Randa Meraabi Al-Ali, and Wassim Chehadeh, and Monzer Hamze, and Fouad Dabboussi, and Sani Hlais, and Hassan Mallat

Summary: Human enteric viruses are important causes of acute gastroenteritis in infants and children. The role of rotaviruses, adenoviruses, human caliciviruses and astroviruses in the development of severe acute gastroenteritis requiring hospitalization of infants and young children in North Lebanon was investigated. Stool specimens collected between April and May 2010 from 79 Lebanese infants and children hospitalized for severe acute gastroenteritis, were screened for enteric viruses by immun...

T. Mikael Lassén

Lactic acid fermentation was evaluated as a method to preserve fish and chicken by-products. Herring (Clupea harengus) by-products (viscera and heads) and chicken by-products (heads, viscera, feathers, feet and discarded whole chickens) were minced, mixed with 5% dextrose and inoculated with 108 colony forming units (cfu)/g of four different lactic acid bacteria cultures. The by-product was fermented at 25°C and evaluated for pH, % produced lactic acid, redox potential and odour during four week...

T. Mikael Lassén

Conditions for the lactic acid fermentation of fish offal were evaluated regarding the effect of substrate concentration (2, 5 and 10% dextrose), preacidification with lactic acid (initial pH of 6.8, to 6.5 or 6.0), and inoculum size of Lactobacillus plantarum (107 , 108 and 109 colony forming units (cfu)/g). pH and lactic acid production were monitored during a two-week storage period. A small-scale silo for fermenting fish offal was also constructed, and measurement of redox potential was eval...

Huang J, and Zhang D, and Li SJ, and Xi Y, and Cui LY, and Gao FL

Jing Huang,1 Dan Zhang,2 Shu-Jing Li,1 Ying Xi,1 Li-Yan Cui,1 Feng-Li Gao3 1Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Nephrology, Beijing, Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Nursing, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Objective: Prolonged maintenance of surgical positi...

Hu YY, and Qi EP, and Liu FY, and Lu YH, and Tan SL, and Sun Y, and Han ZY, and Liang P, and Yu XL

Yanyan Hu,1,2 Erpeng Qi,1 Fangyi Liu,1 Yuhan Lu,1 Shuilian Tan,1 Ya Sun,1 Zhiyu Han,1 Ping Liang,1 Xiaoling Yu1 1Department of Interventional Ultrasound, General Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China; 2Medical Department, First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of iodine-125 (125I) seed implantation for pancreatic cancer (PC), and preliminarily evaluate the clinical value of a self-developed three-dimensio...

Juan Félix Rodríguez Pérez

(ES) En 1910 se inauguraron los Sanatorios marítimos Nacionales de Oza (La Coruña) y Pedrosa (San-tander), gracias al interés mostrado por el Ministerio de la Gobernación. El Ayuntamiento de Ma-drid envió el primer año a Pedrosa una colonia en forma de ensayo en dos tandas y otra la Dipu-tación Provincial. En la temporada del siguiente año, el Patronato Nacional de Sordomudos y Cie-gos trasladó una colonia al Sanatorio cántabro al igual que el Consistorio madrileño. La designación de un elenco ...

Zanatta, A. S., and Ramos, I. P., and Silva, R. J., and Langeani, F., and Carvalho, E. D.

This is the first report of Ictalurus punctatus in the middle Paranapanema river basin; the occurrence of thisspecies may be associated with the expansion of pisciculture in cage farms in the Brazilian territory as a whole.

IANI Marian, and HONȚ Ștefan, and TAFLAN Elena, and TOŠIĆ Katarina, and CIORPAC Mitică , and SUCIU Radu

Current knowledge about sturgeon behavior is incomplete and certain aspects of it are completely unknown, despite tremendous conservation efforts. This paper describes aspects of annual recruitment, fitness distribution and genetic diversity of the offspring of two sturgeon species – Huso huso (beluga sturgeon) and Acipenser stellatus (stellate sturgeon). To ensure a step forward in understanding their behavior in general and offspring ethology in particular, we conducted a pilot study on the 20...

