivalent to stage IV disease. Aim: The aim of the study is to analyse the cytological features of neoplastic meningitis in a tertiary care center. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 400 consecutive CSF samples was done in the cytology laboratory of our hospital. The fluid obtained by spinal tap was sent for microbiological, biochemi...

Te-Yu Lin, and Feng-Cheng Liu

Background: Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is characterized by the presence of immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis without clinical evidence of active TB. LTBI treatment among persons at risk for progression to active disease is an important strategy for TB control and elimination. This prospective observational study aimed to compare the incidences of hepatitis and side effects between a new 2-month combination regimen of isoniazid, rifampin and pyrazinamid (2HRZ) plus excipien...

Dajana Milovac, and Ivna Weigand, and Marin Kovačić, and Marica Ivanković, and Hrvoje Ivanković

Highly porous hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HAp) catalyst support was prepared through hydrothermal transformation of aragonitic cuttlefish bone (Sepia Officinalis, L., Adriatic Sea) at 200 °C, preserving the natural well interconnected porous structure. To deposit the TiO2 catalyst on the pore walls of the HAp support two methods were used: i) vacuum impregnation of the support with the suspension of a commercial TiO2 nanopowder in isopropanol and ii) in situ synthesis of TiO2 on the support...

Marilena Papageorgiou, and Stella Kyvelou

Extension of spatial planning from land to the marine space has recently become a key procedure for tackling the growing environmental and blue growth related challenges. However, given the transboundary nature of the sea (facilitating the flow of all kinds of materials and calling for special considerations in terms of resource and ecosystem management) not all the philosophy, planning models and procedures can be “transplanted” from terrestrial to marine spatial planning. Governance issues are...

Emily M. Troyer, and Darren J. Coker, and Michael L. Berumen

Knowledge of community structure within an ecosystem is essential when trying to understand the function and importance of the system and when making related management decisions. Within the larger ecosystem, microhabitats play an important role by providing inhabitants with a subset of available resources. On coral reefs, cryptobenthic fishes encompass many groups and make up an important proportion of the biodiversity. However, these fishes are relatively small, exhibit extreme visual or behav...

Grøndahl Jan, and Rosvold Elin

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hypnosis treatment in general practice is a rather new concept. This pilot study was performed to evaluate the effect of a standardized hypnosis treatment used in general practice for patients with chronic widespread pain (CWP).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study was designed as a randomized control group-controlled study. Sixteen patients were randomized into a treatment group or a control group, each constituting eight patients. Seven patients in the treatment...

Friger Michael, and Satran Robert, and Apfelbaum Armando, and Cicurel Assi, and Plakht Ygal, and Fuchs Lior, and Avriel Avital, and Dartava Dimitry, and Sukenik Shaul

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Dead Sea region, the lowest in the world at 410 meters below sea level, is considered a potent climatotherapy center for the treatment of different chronic diseases.</p> <p>Objective</p> <p>To assess the prevalence of chronic diseases and the quality of life of residents of the Dead Sea region compared with residents of the Ramat Negev region, which has a similar climate, but is situated 600 meters above sea level.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>An observational s...

A. Herman, and O. Glowacki

The temporal variability of the moments of probability distribution functions (pdfs) of total sea ice deformation rates in the Arctic is analyzed in the context of the basin-scale wind forcing acting on the ice. The pdfs are estimated for 594 satellite-derived sea ice deformation maps from 11 winter seasons between 1996/1997 and 2007/2008, provided by the RADARSAT Geophysical Processor System. The temporal scale analyzed equals 3 days. The moments of the pdfs, calculated for a range of spatial s...

Pragathi Bhat, and Srinath L Thakur, and Sudhindra S Kulkarni

Background: Soft tissue excision around natural teeth is carried out to increase the clinical crown lengths, expose the caries apical to the gingival margins and to correct irregular and un-esthetic soft-tissue contours. Aims: The study was carried out with an aim to evaluate the stability of the soft tissue margins after excision either with a laser or scalpel. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 patients indicated for soft tissue excision for correcting soft tissue discrepancies were select...

