Atsushi Tanimura, and Takashi Minoda, and Mitsuo Fukuchi, and Takao Hoshiai, and Hideaki Ohtsuka

A monospecific swarm of a calanoid copepod Paralabidocera antarctica was observed under the fast ice in the Kita-no-seto Strait near Syowa Station, Antarctica. During the day on January 22 to 23,a swarm appeared just beneath the undersurface of the fast ice. It was primarily composed of adults. P. antarctica seemed to have aggregated horizontally in an extremely narrow layer against the undersurface of the sea ice with density of roughly 2-6×10^4ind./m^3. Swarming may be associated with reproduc...

Chisato Anai, and Nobutatsu Mochizuki, and Hidetoshi Shibuya

Abstract Chemical demagnetization is not preferred as a demagnetizing method in paleomagnetism because strong acids are cumbersome to handle and require considerable time compared to alternating field and thermal demagnetizations. Particularly, for rocks with carbonate minerals, strong acidic solutions are not applicable. This study presents a new method, termed reductive chemical demagnetization (RCD), using ascorbic acid solution as a reductive etchant. Ascorbic acid is a strong reductive agen...

Q. Jin, and B. S. Grandey, and D. Rothenberg, and A. Avramov, and A. Avramov, and C. Wang, and C. Wang

<p>International shipping emissions (ISE), particularly sulfur dioxide, can influence the global radiation budget by interacting with clouds and radiation after being oxidized into sulfate aerosols. A better understanding of the uncertainties in estimating the cloud radiative effects (CREs) of ISE is of great importance in climate science. Many international shipping tracks cover oceans with substantial natural dimethyl sulfide (DMS) emissions. The interplay between these two major aerosol...

P. A. Wernette, and P. A. Wernette, and P. A. Wernette, and C. Houser, and B. A. Weymer, and M. E. Everett, and M. P. Bishop, and B. Reece

<p>Barrier island transgression is influenced by the alongshore variation in beach and dune morphology, which determines the amount of sediment moved landward through wash-over. While several studies have demonstrated how variations in dune morphology affect island response to storms, the reasons for that variation and the implications for island management remain unclear. This paper builds on previous research by demonstrating that paleo-channels in the irregular framework geology can have a di...

Alexander Bogorosh, and Sergey Voronov, and Sergey Larkin, and Vladimir Karachiun, and Nikolaj Vishniakov, and Jurij Novickij, and Danutė Ščekaturovienė

An investigation of the corrosive and mechanical destruction of microelectronic objects such as multipurpose sensors and navigating devices used in the airspace industry in extreme conditions such as variable temperature, pressure and environmental composition is described. The appearance and growth of micro cracks and other defects in metallic parts and conductors of micro devices due to external actions are investigated. The structural features of defect‐testing devices improved on the basis ...

Wee Ming Peh, and Mei Ling Kang

Introduction: Clinical bedside point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) is an important adjunct to history and physical examination. The objective of this pilot survey is to assess the level of exposure, perceptions, interest levels and possible barriers toward training of POCUS in internal medicine. Methods: In October 2015, all medical doctors who were working in the Singapore General Hospital Internal Medicine Department were invited to complete a hard-copy printed 27-question Likert-scale surve...

P. Coupel, and H. Y. Jin, and M. Joo, and R. Horner, and H. A. Bouvet, and M.-A. Sicre, and J.-C. Gascard, and J. F. Chen, and V. Garçon, and D. Ruiz-Pino

A large part of the Pacific Arctic basin experiences ice-free conditions in summer as a result of sea ice cover steadily decreasing over the last decades. To evaluate the impact of sea ice retreat on the marine ecosystem, phytoplankton in situ observations were acquired over the Chukchi shelf and the Canadian basin in 2008, a year of high melting. Pigment analyses and taxonomy enumerations were used to characterise the distribution of main phytoplanktonic groups. Marked spatial variability of th...

Tanabe Shinsuke, and Kajiwara Natsuko, and Kannan Kurunthachalam, and Giesy John P, and Le Boeuf Burney J, and Debier Cathy

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that have been banned in most countries, but considerable amounts continue to cycle the ecosphere. Top trophic level predators, like sea birds and marine mammals, bioaccumulate these lipophilic compounds, reflecting their presence in the environment.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We measured concentrations of tDDT (<it>p,p' </it>- DDT + <it>p,p' </it>-...

