Waidi O. Abdul, and Ezekiel O. Adekoya, and Kehinde O. Ademolu, and Isaac T. Omoniyi, and Dominic O. Odulate, and Tomilola E. Akindokun, and Akinpelu E. Olajide

The present study was carried out to examine the distribution and assemblage structure of zooplankton in relation to environmental parameters of tropical coastal estuarine ecosystem impounding Bight of Benin, Nigeria. The estuarine water samples were collected between January and December, 2014 from three sampling zones (Brushpark, Open water and Wetland) then were fixed in 4% formalin. A total of twenty-eight (28) species belonging to four (4) groups were recorded in this study. These groups we...

Nejc Sarabon, and Stefan Loefler, and Hannah Fruhmann, and Samantha Burggraf, and Helmut Kern

The aim of this study was to define the most appropriate gait measurement protocols to be used in our future studies in the Mobility in Ageing project. A group of young healthy volunteers took part in the study. Each subject carried out a 10-metre walking test at five different speeds (preferred, very slow, very fast, slow, and fast). Each walking speed was repeated three times, making a total of 15 trials which were carried out in a random order. Each trial was simultaneously analysed by three ...

Flávio Ruas de Moraes, and Lúcia Maria Coelho Alves, and Debora Martins Silva Santos, and Dayane Pestana Pereira, and Cristiano Ferreira Cruz

<p class="aresumo">The present study evaluated the microbiological water quality and tissue lesions in gills from Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>) and hybrid tambacu (<em>Colossoma macropomum</em> female x <em>Piaractus mesopotamicus</em> male). For this, water and gills were collected from fish farming at six locations in Itapecuru-Mirim County, Maranhão State. Microbiological water analyses revealed contamination by total coliforms, <em>Escherichia coli</em> and heterotrophic bact...

Fernando Alvarez, and Shun-qi Pan

In order to improve the accuracy of prediction when using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method, this paper describes a novel approach for two-dimensional (2D) EOF analysis based on extrapolating both the spatial and temporal EOF components for long-term prediction of coastal morphological changes. The approach was investigated with data obtained from a process-based numerical model, COAST2D, which was applied to an idealized study site with a group of shore-parallel breakwaters. The pr...

Andressa Muller, and Marcelo Pereira de Barros

The coastal avifauna is an important element in the dynamics of the ecosystems where it lives, and the coastal plain is regarded as a very high priority area for preserving the regional biodiversity. Due to the lack of information on the birds which go to the north coast of Rio Grande do Sul, especially in stretches with an intense anthropic occupation, and the importance of this group as a biodiversity constituent, this paper aims, with a conservational purpose, to provide data on the coastal a...

Sideh Zainab Abedi, and Mohammad Kazem Khalesi, and Sohrab Eskandari

Background: Water-borne, indissoluble heavy metals are bioaccumulated in fish (human food source). In this research, chromium (Cr) and cadmium (Cd) bioconcentration factors (BCFs) in the skin, gills, scales, livers and muscles of two widely-consumed fish species, scaled common carp Cyprinus carpio and scaleless catfish Pangasius hypophthalmus were compared. Material and Methods: Lethal concentrations of Cd and Cr (64.89 & 7.46, and 84.8 & 17.05 mg/L for the catfish and carp, respectively) were d...

Filippo Giarratana, and Chiara Crinò, and Daniele Muscolino, and Chiara Beninati, and Graziella Ziino, and Alessandro Giuffrida, and Antonio Panebianco

The aim of this work is to evaluate the activity of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) against fish spoilage bacteria (specific spoilage organisms; SSOs) as well as its possible use in gilthead sea bream (<em>Sparus aurata</em>) fillets to extend their shelf-life. In this regard, in vitro tests are carried out in order to evaluate the inhibitory activity of AITC and its vapours on several strains of SSOs. The AITC effect on the shelflife of sea bream fillets was made by putting them in plastic trays he...

Mohamed El-Bahiry, and Ashraf El-Amir, and Mohamed Abdelhay

Sinbad channel lies in West Delta Deep Marine Concession (WDDM) offshore Nile Delta, Egypt. The southern part of the channel has been penetrated by an exploratory well (Sinbad-1), but the well encountered a residual gas. The study is dedicated to assess the gas saturation in the northern extension of the channel using the advanced rock physics methods and seismic inversion techniques. Rock physics models play a crucial role in seismic reservoir characterization studies. The Fluid substitution me...