Amina Khatun, and Sandipan Pal, and Aloke Kumar Mukherjee, and Palas Samanta, and Subinoy Mondal, and Debraj Kole, and Priyanka Chandra, and Apurba Ratan Ghosh

Objectives The present study analyzes metal contamination in sediment of the East Kolkata Wetlands, a Ramsar site, which is receiving a huge amount of domestic and industrial wastewater from surrounding areas. The subsequent uptake and accumulation of metals in different macrophytes are also examined in regard to their phytoremediation potential. Methods Metals like cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and lead (Pb) were estimated in sediment, water and different parts of the macrophytes C...

Elizabeth Sherman

The massive die-off of the long-spined sea urchin, Diadema antillarum, a significant reef grazer, in the mid 1980s was followed by phase shifts from coral dominated to macroalgae dominated reefs in the Caribbean. While Diadema populations have recovered in some reefs with concomitant increases in coral cover, the additional threat of increasing temperatures due to global climate change has not been investigated in adult sea urchins. In this study, I measured acute thermal tolerance of D. antilla...

S. KATSANEVAKIS

The maritime area dominates the current increasing wave of illegal immigration to Europe. The Greek islands of the eastern Aegean Sea are the main entrance points of immigrants arriving from the coasts of Turkey. Immigration to the Greek islands is mainly conducted with inflatable boats, which are abandoned upon arrival along the coasts together with other items such as life-jackets, inflatable tubes, and clothing. This novel type of marine litter dominates many beaches and becomes increasingly ...

Nickolas C. Zouros

This paper presents a methodology for assessment of geomorphosites located in protected areas. The methodological process involves definition of «geomorphological value» of all sites using six criteria: 1) «scientific» and «educational value»; 2) geodiversity, 3) «ecological» and «aesthetic value»; 4) «cultural value»; 5) potential threats and protection needs; and 6) potential for use. The assessment method was implemented in Greece on various geomorphosites at different scales: landscape scale...

Lydie Goeldner-Gianella, and Frédéric Bertrand, and Florent Pratlong

In the Arcachon Basin, subject to coastal flooding, social vulnerability is increasing, in parallel with the very high population growth of this part of the French Atlantic coast. In the context of the BARCASUB research program, proposals for coastal flooding management, focused not only on hard defense measures, but also on new defense measures using depolderisation, are being studied by scientists and environmental managers and proposed to local stakeholders. Up to now, local population and st...

V. GEROVASILEIOU, and C. CHINTIROGLOU, and D. VAFIDIS, and D. KOUTSOUBAS, and M. SINI, and T. DAILIANIS, and Y. ISSARIS, and E. AKRITOPOULOU, and D. DIMARCHOPOULOU, and E. VOUTSIADOU

Scientific information on the biodiversity of marine caves in the eastern Mediterranean is limited, especially when considering the extensively studied caves of the north-western and central Mediterranean. Aiming to enhance current knowledge regarding cave communities, this study represents a first assessment of the marine cave biota of the eastern Mediterranean, as this has been defined by the European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Information retrieved from an extensive o...

L. Ramella Pralungo, and L. Haimberger

This paper describes the comprehensive homogenization of the "Global Radiosonde and tracked balloon Archive on Sixteen Pressure levels" (GRASP) wind records. Many of those records suffer from artificial shifts that need to be detected and adjusted before they are suitable for climate studies. <br><br> Time series of departures between observations and the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration 20th-century (NOAA-20CR) surface pressure only reanalysis have been calculated offline by firs...

Rodolfo dos Santos Coutinho Coimbra, and Carlucio Rocha dos Santos, and Victor Barbosa Saraiva, and Manildo Marcião Oliveira

<em>Trace metals that present toxicity to vertebrates are cause of concern in environmental monitoring programs due to impact caused by anthropogenic activity. The distribution of these elements is found in different settings: water, sediment and biota. Metals such as Pb, Cd, Hg, As and Cr are related to significant environmental damage, which can contaminate man, primarily by fish consumption. Some biomarkers can be applied via an impact approach, and risk assessment for populations of species ...