Cataudella Stefano, and Venanzetti Federica, and Cesaroni Donatella, and Allegrucci Giuliana, and Sbordoni Valerio

Geay Florian, and Ferraresso Serena, and Zambonino-Infante Jose L, and Bargelloni Luca, and Quentel Claire, and Vandeputte Marc, and Kaushik Sachi, and Cahu Chantal L, and Mazurais David

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Efforts towards utilisation of diets without fish meal (FM) or fish oil (FO) in finfish aquaculture have been being made for more than two decades. Metabolic responses to substitution of fishery products have been shown to impact growth performance and immune system of fish as well as their subsequent nutritional value, particularly in marine fish species, which exhibit low capacity for biosynthesis of long-chain poly-unsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). The ma...

Shin Kyung-Min, and Park Ji-Eun, and Liu Yan, and Jung Hee-Jung, and Jung So-Young, and Lee Min-Hee, and Kang Kyung-Won, and Yook Tae-Han, and Choi Sun-Mi

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and the prevalence of hypertension tends to increase with age. Current treatments for hypertension have adverse side effects and poor adherence. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of moxibustion on blood pressure in individuals with pre- or stage I hypertension.</p> <p>Methods/design</p> <p>Forty-five subjects with pre- or stage I hypertension will be randomized into three groups: tre...

Pekkonen Minna, and Laakso Jouni T

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Organisms modify their environment and in doing so change the quantity and possibly the quality of available resources. Due to the two-way relationship between organisms and their resource environment, and the complexity it brings to biological communities, measuring species interactions reliably in any biological system is a challenging task. As the resource environment changes, the intensity and even the sign of interactions may vary in time. We used <it>Se...

D. E. Archer, and B. A. Buffett, and P. C. McGuire

We present a new geologic-time and basin-spatial scale model of the continental margin methane cycle. The model, SpongeBOB, is used to simulate evolution of the carbon cycle in a passive sedimentary continental margin in response to changing oceanographic and geologic forcing over a time scale of 200 million years. The geochemistry of the sediment column is altered by the addition of vertical high-permeability channels intended to mimic the effects of heterogeneity in the real sediment column du...

Andrés López-Garro, and Ilena Zanella, and Geiner Golfín-Duarte, and Maikel Pérez-Montero

The blacktip reef shark Carcharhinus melanopterus, is one of the most common Indo-Pacific reef sharks. On April 29, 2012, a juvenile male blacktip reef shark measuring 89 cm total length (TL), was incidentally caught during a research expedition in Chatham Bay, Isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica, located in the Tropical Eastern Pacific. This is the first record of the species from Isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica, and from the Tropical Eastern Pacific.

Osmar Guedes da Silva Júnior, and Maâmar El-Robrini

Na Planície Costeira de São João de Pirabas (NE do Pará), ocorrem principalmente depósitos terciários e quaternários, cuja distribuição e espessura foram influenciadas por movimentos neotectônicos e oscilações do nível do mar atuantes desde o Mioceno. A análise estratigráfica com base em testemunhos (com até 6 m de comprimento), permitiu a identificação de um padrão de sedimentação, visualizado através de quatro sucessões marinhas: sucessão marinha retrogradacional basal - SB (lamas de intermaré...

Enox de Paiva-Maia, and George Alves-Modesto, and Luis Otavio-Brito, and Alfredo Olivera, and Tereza Cristina Vasconcelos-Gesteira

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a commercial probiotic on the bacterial and phytoplankton concentration in intensive shrimp farming (Litopenaeus vannamei) with a recirculation system, for one culture period in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Ponds, with mean area of 2.6 ha, were stocked with a density of 98 shrimp m-2. A commercial probiotic was prepared following the manufacture's specifications and sprayed on the surface of the ponds seven days prior to stocking and then on a ...

Osamu Mitamura, and Nobutada Nakamoto, and Maria do Socorro Rodrigues Ibañez, and Paulo Roberto Saraiva Cavalcante, and José Policarpo Costa Neto, and Ricardo Barbieri

AIM: This work is aimed at extending the understanding of urea cycle in freshwater ecosystems. Its degradation rate concerning microorganisms activities was measured in the turbid waters of Pindaré and Turiaçu rivers located on the pre-Amazonian floodplain, Brazil; METHODS: The Pindaré and Turiaçu aquatic systems have distinct dry and rainy periods. The investigation was developed in the middle of the rainy period, and field activities were carried out in the extensive water bodies from the midd...