Lise Doksæter Sivle, and Petter Helgevold Kvadsheim, and Andreas eFahlman, and Andreas eFahlman, and Frans-Peter eLam, and Peter eTyack, and Peter eTyack, and Patrick eMiller

Anthropogenic underwater sound in the environment might potentially affect the behavior of marine mammals enough to have an impact on their reproduction and survival. Diving behavior of 5 killer whales (Orcinus orca), 7 long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) and 4 sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) were studied during controlled exposures to naval sonar (LFAS: 1-2 kHz and MFAS: 6-7 kHz) during three field seasons (2006-2009). Diving behavior was monitored before, during and after sonar...

JF Bekker, and JP Schmid

Sea minefields obstructing naval missions have to be breached with minimum effort and acceptable risk. With the advent of autonomous mapping, it is feasible to have high quality information of obstructing sea minefields and their environment before moving into them. The challenge remains to use this knowledge optimally to minimise risk, time and effort in crossing the sea minefield. To achieve this, two interlinked processes are required, consisting of finding the shortest route with acceptable ...

Carina Östman, and Jens Roat Kultima, and Carsten Roat

Tentacle cnidae of Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1761) were examined by light microscopy. In addition to spirocysts, feeding-tentacles had 3 nematocyst categories grouped into medium and small size-classes, including 5 types. Spirocysts dominated, especially distally, followed by medium b-mastigophores. The density of cnidae decreased towards the tentacle base. Early cnidoblasts were numerous on the tentacle tip. Late cnidoblasts appeared in a moderate number on the mid-tentacle. Catch-tentacles, ...

D. Lancaster, and P. Dearden, and N.C. Ban

Overfishing has impacted marine species over the last century, with many large-bodied and long-lived species declining to critical levels. Marine conservation areas are a popular management tool to protect and recover marine species and their habitats from intensive fishing pressure and human caused marine degradation. However, many marine conservation areas are thought to have low levels of compliance from diverse fishing populations. Little research exists that quantifies recreational fisher c...

H. Suárez-Mahecha, and L.H. Beirão, and A. Francisco, and L.S.O. Nakaghi, and S.C. Pardo-Carrasco

Os mecanismos que causam o amolecimento e a perda na textura post-mortem da carne de matrinxã foram determinados por meio das mudanças na microestrutura do músculo, imediatamente após a morte e depois de 12 horas de estocagem a -3&deg;C. As observações na microestrutura, realizadas com microscópio eletrônico de transmissão, foram semelhantes aos resultados obtidos na força de ruptura do músculo medidos com o texturômetro. Os valores da força da ruptura foram menores para a carne após o resfriame...

E. A. Hammel, and Carl Mason, and Mirjana Stevanovic

Demographic analysis clarifies political issues in the collapse of Yugoslavia. In most regions, 1961-1991, ethnic diversity (estimated by informational entropy) increased and segregation (estimated by Theil&apos;s H) decreased. In a few regions there was a reversal in 1991 as migration flows or presentations of self perhaps changed in anticipation of war. The analysis strengthens refutations of the view that long standing ethnic hatreds were the root cause of the Yugoslav collapse and supports a...

Sukhtej Sahni, and B S Chavan, and Ajeet Sidana, and Priyanka Kalra, and Gurjit Kaur

Background & objectives: Clozapine may be more useful in treatment-naive patients with first-episode schizophrenia for better symptoms control and improving quality of life. The current study was carried out to compare the efficacy and tolerability of clozapine versus risperidone in treatment-naive, first-episode patients of schizophrenia. Methods: This was a comparative, open-label, six months prospective study of treatment-naive, first-episode patients with schizophrenia between the age group ...

Meraner A., and Unfer G., and Gandolfi A.

In the last few decades, numerous populations of European grayling, Thymallus thymallus, have been suffering from stocking-induced genetic admixture of foreign strains into wild populations. Concordantly, genetic introgression was also reportedfor grayling stocks inhabiting the Upper Drava River, but all published genetic data based on specimens caught at least a decade ago, when stocking load was strong. Here, we applied mitochondrial...