D.M.O. Bonci, and S.M.A. de Lima, and S.R. Grötzner, and C.A. Oliveira Ribeiro, and D.E. Hamassaki, and D.F. Ventura

To quantify the effects of methylmercury (MeHg) on amacrine and on ON-bipolar cells in the retina, experiments were performed in MeHg-exposed groups of adult trahiras (Hoplias malabaricus) at two dose levels (2 and 6 µg/g, ip). The retinas of test and control groups were processed by mouse anti-parvalbumin and rabbit anti-alphaprotein kinase C (alphaPKC) immunocytochemistry. Morphology and soma location in the inner nuclear layer were used to identify immunoreactive parvalbumin (PV-IR) and alpha...

Marcos Marques Mendonça, and Pablo Henrique dos Santos Picapedra, and Michelli Caroline Ferronato, and Paulo Vanderlei Sanches

ABSTRACT Based on the hypothesis that diel vertical migration (DVM) is a mechanism of predator avoidance, the objective of the present study was to test for the occurrence of DVM in planktivorous fish larvae of Hypophthalmus edentatus (Spix, 1829) (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae) and Plagioscion squamosissimus (Heckel, 1840) (Perciformes, Sciaenidae), and zooplankton (rotifers, cladocerans and copepods) in an isolated tropical lagoon in the floodplain of the Upper Paraná River, Brazil (region of Parq...

Yokoi T, and Tamaki T, and Shimizu T, and Nomura S

Takashi Yokoi, Takeshi Tamaki, Toshiki Shimizu, Shosaku NomuraFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi City, Osaka, JapanBackground: Low-dose metronomic (LDM) chemotherapy is a novel approach that involves frequent administration of a low dose of chemotherapeutic agent without a long interval.Purpose: The aim of this clinical pilot study was to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of LDM chemotherapy with weekly low-dose docetaxel for previously treated non-small...

Shannon Dunn, and Chuck Meide

The daily lives of Achill Island's inhabitants were heavily influenced by their relationships with the ocean, its resources and the seasons. Ireland's largest island, situated along its predominantly rural western coast, Achill remains in many ways idyllic and pastoral, descriptors used in the modern and recent historic era to draw tourists but also used in previous centuries to denigrate the culture and lifeways of the islands' inhabitants. Achill Island's maritime landscape, including its shor...

Brdareski Zorica, and Đurović Aleksandar, and Šušnjar Snežana, and Životić-Vanović Mirjana, and Ristić Anđelka, and Konstantinović Ljubica, and Vučković-Dekić Ljiljana, and Tankosić Mirjana

Background/Aim. Regular physical activity and exercise improves quality of life and possibly reduces risk of disease relapse and prolongs survival in breast cancer survivors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a 3-week moderate intensity aerobic training, on aerobic capacity (VO2max) in breast cancer survivors. Methods. A prospective, randomized clinical study included 18 female breast cancer survivors in stage I-IIIA, in which the primary treatment was accomplished at lea...

Mohammadreza Sabri, and Ghafour Ghaffari, and Mahin Hashemipour, and Neda Mostofizadeh, and Ali Mehrabi Koushki

Background: This study attempted to determine the effects of long-term use of Vitamin C on vascular endothelial function. Materials and Methods: During a pilot clinical trial study conducted at Imam Hussein Hospital (Isfahan) in 2014–2015, a total of forty diabetic patients were selected and then assigned randomly into two twenty-subject groups receiving Vitamin C and placebo tablets. The patients were treated with Vitamin C or placebo for 6 months. All patients were examined through echocardiog...

Wilson Wasielesky Jr., and Adalto Bianchini, and Cecilia. Castaño Sanchez, and Luis Henrique Poersch

Studies were carried out to investigate the effect of temperature, salinity, ammonia, nitrite and nitrate on food consumption of pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis. Juveniles (0.2 - 0.4 g) were acclimated for 15 days in seawater with different temperatures, salinities and concentrations of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate. After the acclimation period, 20 shrimps per treatment were individualized in order to have their ration intake analyzed through the amount of ration offered and left over with...