B. Koffi, and S. Szopa, and A. Cozic, and D. Hauglustaine, and P. van Velthoven

In this study, the LMDz-INCA climate-chemistry model and up-to-date global emission inventories are used to investigate the "present" (2000) and future (2050) impacts of transport emissions (road traffic, shipping and aircraft) on global tropospheric ozone. For the first time, both impacts of emissions and climate changes on transport-induced ozone are investigated. The 2000 transport emissions are shown to mainly affect ozone in the Northern Hemisphere, with a maximum increase of the tropospher...

Sonia Quijano-Scheggia, and Esther Garcés, and Eva Flo, and Margarita Fernandez-Tejedor, and Jorge Diogène, and Jordi Camp

The spatial and temporal variations in the composition of Pseudo-nitzschia during bloom events from August 2005 to February 2006 were characterised in two bays of the NW Mediterranean Sea (Alfacs and Fangar Bay) by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The study provides detailed records of the Pseudo-nitzschia community at the species level and describes its relationship with both the surrounding environmental conditions and biotic factors such as the accompanying phytoplankton community...

Luis Cardona, and David López, and Marta Sales, and Sònia de Caralt, and Ignasi Díez

Experimental fishing and visual censuses were conducted at nine Posidonia oceanica sites off Minorca exposed to different levels of fishing intensity to assess the effects of recreational fishing on the species that dominate the catch. Total catch per unit effort (CPUE) was highly seasonal and a statistically significant interaction term existed between the season and the level of fishing intensity. CPUE decreased everywhere at the end of the fishing season (autumn), but such a reduction was mor...

Paola Perozzo, and Adriana Salatino, and Paolo Cerrato, and Raffaella Ricci, and Raffaella Ricci

Mood, anxiety and other psychological symptoms are common in dystonic patients suffering from blepharospam (BSP) and spasmodic torticollis (ST). Since sexual well-being is an important aspect of mental health, here, we investigated whether these patients may also experience a worsening of their sexual life. In particular, quality of sexual life was evaluated in patients suffering from BSP (N=30), ST (N=30), and in a control group of patient with Hemifacial spasm (HFS; N=30), undergoing botulinum...

Catalina Ciortan Mirea

The aim of this study was to determine the vitamin C status on growth performance, survival rate and biochimical parameters from tissue of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus, 1758) with average weight of 93±1,0 g were fed with different dietary vitamin C rations and reared in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Growth performance , survival rate and biochimical parameters from tissue of Nile tilapia were measured in groups fed diets supplemented with 100, 750, 2000 mg.kg-1L-asco...

Guoo-Shyng Wang Hsu, and Shun-Yao Hsu

Electrolyzed water is a sustainable disinfectant, which can comply with food safety regulations and is environmentally friendly. A two-factor central composite design was adopted for studying the effects of electrode gap and electric potential on chlorine generation efficiency of electrolyzed deep ocean water. Deep ocean water was electrolyzed in a glass electrolyzing cell equipped with platinum-plated titanium anode and cathode. Results showed high electric efficiency at a low cell potential, a...

V. Ramachandra Raju, and R. Lalitha Narayana

Effect of flat plate collectors (FPCs) in series on the distillate output and performance of solar still have been studied in active mode. The solar still has an effective basin area of 1 m2 and fixed cover inclination of 30°. Each FPC with an effective area of 2 m2 is attached with solar still. For the present study, experiments have been conducted for 24 h during the summer months for active solar distillation system. An effective collector inclination of 5° is used. Outdoor experiments were c...

Belén Aguilera, and Ignacio A. Catalán, and Isabel Palomera, and M. Pilar Olivar

Otolith growth and the value and properties of the Recent Otolith Growth Index (ROGI) were studied in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) larvae that were reared for the first month of life with four different feeding regimes: fed, non-fed, late-feeding and late two-day fast. A marking experiment using alizarin complexone was previously carried out to validate increment deposition. Daily increment deposition was observed to take place from day two after hatching (DAH). The different feeding regim...