Tatyana A. Salimova, and Lyudmila A. Fedos’kina

Objective to substantiate the functional directions of activities of the enterprises of dealer chain of an automotive company aimed at ensuring the quality of logistics servicing of automobiles. Methods the study is based on the use of general scientific methods comparison scientific generalization logical analysis analogy and specific scientific methods systemic functional simulation. Results the article states that one of the key criteria of consumer behavior of car buyers is the...

Maria João Lança, and Maria Machado, and Rui Ferreira, and Isabel Alves-Pereira, and Bernardo Ruivo Quintella, and Pedro Raposo de Almeida

The fatty acid signature of sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus (L.) muscle was used as a tool to detect feeding strategies used during the parasitic marine trophic phase of the species. Adult sea lampreys were collected near the mouth of six Portuguese rivers (Minho, Lima, Douro, Vouga, Mondego and Tagus) and muscle fatty acid profile was characterized. The analysis of fatty acid composition of muscle neutral lipids showed the formation of two groups, indicating that two feeding strategies may have ...

M.C.A. Carvalho, and J.M. Pinto

There is a great incentive for developing systematic approaches that effectively identify strategies for planning oilfield complexes. This paper proposes an MILP that relies on a reformulation of the model developed by Tsarbopoulou (UCL M.S. Dissertation, London, 2000). Moreover, a bilevel decomposition technique is applied to the MILP. A master problem determines the assignment of platforms to wells and a planning subproblem calculates the timing for fixed assignments. Furthermore, a heuristic ...

Andreea BRASOVAN, and Vlad CODREA

This contribution presents data on the sea buckthorn (Hippöphae rhamnoides), with focus on its value on coal dumps retrieving in the Petroşani Basin. Due to its peculiar roots exposing a lot of nodules, this plant has an important role in fixing the atmospheric azoth and soil genesis. It is very adaptable to any kind of soil and has wide climatic exigencies, but is depending on light intensity. It has a large dissemination capacity, due to its light and numerous seeds. Besides its utilization on...

Natalia Primacheva, and Tatyana Frasinyuk

The main goal is to preserve the sustainability of marine transport enterprises in the transport market according to the criteria of entrepreneurial and non-systemic efficiency. The essential conditions of activation of functioning and development of the national marine transport complex are reviewed. In conditions of a rigid competition in the global market of maritime transport of goods the parameters of the status of sea country become the principle in the management’s system of development’s...

B Unnikrishnan, and T Rekha, and P Prasanna Mithra, and Nithin Kumar, and B Reshmi

F. Jørgensen, and W. Scheer, and S. Thomsen, and T. O. Sonnenborg, and K. Hinsby, and H. Wiederhold, and C. Schamper, and T. Burschil, and B. Roth, and R. Kirsch, and E. Auken

Geophysical techniques are increasingly being used as tools for characterising the subsurface, and they are generally required to develop subsurface models that properly delineate the distribution of aquifers and aquitards, salt/freshwater interfaces, and geological structures that affect groundwater flow. In a study area covering 730 km² across the border between Germany and Denmark, a combination of an airborne electromagnetic survey (performed with the SkyTEM system), a high-resolu...

Cláudio Luís Santos Sampaio, and Paulo Antunes Horta, and Allan Tainá de Souza, and Martina Di Iulio Ilarri, and Paulo Roberto de Medeiros

Shallow reefs on the coast of Paraíba state are poorly known. An analysis at three stations (Prot = protected; SP = semi-protected; Exp = exposed) with different gradients of wave exposure revealed significant (p < 0.05) differences related to the biomass of seaweed (Prot = SP ≠ Exp). Station Exp with 9.97g (23%) presented the lowest value followed by SP with 10.93 (25%) and Prot with 22.55g (52%). The values suggest that the biomass of seaweeds is inversely related to the gradative higher expos...

A. Tagliabue, and C. Völker

The trace metal iron (Fe) is now routinely included in state-of-the-art ocean general circulation and biogeochemistry models (OGCBMs) because of its key role as a limiting nutrient in regions of the world ocean important for carbon cycling and air-sea CO₂ exchange. However, the complexities of the seawater Fe cycle, which impact its speciation and bioavailability, are simplified in such OGCBMs due to gaps in understanding and to avoid high computational costs. In a similar fashion to ...