Peter M.H Gayle, and Peter Wilson-Kelly, and Sean Green

Maintaining regional competitiveness and economic viability for Port Bustamante -Kingston Harbour, Jamaica,required improved accessibility to "Post Panamax "(too large to pass through the Panama Canal)container vessels.Removal of the northern portion of the shallow coral reef at Rackham ’s Cay,which was partially obstructing the western end of the east ship channel,was proposed.This aesthetically valuable reef was used by local fishermen and comprises part of the declared Palisadoes -Port Royal ...

Juan Tortosa-Martínez, and Nuria Caus-Pertegaz, and Celeste Martínez-Canales

The number of neurodegenerative diseases associated to aging, such as Alzheimer ́s disease (AD), is rapidly increasing. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is diagnosed when a person presents cognitive deficits, usually memory related, but still does not meet criteria for a diagnosis of dementia. It is usually considered a transitional phase between normal aging and dementia. The benefits of exercise for people with mild cognitive impairment are not fully clear and deserve further research. The aim ...

Ricardo Santos Simões, and José Maria Soares-Jr, and Manuel J. Simões, and Helena B. Nader, and Maria Cândida P. Baracat, and Gustavo Arantes R. Maciel, and Paulo C. Serafini, and Ricardo Azziz, and Edmund C. Baracat

Abstract Background Small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) play an important role in tissue homeostasis and cell proliferation since these proteoglycans sequester multiple growth factors. However, the content of SLRPs in the endometrium of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women is unknown. Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that excessive endometrial proliferation in PCOS may be partly related to abnormalities in SLRPs. Methods In a cross section study a total of 20 endometrial samples wer...

Kristin Marie Valand Herstad, and Helene Thorsen Rønning, and Anne Marie Bakke, and Lars Moe, and Ellen Skancke

Abstract Background Dogs are fed various diets, which also include components of animal origin. In humans, a high-fat/low-fibre diet is associated with higher faecal levels of bile acids, which can influence intestinal health. It is unknown how an animal-based diet high in fat and low in fibre influences the faecal bile acid levels and intestinal health in dogs. This study investigated the effects of high intake of minced beef on the faecal bile acid profile in healthy, adult, client-owned dogs ...

Sunday Emmanuel Olusola, and Flora Eyibio Olaifa

In this study, the potential benefits of ten edible leaves (Manihot esculents, cassava leaf; Colocasia esculenta, cocoyam leaf; Talinum triagulare, water leaf; Telfairia occidentalis, fluted pumpkin leaf; Carica papaya, pawpaw leaf; Amaranthus chlorostachys, green leaf; Moringa oleifare, drumstick leaf; Vernonia amygdalina, bitter leaf; Ipomoea batatas, sweet potato leaf and Basella alba, Malabar spinach ‘Amunututu’ to aquatic animal nutrition and health were studied along with proximate, minera...

José V. Andreata, and Bruno C. Meurer, and Maurício G.S. Baptista, and Felipe V. Manzano, and Dirceu E. Teixeira, and Michele M. Longo, and Natalie V. Freret

<abstract language="eng">The ichthyofauna composition of the Baía da Ribeira was analyzed between December 1998 and November2001. The instruments used were an otter-trawl net, beach seines, cast net and visual census. It was registered two classes, composed by 16 orders, 59 families and 148 species. The high wealth of the region is due to the great diversity of environments and its location at the north limit of Argentine an Zoogeographic Province. The instruments diversification, the samples re...

Adam Bolt, and Patrycja Jerzyło

Waterborne transport is the cheapest, the safest and the least harmful to the natural environment. Restoring regular waterway cargo transport will require revitalisation of the existing trans- -shipment and logistics infrastructure for commercial inland ports and building new. Transport policy makers must remember that waterborne transport is the most ecological type of transport. It produces only 10% of the gases emitted to the atmosphere by equivalent road transport. Its energy intensity cons...

Aline Lopes-Souza, and Alexandre Schiavetti, and Martín Roberto Álvarez

This study provides an analysis of the occurrence and the spatial and temporal distribution of marine turtle strandings found in the south of the State of Bahia. Data was collected between January 2006 and June 2008. This study covers an area of 220 km of the southern coast of Bahia State (northeastern Brazil), and spatial analyses were made considering data collected in three bases suported by Petrobras-Petróleo Brasileiro S/A distributed in the area. The records were sorted according to month ...