Fabiana Rodrigues de Oliveira, and Giselda Macena Lira, and Elizabeth Aparecida Ferraz da Silva Torres, and Rosana Aparecida Manólio Soares, and Simone Mendonça, and Kelly Walkyria Barros da Silva, and Sarah Janaína Gurgel Bechtinger Simon, and Tatiana Maria Palmeira dos Santos, and Cyro Rego Cabral Junior

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do beneficiamento sobre o valor nutricional do peixe mandim (Arius spixii) comercializado em Maceió-AL, determinaram-se nas suas formas in natura e beneficiada (salgado-seco) a composição centesimal, valor calórico, cloretos, perfil de ácidos graxos e colesterol, sendo também analisada a ocorrência de óxidos de colesterol. Os resultados obtidos para o mandim in natura e beneficiado, respectivamente, de umidade (70,13% e 40,31%), proteínas (51,73% e 38,07%, base...

María Inés Lorenzo, and Juan M. Díaz de Astarloa, and Walter Norbis, and María B Cousseau

Demersal fish assemblages from trawl surveys in the Rio de la Plata estuary and its inner continental shelf were analyzed from 1975 to 1995. The first two factors of Principal Component Analysis explained 48% of the variance in species distribution, and they are consistent with the results of a cluster analysis. The analysis indicated the existence of three spatially and temporally distinct fish assemblages: internal and external estuarine and inner continental shelf (Uruguayan coastal assemblag...

Anna Filipkowska, and Ludwik Lubecki1, and Maria Łotocka, and Małgorzata Szymczak-Żyła, and Grażyna Kowalewska

This study was financed by the EU CosCo project ("Regional cycle development through coastal co-operation - sea grass and algae focus" - INTERREG IIIC 2N00251) and the statutory IO PAS programme.AbstractThe occurrence of algae on the Sopot beach was investigated from 2004 to 2006 from the beach management point of view. Various methods were applied in an attempt to understand the mechanisms underlying the accumulation of algae on the shoreline. They included daily observations of the occurrence ...

R. J. Leigh, and S. M. Ball, and J. Whitehead, and C. Leblanc, and A. J. L. Shillings, and A. S. Mahajan, and H. Oetjen, and J. D. Lee, and C. E. Jones, and J. R. Dorsey, and M. Gallagher, and R. L. Jones, and J. M. C. Plane, and P. Potin, and G. McFiggans

Iodine emissions from the dominant six macroalgal species in the coastal regions around Roscoff, France, have been modelled to support the Reactive Halogens in the Marine Boundary Layer Experiment (RHaMBLe) undertaken in September 2006. A two-dimensional model is used to explore the relationship between geographically resolved regional emissions (based on maps of seaweed beds in the area and seaweed I₂ emission rates previously measured in the laboratory) and in situ point and line me...

Patricia R. Araya, and Angelo A. Agostinho, and José A. Bechara

The population structure and dynamics of Leporinus acutidens (Valenciennes, 1837), upstream from Yacyretá Dam (Upper Paraná River, Argentina) were analyzed for their relation to age, condition factor, growth, mortality and fishery yield. The pre- (1990-94) and post- (1995-98) filling phases of the reservoir were compared with regard to age structure, condition factor, and the length/weight relationship of fish. Fish sampling was carried out at four sampling sites following a longitudinal gradien...

Leung DYP, and Lee DTF, and Lee IFK, and Lam LW, and Lee SWY, and Chan MWM, and Lam YM, and Leung SH, and Chiu PC, and Ho NKF, and Ip MF, and Hui MM

Doris Y P Leung,1 Diana Tze-Fan Lee,1 Iris F K Lee,1 Lai-Wah Lam,1 Susanna W Y Lee,2 May W M Chan,3 Yin-Ming Lam,4 Siu-Hung Leung,5 Pui-Chi Chiu,6 Nelly K F Ho,7 Ming-Fai Ip,8 May My Hui8 1The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; 2Hospital Authority Head Office, 3Kowloon West Cluster, 4New Territories West Cluster, 5Kowloon East Cluster, 6United Christian Hospital, 7Kowloon Hospital, 8Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong Hospital Authority, Kowloon, Hong...

AR. Carvalho

Small scale fishing profits in two communities in the Upper Paraná River floodplain (Porto Rico - PRI and Porto São José - PSJ villages) are assessed based on interviews carried out with professional fishermen. There is a high illiteracy level in both PRI (50%) and PSJ (44.5%). The main contributions to income are "vessel costs" and "fish consumption" by the family. Specific tackle (such as cevadeira) and gear used for fishing close to dams make the gear costs higher at PSJ, emphasising the hete...