R. J. Aspen, and R. J. Aspen, and S. Vardy, and S. Vardy, and R. G. Perkins, and R. G. Perkins, and I. R. Davidson, and I. R. Davidson, and R. Bates, and R. Bates, and D. M. Paterson, and D. M. Paterson

Harvesting of clams(<i>Tapes philippinarum</i>) has important socio-economic and environmental implications for the Venice lagoon area, Italy. Clam harvesting disrupts the structure of benthic communities but the effects upon sediment stability and surface structure remain unclear. The effect of clam fishing on the sediment properties of the lagoon bed was investigated at two different sites, a heavily fished site (San Angelo) and an infrequently fished site (San Giaccomo). Both sites ...

Debolsky Vladimir K., and Gritsuk Iliya I., and Ionov Dmitry N., and Maslikova Oksana J.

The problems of hydraulic engineering require expansion of the scale of research on destructive coastal processes of water bodies located on the territory of the permafrost. Subject: of research in this article are the slopes of the rivers located in the zone of frozen rocks, and the main possible processes on them, occurring under the influence of various seasonal factors. The aim of this work is to study the thermo erosion slope processes of permafrost with allowance for hydromechanical and th...

Su Tong-jiang, and Wang Peng

The UNCITRAL Draft Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea was approved on Thursday, 3 July 2008 and would then be presented to the General Assembly of the United Nations for endorsement later this year. Many innovative features contained in the Draft Convention fill the perceived gaps in existing transport regimes. Carrier's liability compared with international maritime conventions and the Draft Convention as well as China Maritime Code is discu...

François de Kock, and Anton Schlechter

Pilot selection is a form of high-stakes selection due to the massive costs of training, high trainee ability requirements and costly repercussions of poor selection decisions. This criterion-related validation study investigated the predictive ability of fluid intelligence and spatial reasoning in predicting three criteria of pilot training performance, using an accumulated sample of South African Air Force pilots (N = 108). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses with training grade achieved...

Akbarurrasyid M., and Fadjar M., and Sambah A.B.

The research was conducted in February 2018 at the coast of Cempi Bay, Dompu Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. The objective of this research is to identify coastal area space to be utilized as vannamei shrimp aquaculture properly based on land carrying capacity. Data were analyzed using ArcGIS 10.2 software. Land carrying capacity and fisheries scale comparison data obtained in the coast of Cempi Bay were as follows: temperature (29.1 - 31.67 ° C), dissolved oxygen (3.84 - 5.9 mg / L), brightness (4...

N Choobkar, and A Akhondzadeh Basti, and M Soltani, and A.A Sari, and A.M Emami Rad, and M Ghaeni, and L Roomiani

Salting of fish is a traditional method for fish preservation which reduces corruption, increase shelf life and is used in order to have an access to the new markets. In some countries, consuming semi-cooked or raw salted and smoked fish is well-liked. Due to the presence of halophilic microorganisms in salted fish, occurrence of food-borne infections is probable. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of NaCl on Staphlococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes in sal...

Molly Fitzpatrick, and Maja Nedeljkovic, and Jo-Anne Abbott, and Michael Kyrios, and Richard Moulding

Mixed findings regarding the long-term efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for the treatment of hoarding has led to the investigation of novel treatment approaches. “Blended” therapy, a combination of face-to-face (f2f) and online therapy, is a form of therapy that enables longer exposure to therapy in a cost-effective and accessible format. Blended therapy holds many benefits, including increased access to content, lower time commitment for clinicians, and lower costs. The aim of the p...

Izabela Michalak, and Katarzyna Chojnacka, and Agnieszka Dmytryk, and Radoslaw Wilk, and Mateusz Gramza, and Edward Rój

The aim of the field trials was to determine the influence of supercritical algal extracts on the growth and development of winter wheat (variety Akteur). As a raw material for the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), the biomass of microalga Spirulina plantensis, brown seaweed – Ascophyllum nodosum and Baltic green macroalgae was used. Forthial and Asahi SL constituted the reference products. It was found that the tested biostimulants did not influence statistically significantly the plant he...