M.R. Werneck, and B.M.G. Gallo, and R.J. Silva

The occurrence of Amphiorchis caborojoensis Fischthal & Acholonu 1976 and Carettacola stunkardi Martin & Bamberger 1952 in a young specimen of Hawksbill sea turtle Eretmochelys imbricata Linnaeus 1758 in Brazil was reported. Five A. caborojoensis trematodes were found in the small intestine (n=2) and liver (n=3), and two adult C. stunkardi specimens were collected from body wash. This is the first report of parasites of E. imbricata in Brazilian waters and Southwestern Atlantic Ocean and the sec...

Dulciene Karla Bezerra de Andrade, and Antonia Sherlânea Chaves Véras, and Marcelo de Andrade Ferreira, and Mércia Virginia Ferreira dos Santos, and Wellington Samay de Melo, and Gladston Rafael Arruda dos Santos

Avaliaram-se a composição corporal e as exigências líquidas dos macroelementos minerais cálcio (Ca), fósforo (P), magnésio (Mg) e potássio (K) para ganho de peso em bovinos mestiços 5/8 Holandês-Zebu criados em pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens Spaft. Foram utilizados 16 animais com 10 meses de idade e peso vivo de 180 &plusmn; 19,95 kg. Os tratamentos foram livre acesso ao pasto e pastejo restrito, todos com suplementação com mistura mineral comercial. Quatro animais foram abatidos no início do ...

Sunee Apawootichai, and Pichaya Rachdawong

A generalized framework for criterion weights development was proposed for a pilot project of Supanburi industrial estate for light industries. It encompassed selection of criteria, questionnaire design, data collection, and data analysis. Relative or comparative importance matrix of the six factors was created from the summary of the data from expert survey. Pairwise comparison matrix was subsequently computed to reduce the data dimension and to highlight the relative importance of each factor ...

M. Arif Zainul Fuad, and Abu Bakar Sambah, and Andik Isdianto, and Awalrush Andira

The objective of the present research was to map the bathymetry of the Bangsring coastal area, Banyuwangi. Depth data obtained are used to consider the suitable location for fish apartment placement. The depth of the water was measured using a single beam echosounder with a frequency of 50 Hz. The data obtained by sounding process corrected by Tidal data. The tidal data measured during sampling with the observation interval of 30 minutes. The tidal correction was performed to get the depth value...

Pedro Vicente Sánchez-Calvera

This article mainly on the problem of  storage of oncology drugs, which is an important element in the supply chain, applied in the context of warehouse management of oncology drugs, in the logistics operator and providers of health services institutions (IPS for its acronym in Spanish) of Bogotá DC and in the contex of a macro project "Methodological proposal for the definition of policies , rules of negotation and coordination in supply management of oncology drugs in Colombia," funded by Colc...

A.M. Khalifa, and M.R. Soliman, and A.A. Yassin

Damietta harbor was constructed in 1982 as an inland harbor with its 15 m depth navigation channel and two jetties acting like an obstacle to not allow sediment deposition in the harbor. On the other hand, they significantly affect the northern coast shoreline and hinder the sediment circulation in Damietta promontory. Satellite images show that new headlands are being implemented in the coastal shores of As-senaneyah. The proposed project consists of implementation of four headlands with lengt...

Mihail Emelianov

J. Q. Zhu, and Y. Yang, and J. Yu, and X. L. Gong

Surface faults related to land subsidence have been observed in coastal cities, such as Nantong, Yancheng, and Lian Yungang, in Jiangsu Province (CAJS) since the early 1970s. Nowadays, increases flooding and rising sea levels are attributed to subsidence caused by groundwater pumping. In this work we present a brief description of land subsidence in CAJS, we examine the mechanisms of land subsidence induced mainly by groundwater pumping and its evolution and economic implications as well a...

Anna Maciejewska, and Aleksandra Winogradow, and Janusz Pempkowiak

Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) is an important yet poorly recognised pathway of material transport to the marine environment. This work reports on the results of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and loads in the groundwater seeping into the southern Baltic Sea. Most of the research was carried out in the Bay of Puck (2009-2010), while in 2013 the study was extended to include several other groundwater seepage impacted areas situated along...