Şükrü Yıldırım

Ali MJ, and Singh S, and Naik MN, and Kaliki S, and Dave TV

Mohammad Javed Ali,1 Swati Singh,1 Milind N Naik,1 Swathi Kaliki,2 Tarjani Vivek Dave1 1The Institute of Dacryology, 2The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India Purpose: The aims of this study were to report the preliminary experience of using telescopes, which were enabled for navigation guidance, and their utility in complex endoscopic lacrimal surgeries. Methods: Navigation enabling of the telescope was achieved by using the AxiEM&...

Rodrigo Pauperio Soares de Camargo

Adna Almeida de Albuquerque, and Ronaldo Borges Barthem

Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock, 1828) (Siluriformes, Callichthyidae) is a middle size catfish, known in the Brazilian Amazon as ‘tamoatá’. It uses an accessory air-breathing organ to live in the poor oxygen swamps of the mouth of Amazon and Orinoco rivers. The tamoatá is the main fishery resource of the Marajó Island and it is caught in the flooded savanna of the Arari River basin, near the Santa Cruz do Arari city, Pará State. The tamoatá landing in the port of Ver-o-Peso, in Belém, represents...

Panalee Chevakidagarn

This study aimed at using surrogate parameters for rapid monitoring of contaminant removed of activated sludge treatment plant for para rubber and seafood industries in Southern Thailand. Wastewaters from these industries contain high organic concentrations and chemicals. The activated sludge process (AS) is usually applied as a treatment process. However, plant operators generally lack the understanding and means to control the treatment plants because of a continuous monitoring system is not e...

Lezilda Carvalho Torgan, and Guilherme Scotta Hentschke

Este estudo visa avaliar a riqueza, a densidade, a diversidade específica e a distribuição da comunidade de Chlorococcales s.l. em zonas pelágicas e litorâneas de diferentes hábitats aquáticos (lagoas isoladas, lagoas interligadas, banhados, açudes e arroios) em dois hidroperíodos (águas altas e baixas) em região subtropical no sul do Brasil. As amostragens de fitoplâncton foram realizadas em duas áreas, situadas entre as coordenadas 30(0)40´ - 30(0)10´ S e 50(0)30´ - 51(0)31´W no ano de 2003, c...

C. L. Stevens, and C. L. Stewart, and N. J. Robinson, and M. J. M. Williams, and T. G. Haskell

A glacier tongue floating in the coastal ocean presents a significant obstacle to the local flow and so influences oceanic mixing and transport processes. Here acoustic Doppler current profiler and shear microstructure observations very near to a glacier tongue side-wall capture flow accelerations and associated mixing. Flow speeds reached around 40 cm s⁻¹, twice that of the ambient tidal flow amplitude, and generated vertical velocity shear squared as large as 10<sup>&amp;minus;5</su...

Sanjna Nayar, and S Bhuminathan, and Wasim Manzoor Bhat, and R Mahadevan

Many methods have been used to establish the occlusal plane in complete denture prosthodontics. However, no single method seems to be fully accepted. Anteriorly, esthetic considerations help define the occlusal plane, and posteriorly the tongue, retromolar pad, and Stenson′s duct are considered. Some dentists bisect the space between the residual ridges. The technique of using the ala-tragus line (Camper′s line) to establish the occlusal plane is well documented. However, definitions of the ala-...

A R Patwardhan, and P S Nemade, and S K Bhosale, and S K Srivastava

Background: Cervical transpedicular screw fixation is safe and is probably going to be the gold standard for cervical spine fixation. However, cervical transpedicular screw use in the Asian population can be limited as the transverse diameter in this group of patients may not be adequate to accommodate the 3.5-mm pedicular screw thus injuring the vital structures located in the close proximity of the pedicles. Thus lateral mass fixation remains the mainstay of treatment. The present study evalua...