Burak Kaptaner

The Lake Van fish (Alburnus tarichi) is a species that is endemic to Turkey’s Lake Van basin. In this study, the regional distribution, volume density, and relative frequency of some pancreatic endocrine cells in Lake Van fish were investigated via immunohistochemistry using specific mammalian antibodies. The pancreatic tissue was observed to be surrounded by adipose tissue, which was adjacent to the gall bladder or extrahepatic bile duct, or dispersed in the adipose tissue ranked among coils o...

Weifu Guo

Abstract Scleractinian corals promote the precipitation of their carbonate skeleton by elevating the pH and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration of their calcifying fluid above that of seawater. The fact corals actively regulate their calcifying fluid chemistry implies the potential for acclimation to ocean acidification. However, the extent to which corals can adjust their regulation mechanism in the face of decreasing ocean pH has not been rigorously tested. Here I present a numerica...

Lin Cai, and Ren-Mao Tian, and Guowei Zhou, and Haoya Tong, and Yue Him Wong, and Weipeng Zhang, and Apple Pui Yi Chui, and James Y. Xie, and Jian-Wen Qiu, and Put O. Ang, and Sheng Liu, and Hui Huang, and Pei-Yuan Qian

Abstract Coral reefs are significant ecosystems. The ecological success of coral reefs relies on not only coral-algal symbiosis but also coral-microbial partnership. However, microbiome assemblages in the South China Sea corals remain largely unexplored. Here, we compared the microbiome assemblages of reef-building corals Galaxea (G. fascicularis) and Montipora (M. venosa, M. peltiformis, M. monasteriata) collected from five different locations in the South China Sea using massively-parallel seq...

Nicola Heslehurst, and Judith Rankin, and Catherine McParlin, and Falko F. Sniehotta, and Denise Howel, and Stephen Rice, and Elaine McColl

Abstract Background Weight management in pregnancy guidelines exist, although dissemination alone is an ineffective means of implementation. Midwives identify the need for support to overcome complex barriers to practice. An evaluation of an intervention to support midwives’ guideline implementation would require a large-scale cluster randomised controlled trial. A pilot study is necessary to explore the feasibility of delivery and evaluation prior to a definitive trial. The GestationaL Obesity ...

Ane Mohn Bjelland, and Aud Kari eFauske, and Anh eNguyen, and Ingvild Elise Orlien, and Ingrid eØstgaard, and Henning eSørum

The Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio salmonicida is the causative agent of cold-water vibriosis (CV), a hemorrhagic septicemia that primarily affects farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). The mechanisms of disease development, host specificity and adaptation, as well as the immunogenic properties of V. salmonicida are largely unknown. Therefore, to gain more knowledge on the pathogenesis of CV, 90 Atlantic salmon parr were injected intraperitonellay with 6 x 106 CFU of V. salmonicida LFI1238. S...

Cheng-sheng Wu, and De-cai Zhou, and Lei Gao, and Quan-ming Miao

Some research work on CFD computation of ship motions and added resistance in waves for a high speed trimaran is carried out in this paper. The governing equations, Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes and continuity equations are discretized by finite volume method. Volume of fluid method is adopted to deal with the nonlinear free surface. The incident waves are generated from the inflow boundary by prescribing a velocity profile resembling flexible flap wavemaker motions, and the outgoing waves are...

S. Shalin, and S. Shalin, and A. Samuelsen, and A. Korosov, and N. Menon, and B. C. Backeberg, and B. C. Backeberg, and B. C. Backeberg, and L. H. Pettersson

The spatial and temporal variability of marine autotrophic abundance, expressed as chlorophyll concentration, is monitored from space and used to delineate the surface signature of marine ecosystem zones with distinct optical characteristics. An objective zoning method is presented and applied to satellite-derived Chlorophyll <i>a</i> (Chl <i>a</i>) data from the northern Arabian Sea (50–75° E and 15–30° N) during the winter months (November–March). Principal component analysis (PCA) and c...