Mahmoud M.S. Farrag, and Taha B.H. Soliman, and El-Sayed Kh.A. Akel, and Alaa A.K. Elhaweet, and Mohsen A. Moustafa

Phylogenetic comparison for lessepsian puffer fish Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789) from the Egyptian waters (Mediterranean and Red Seas) was performed using morphological and genetic characteristics to confirm its identification and to recognize any variations due to differences in both habitats. A similar identity in body description from both habitats was observed. Slight phenotyping variations in some morphological measurements were observed with no significant difference. The correlat...

W. W. Grabowski, and L.-P. Wang, and T. V. Prabha

This paper discusses impacts of cloud and precipitation processes on macrophysical properties of shallow convective clouds as simulated by a large eddy model applying warm-rain bin microphysics. Simulations with and without collision–coalescence are considered with cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations of 30, 60, 120, and 240 mg⁻¹. Simulations with collision–coalescence include either the standard gravitational collision kernel or a novel kernel that includes enhancements due...

Andrew Butterworth

Uncounted, and usually unobserved, numbers of pinnipeds find themselves entangled in lost fishing gear, monofilament line, nets, rope, plastic packaging in the ocean or on the shoreline. These animals may carry debris wrapped around themselves for long periods, and often die as a result, sometimes from deep chronic wounds. The pinniped species most affected by this modern and manmade phenomenon are fur seals, monk seals, and California sea lions, and to a lesser extent grey, common and monk seal...

Marta Candeias, and Marta Candeias, and Maria Lança, and Ana Ferreira, and Bernardo Quintella, and Pedro Almeida

Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus L., 1758) is an anadromous species which migrates twice during its life cycle between freshwater and seawater. During downstream migration, the juveniles are subject to salinity changes ranging between 0 and 35. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of salinity in hepatic biomarkers of stress and biotransformation of juveniles from Minho river basin, Portugal, during trophic migration. Sampled juveniles (macrophthalmia) were transported alive to the ...

Sébastien eLaurent, and Adrien eRichard, and Odile eMulner-Lorillon, and Odile eMulner-Lorillon, and Julia eMorales, and Julia eMorales, and Didier eFlament, and Virginie eGlippa, and Virginie eGlippa, and Jérémie eBourdon, and Pauline eGosselin, and Pauline eGosselin, and Anne eSiegel, and Anne eSiegel, and Patrick eCormier, and Patrick eCormier, and Robert eBellé, and Robert eBellé

Fertilization of sea urchin eggs involves an increase in protein synthesis associated with a decrease in the amount of the translation initiation inhibitor 4E-BP. A highly simple reaction model for the regulation of protein synthesis was built and was used to simulate the physiological changes in the total 4E-BP amount observed during time after fertilization. Our study evidenced that two changes occurring at fertilization are necessary to fit with experimental data. The first change was an 8 fo...

R. M. Kirpes, and A. L. Bondy, and D. Bonanno, and R. C. Moffet, and R. C. Moffet, and B. Wang, and B. Wang, and A. Laskin, and A. Laskin, and A. P. Ault, and A. P. Ault, and K. A. Pratt, and K. A. Pratt

Few measurements of aerosol chemical composition have been made during the winter–spring transition (following polar sunrise) to constrain Arctic aerosol–cloud–climate feedbacks. Herein, we report the first measurements of individual particle chemical composition near Utqiaġvik (Barrow), Alaska, in winter (seven sample days in January and February 2014). Individual particles were analyzed by computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (CCSEM-E...

Molatelo Junior Madibana, and Victor Mlambo, and Brett Lewis, and Chris Fouché

This study was designed to assess the effect of incorporating graded levels of green macroalgae seaweed (Ulva sp.) into diets of juvenile dusky kob (Argyrosomus japonicus) on growth performance, hematology and serum biochemistry. Five experimental diets were formulated to contain 0 (Ulva0), 50 (Ulva50), 100 (Ulva100), 150 (Ulva150) and 200 (Ulva200) g seaweed meal/kg commercial kob feed on a dry matter basis. Seventy-seven dusky kob fingerlings (mean body mass 9.14 ± 0.30 g) were distribu...