WU Chongjian

Innovation features huge uncertainties and risks. According to statistics, less than one percent of discoveries and inventions convert successfully into innovations and real applications. The key element in converting innovative ideas into applications is the scientific consciousness of the innovators, which is very important for such open, complex and large-scale system engineering as naval architecture. Due to the lack of early warning for the cognition of dimension, many innovative ideas fail...

Jeongho Kim, and Wonchoel Lee, and Ivana Karanovic

A new species of Microcharon Karaman, 1934 (Asellota: Lepidocharontidae) is described from Miho-Uchihama beach, Shizuoka, Japan. Microcharon tanakai sp. n. differs from its congeners by having nine simple, five penicillate setae on antennal article 6; one simple distal seta on article 1 of the mandibular palp and having the apical lobe of male pleopod 1 convex, rounded, armed with seven setae. A key to Asian species of the genus and 16S rRNA of the new species are provided. ...

Carla Ofélia Silva, and Carla Ofélia Silva, and Inês Pimparel

Fatty acids are carbon-rich compounds that are ubiquitous in all organisms and relatively easy to metabolize. Once incorporated in the organism, their biological specificity and the fact that they are transferred from primary producers to higher trophic levels without changing in characteristics, make fatty acids suitable for use as biomarkers. Different fatty acids have been found in mollusk species. These are influenced by taxonomic relations, environmental conditions, nutrient habits, food av...

René J. Borroto

The endemic and seasonal nature of cholera depends upon the survival of Vibrio cholerae 01 in a viable but not necessarily culturable state in ecologic niches in aquatic environments during interepidemic periods. To understand the ecology of V. cholerae it is necessary to know which aquatic ecosystems can harbor it and thus contribute to the endemic presence of cholera in Latin America. This article summarizes knowledge about the ecology of V. cholerae 01, specifically, the abiotic and biotic fa...

Dahiya Harleen

The effects of “quark sea” in determining the flavor structure of the octet baryons have been investigated in the chiral constituent quark model. The chiral constituent quark model is able to qualitatively generate the requisite amount of quark sea and is also known to provide a satisfactory explanation of the proton spin and related issues in the nonperturbative regime. The phenomenological implications of the quark sea asymmetries in the nucleon have been investigated to understand the import...

Paula Dayse Braga Santos, and Laiana Soeiro Ferreira

Although scalping is a recurrentaccident innorthern Brazil, there are still few studies on the subject. The aim of the present work was to report the occupational therapy procedure on the minimization of the occupational performance impairment of two riverside children that were victims of scalping by unprotected motor boat shaft, through the evaluation of occupational performance and exposure of the intervention performed. This is a case study with two scalped riverside girls hospitalized betwe...

Savita Mallikarjun, and Harsha Mysore Babu, and Sreedevi Das, and Abhilash Neelakanti, and Charu Dawra, and Sachin Vaijnathrao Shinde

Aims: To assess and compare the thickness of gingiva in the anterior maxilla using radiovisiography (RVG) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and its correlation with the thickness of underlying alveolar bone. Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study included 10 male subjects in the age group of 20–45 years. Materials and Methods: After analyzing the width of keratinized gingiva of the maxillary right central incisor, the radiographic assessment was done using a modified technique fo...

Supamattaya, K., and Lerssutthichawal, T.

Twenty-one species from 16 genera of potentially cultured freshwater fish were examined for external and internal parasites. Ten individuals of each fish species were sampled from various places in Nakhon Si Thammarat. Eight groups, 72 species were identified and the majority was external (52 spp.). The parasites found were ciliated protozoan (2 spp.), myxozoan (2 spp.), monogenean (44 spp.), digenean (7 spp.), cestode (6 spp.), nematode (6 spp.), acanthocephalan (2 spp.) and crustacean (3 spp.)...

J. J. Lian, and K. Xu, and C. Ma

Coastal cities are particularly vulnerable to flood under multivariable conditions, such as heavy precipitation, high sea levels, and storms. The combined effect of multiple sources and the joint probability of extremes should be considered to assess and manage flood risk better. This paper aims to study the combined effect of rainfall and the tidal level of the receiving water body on flood probability and severity in Fuzhou City, which has a complex river network. Flood severity under a range ...