M. Claeys, and G. Roberts, and G. Roberts, and M. Mallet, and J. Arndt, and K. Sellegri, and J. Sciare, and J. Sciare, and J. Wenger, and B. Sauvage

As part of the ChArMEx-ADRIMED campaign (summer 2013), ground-based in situ observations were conducted at the Ersa site (northern tip of Corsica; 533 m a.s.l.) to characterise the optical, physical and chemical properties of aerosols. During the observation period, a major influence of primary marine aerosols was detected (22–26 June), with a mass concentration reaching up to 6.5 µg m⁻³ and representing more than 40 % of the total PM₁₀ mass concentration. Its relativ...

Almir Francisco Reis, and Joaquín Sabaté Bel

Despite the apparent spontaneity, the transformation of coastal areas influenced by tourism development is also marked by the completion of planning efforts by national or local governments. Since first European interventions in the 1950s, with the provision of infrastructure, equipments and accommodations disconnected from the existing settlements, to the current efforts for qualification of previously developed areas, a great deal was achieved and gradually new variables were incorporated. Thi...

Amelia Nieto-Bona, and Ana González-Mesa, and César Villa-Collar, and Amalia Lorente-Velázquez

Purpose: To evaluate the potential influence and treatment-related changes of the corneal biomechanical properties (BMP) measured with the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA, Reichert, Depew, NY) 15-days and 1-month after the initiation and cessation of corneal refractive therapy (CRT). Methods: Twenty-four young healthy subjects (24.04 ± 3.19 years) participated in two different experiments. In the first one (#1), twelve right eyes from 12 subjects who were fitted with CRT lenses were evaluated afte...

Gary J Gaeth, and Irwin Levin

Claudio Nona Morado, and Francisco Gerson Araújo, and Iracema David Gomes

Biomarkers are measurements within an organism that respond to environmental effects and are used as tools in bioassessment programs since they reflect physiological changes induced by exposure to pollutants. The hepatosomatic index (HSI) and the condition factor (CF) in three fish species Geophagus brasiliensis, Hypostomus affinis and Hypostomus auroguttatus were used to assess effects of pollutant stress in a tropical river during two seasons (dry and wet). Fish from the least disturbed sites ...

Czes&#322;aw Druet

This article is an overview which presents in brief some of the results of research done in the last 20 years on the structure and dynamics of intermittent fine structure in the euphotic zone of the sea and its effect on the behaviour of marine plankton. The introduction provides a general characterisation of this structure and its relations with the plankton concentration field. Chapter 2 covers turbulent mixing processes in layers of homogeneous fine structure, and discusses the dynamic intera...

S. Henson, and H. Cole, and C. Beaulieu, and A. Yool

The seasonal cycle (i.e. phenology) of oceanic primary production (PP) is expected to change in response to climate warming. Here, we use output from 6 global biogeochemical models to examine the response in the seasonal amplitude of PP and timing of peak PP to the IPCC AR5 warming scenario. We also investigate whether trends in PP phenology may be more rapidly detectable than trends in annual mean PP. The seasonal amplitude of PP decreases by an average of 1–2% per year by 2100 in most biomes, ...

Roger Skjetne, and Olav Egeland

Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) testing is proposed as a new methodology for verification and certification of marine control systems. Formalizing such testing necessitates the development of a vocabulary and set of definitions. This paper treats these issues by constructing a framework suitable for industrial HIL test applications and certification of marine systems.

G. Lohmann, and M. Pfeiffer, and T. Laepple, and G. Leduc, and J.-H. Kim

We compare the ocean temperature evolution of the Holocene as simulated by climate models and reconstructed from marine temperature proxies. We use transient simulations from a coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model, as well as an ensemble of time slice simulations from the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project. The general pattern of sea surface temperature (SST) in the models shows a high-latitude cooling and a low-latitude warming. The proxy dataset comprises a global com...

Michelle Pereira Melo, and José Marcelino Oliveira Carvalheiro, and Tarcísio Alves Cordeiro, and Andressa Ribeiro Queiroz, and João Paulo Prado, and Ivone Ferreira Borges

The aim of this work is to assess the different compositions of phytoplankton in three cultivation systems of marine shrimps Litopenaeus vannamei (BOONE, 1931), denominated as organic, intensive and semi intensive. The samples were done fortnightly, when phytoplankton was collected by a net for phytoplankton, 65 ƒÊm mesh, being then filtrated in a total volume of water of 100 L, and preserved in formaldehyde solution at 4% and identified according to the methodology of Cordeiro et al. (1997). Th...