Caroline Norrant

Bousmar Didier, and Courtois Estelle, and Van Audenhaege Loïc, and Rollin Xavier

Artificial fish passes are often the most effective solution to restore the ecological continuity of a dammed river. Such a pass can be built for specifically targeted fish species, based on the existing knowledge on its swimming capacity and behaviour. Usually, a wider range of possible species are present in the river and may use the fish pass. In the present study, a vertical slot fish pass has been designed for salmonid fish (namely Atlantic salmon Salmo Salar). This fish pass layout was ini...

M. Milkov, and M. Koseva

Hearing reduction and hearing loss are common among the industrial workers exposed to continuous and intensive occupational noise, although they are completely preventable. Hearing protection devices are more and more widely used in modern industry, however, they are not efficient enough. That is why preventive otorhinolaryngologic examinations should regularly been performed to enable the early diagnosis and timely treatment of this severe pathology. Several recent investigations deal with the ...

Jerzyło Patrycja, and Wawrzyńska Aleksandra, and Bolt Adam

The article presents the Żuławy Access Railway and the effect of its revitalization on the change of navigational conditions in the Vistula delta. One of the problems analyzed in the article is the intersection of two different transport branches - the inland waterway and rail transport branches. A solution to the problem of their functioning is presented, without any major restrictions. Possible changes in navigational conditions have been described on Martwa Wisła and Przekop Wisły after revit...

Calandrelli M. M., and Calandrelli R.

The present paper describes the investigation activities on the ground areas of a territory falling within the SIN Domitian Phlegrean and Agro Aversano Coast. It summarizes the general characteristics of the study area and the history of the human activities undertaken over time that may have caused a hazard to the environmental matrices. The results of sampling and analysis activities are shown with the evaluation of non-compliance with law requirements (acceptable limit values of concentratio...

Kaczmarek Radomir, and Stachel Aleksander

Modern marine diesel engines are characterized by ~50% conversion of chemical energy of fuel into useful work. The remaining amount of heat is lost to the environment as the so-called waste heat, whereby its part can be used in various marine heating installations. In the ship's engine the biggest source of waste heat, potentially useful for further use, both due to the amount of available energy and its quality, are exhaust emissions from the main engine. Taking into account the need for ration...

Fadi Hammal, and Alyssa Chappell, and Katherine Pohoreski, and Barry A. Finegan

Background In Canada, although there are periodic media campaigns to raise awareness of Quitlines, these services are underused. We sought to determine if a dedicated kiosk, similar to that used in the retail industry but staffed by volunteers trained in smoking cessation techniques, would be effective method to enhance Quitline reach. Methods We located a kiosk in the foyer of two hospitals and in two shopping malls in Edmonton, Canada between Feb/2012 and July/2014. The cessation intervention...

Paprotny Dominik, and Morales-Nápoles Oswaldo, and Nikulin Grigory

Continental or global studies of coastal flood hazard in the context of climate change encounter several obstacles. The primary concern is the limited coverage of sea level data, especially the high-frequency sort needed to analyse sea level extremes. In this paper we present the calculations of return periods of storm surge heights and water levels for the European coast. The analysis utilized simulations using Delft3D hydrodynamic model driven by meteorological data with temporal and spatial r...

Víctor J Atencio García, and José A Espinosa, and José G Martínez, and Sandra C Pardo Carrasco

Background: cryopreservation is an important biotechnological tool in the conservation of biodiversity, particularly for endangered species. Objective: to evaluate six different spermatozoa/oocyte ratios using fresh and cryopreserved semen in bocachico fish (Prochilodus magdalenae). Methods: fresh semen was collected and its quality determined to verify cryopreservation feasibility. The semen was put in 5 mL straws and mixed with a solution (5.5% glucose, 12% egg yolk, and 10% dimethyl sulfoxide...