T. C. Brachert, and M. Reuter, and S. Krüger, and J. Kirkerowicz, and J. S. Klaus

The fast growing calcareous skeletons of zooxanthellate reef corals (z corals) represent unique environmental proxy archives through their oxygen and carbon stable isotope composition (<i>δ</i>¹⁸O, <i>δ</i>¹³C). In addition, the accretion of the skeleton itself is ultimately linked to the environment and responds with variable growth rates (extension rate) and density to environmental changes. Here we present classical proxy data (<i>δ</i>¹⁸O, <i>δ</i><sup>13</su...

Nidheesh Agarwal, and Asit Mittal, and C M Kuldeep, and Lalit Kumar Gupta, and Ashok Kumar Khare, and Sharad Mehta

Context: Chickenpox (varicella) is a common viral disease caused by Varicella zoster virus. Facial atrophic scars after varicella infection are not uncommon and pose a cosmetic problem. Like atrophic scars of other aetiologies, they are a difficult condition to treat. There are not enough references in the literature regarding efficient treatment of post varicella scars. High strength Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), which is known to cause dermal collagen remodelling, was used to treat varicella sca...

A. Hettinger, and E. Sanford, and T. M. Hill, and J. D. Hosfelt, and A. D. Russell, and B. Gaylord

Increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide drive accompanying changes in the marine carbonate system as carbon dioxide (CO₂) enters seawater and alters ocean pH (termed "ocean acidification"). However, such changes do not occur in isolation, and other environmental factors have the potential to modulate the consequences of altered ocean chemistry. Given that physiological mechanisms used by organisms to confront acidification can be energetically costly, we explored the potential for foo...

Luqian Zhou, and Lili Guan, and Weiliang Wu, and Xiaoying Li, and Xin Chen, and Bingpeng Guo, and Yating Huo, and Jiawen Xu, and Yuqiong Yang, and Rongchang Chen

Abstract High-pressure non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) is a new strategy targeted at maximally reducing arterial carbon dioxide. However, high inspiratory positive airway pressure (IPAP) might cause respiratory adverse events likely to diminish the benefit of NPPV. In the setting of ventilatory support, monitoring NPPV efficacy and resolving problems promptly are critical. This study assessed the treatment effect of high and low-pressure NPPV in chronic hypercapnic COPD using h...

C. Oliveira, and K. Gruskevica, and T. Juhna, and K. Tihomirova, and A. Alves, and L. M. Madeira

Advanced oxidation processes, such as the Fenton's reagent, are powerful methods for decontamination of different environments from recalcitrant organics. In this work, the degradation of paraquat (PQ) pesticide was assessed (employing the commercial product gramoxone) directly inside the pipes of a pilot scale loop system; the effect of corroded cast iron pipe and loose deposits for catalysing the process was also evaluated. Results showed that complete degradation of paraquat ([PQ]₀...

Hiroko Seki, and Kaori Nakazato, and Naoko Hamada-Sato

Abstract Shrimp muscle contains taste component compounds, such as glutamic acid and inosinic acid (IMP). When both are present, taste intensity increases by fourfold to eightfold compared to that when only glutamic acid is present. Inosinic acid is generated via adenosine triphosphate degradation in two metabolic pathways in which adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is generated and then degraded to either IMP or adenosine (AdR). We investigated post-mortem AMP degradation pathways in the shrimp Pena...

Towhid Babazadeh, and Behrouz Fathi, and Abdolreza Shaghaghi, and Hamid Allahverdipour

Background: Health promoting schools (HPS) project is currently being used in Iran but many challenges still lie ahead. The present study aimed, to test feasibility of implementing a comprehensive advocacy program (CAP) to overcome the obstacles and problems associated with the consummation of school health programs based on the HPS framework. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed through recruiting all schools that were enrolled in the national HPS program and located in Jolfa ...

V.D. Chamizo, and Raúl Aguilar, and Clara A. Rodríguez

En dos experimentos en piscina circular se entrenó a unas ratas a encontrar una plataforma invisible que estaba localizada siempre en el mismo lugar en relación a una configuración de dos puntos de referencia (X e Y), que se encontraban relativamente lejos y equidistantes de la plataforma. El entrenamiento se llevó a cabo durante días consecutivos (Experimento 1) o cada 4 días (Experimento 2). Ensayos de prueba posteriores, sin la plataforma, mostraron que las ratas preferían buscar en el cuadra...