Denyo Silva, and Nito Angelo Debacher, and Armando Borges de Castilhos Junior, and Fabio Rohers

<abstract language="eng">Samples of shells of oysters and mussels from sea farm around the Santa Catarina Island in south Brazil were collected and analyzed by DRX, FRX, SEM, CHN-S, FTIR, TG, AAS/Flame and AAS /GF. The results showed that the crystalline structure of mussel's shells is mainly formed by aragonite and the oyster's shells by calcite. The calcium percentage in both shells species was in the range of 33 to 35% and also 850 and 1200 mg/kg of strontium was detected in the shells of oys...

Loyana Docio, and Márcio Amorim Tolentino-Lima, and Eraldo Medeiros Costa-Neto, and Ricardo Jucá-Chagas, and Ulisses Pinheiro

This article represents the first ethnospongiological study in Brazil, and it aimed at recording artisanal fishermen’s knowledge about sea sponges and their ecological interactions. The study was carried out in the Ilha do Contrato community at Camamu Bay, Bahia State, Brazil. The data were obtained by means of open-ended interviews and projective tests, and followed the usual techniques of ethnographic surveys. The interviewees had knowledge regarding ecological interactions among fish, sea spo...

Kovács A., and Abdel-Hameid N.-A., and Ács A., and Ferincz Á., and Kováts N.

In this study, sensitivity of a novel acute bioassay based on the feeding activity of Daphnia magna was assessed, using 2 and 4 h of exposure. For calibration purposes, results were compared with those of the standard immobility test as described by the ISO 6341:1996 standard. Using potassium dichromate as the reference chemical, after 4 h of exposure the proposed protocol showed similar sensitivity in comparison with the standard, as ...

Valentina Flores-Aqueveque, and Gabriel Vargas, and José Rutllant, and Jacobus P Le Roux

La costa del Desierto de Atacama se caracteriza por la ocurrencia de vientos fuertes del sur y suroeste. El clima árido, la geomorfología plana y las características granulométricas de los depósitos superficiales de la Pampa Mejillones, ubicada en la costa del norte de Chile (23°S), favorecen el estudio de los procesos de erosión y transporte eólico de partículas en este desierto costero. Mediciones in situ del flujo horizontal de partículas (G) y de vientos, junto con análisis sedimentológicos ...

C. M. Duarte

Vegetated coastal habitats, including seagrass and macroalgal beds, mangrove forests and salt marshes, form highly productive ecosystems, but their contribution to the global carbon budget remains overlooked, and these forests remain <q>hidden</q> in representations of the global carbon budget. Despite being confined to a narrow belt around the shoreline of the world's oceans, where they cover less than 7 million km², vegetated coastal habitats support about 1 to 10 % of the global ma...

Ruben Gustav Leonhardt Real, and Thorsten eDickhaus, and Albert eLudolph, and Martin eHautzinger, and Andrea eKübler, and Andrea eKübler

ObjectiveThe aim of this longitudinal study was to identify predictors of instantaneous well-being in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Based on flow theory well-being was expected to be highest when perceived demands and perceived control were in balance, and that thinking about the past would be a risk factor for rumination which would in turn reduce well-being.MethodsUsing the experience sampling method, data on current activities, associated aspects of perceived demands, con...

Leanna P. Matthews, and Brittany Blades, and Susan E. Parks

During the breeding season, male harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) make underwater acoustic displays using vocalizations known as roars. These roars have been shown to function in territory establishment in some breeding areas and have been hypothesized to be important for female choice, but the function of these sounds remains unresolved. This study consisted of a series of playback experiments in which captive female harbor seals were exposed to recordings of male roars to determine if females res...

Vassilis N. Panagopoulos, and Deanna J. Greene, and Meghan C. Campbell, and Kevin J. Black

Background. Normally one habituates rapidly to steady, faint sensations. People with sensory hypersensitivity (SH), by contrast, continue to attend to such stimuli and find them noxious. SH is common in Tourette syndrome (TS) and autism, and methods to quantify SH may lead to better understanding of these disorders. In an attempt to objectively quantify SH severity, the authors tested whether a choice reaction time (CRT) task was a sensitive enough measure to detect significant distraction from ...