Huttenhower Curtis, and Hibbs Matthew A, and Sealfon Rachel SG, and Myers Chad L, and Troyanskaya Olga G

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Gene Ontology has become an extremely useful tool for the analysis of genomic data and structuring of biological knowledge. Several excellent software tools for navigating the gene ontology have been developed. However, no existing system provides an interactively expandable graph-based view of the gene ontology hierarchy. Furthermore, most existing tools are web-based or require an Internet connection, will not load local annotations files, and provide e...

Ireneusz Kubicki, and Piotr Kaniewski, and Tomasz Kraszewski

The choice of navigation system for mini UAV is very important because of its application and exploitation, particularly when the installed on it a synthetic aperture radar requires highly precise information about an object’s position. The presented exemplary solution of such a system draws attention to the possible problems associated with the use of appropriate technology, sensors, and devices or with a complete navigation system. The position and spatial orientation errors of the measurement...

Stefani Rosane MP, and Georg Raphaela, and Gomes Suely

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Exposure of cells to environmental stress conditions can lead to the interruption of several intracellular processes, in particular those performed by macromolecular complexes such as the spliceosome.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>During nucleotide sequencing of cDNA libraries constructed using RNA isolated from <it>B. emersonii </it>cells submitted to heat shock and cadmium stress, a large number of ESTs with retained introns was observed. Among the 6,350 ESTs obtai...

Colbourne John K, and Abrego David, and Buchanan-Carter Jade, and Wang Shi, and Aglyamova Galina V, and Meyer Eli, and Willis Bette L, and Matz Mikhail V

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>New methods are needed for genomic-scale analysis of emerging model organisms that exemplify important biological questions but lack fully sequenced genomes. For example, there is an urgent need to understand the potential for corals to adapt to climate change, but few molecular resources are available for studying these processes in reef-building corals. To facilitate genomics studies in corals and other non-model systems, we describe methods for transcripto...

Shuki Ushio, and Takatoshi Takizawa, and Kay I. Ohshima, and Toshiyuki Kawamura

Open water areas between fast-ice and pack-ice zones are frequently observed off Lutzow-Holm Bay, Antarctica. In such open waters, called polynyas or leads, which are exposed to the cold air, new sea ice can form with a high growth rate. So the open polynya releases large quantities of heat to the atmosphere and excludes high-salinity brine to the ocean. In 1990-1992 the 31st and 32nd Japanese Antarctic Research Expeditions conducted oceanographic observations in Lutzow-Holm Bay to reveal the at...

Reseñista D. L.

Suné S. Henning, and Louwrens C. Hoffman, and Marena Manley

Myoliquefaction of fish musculature results in customer quality complaints and in huge economic losses, especially with regard to Pacific hake (Merluccius productus), farm-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), South African pilchards (Sardinops ocellatus) and Cape snoek (Thyrsites atun). Myoliquefaction, or ‘jelly flesh’, is caused by proteolytic enzymes released by the marine myxosporean parasite, Kudoa thyrsites, after the death of the fish. Currently there are no fast methods of detection for...

Leslie Petrik, and Lesley Green, and Adeola P. Abegunde, and Melissa Zackon, and Cecilia Y. Sanusi, and Jo Barnes

Abbas Saghaei, and Maryam Rezazadeh-Saghaei, and Rasoul Noorossana, and Mehdi Doori

In many industrial and non-industrial applications the quality of a process or product is characterized by a relationship between a response variable and one or more explanatory variables. This relationship is referred to as profile. In the past decade, profile monitoring has been extensively studied under the normal response variable, but it has paid a little attention to the profile with the non-normal response variable. In this paper, the focus is especially on the binary response followed by...

Ruiyong Zhai, and Zhaoying Zhou, and Wendong Zhang, and Shengbo Sang, and Pengwei Li

This paper presents a flight control and navigation system for a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with low-cost micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) sensors. The system is designed under the inner loop and outer loop strategy. The trajectory tracking navigation loop is the outer loop of the attitude loop, while the attitude control loop is the outer loop of the stabilization loop. The proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control was adopted for stabilization and attitude control. The...

Marcela Cantillánez, and Carlos Riquelme, and Miguel Avendaño

En una granja marina ubicada colindante con el área de reserva marina “La Rinconada” (Antofagasta, Chile), se evaluó el asentamiento larval del pectínido Argopecten purpuratus sobre colectores impregnados con películas multi-específicas, de las diatomeas Navicula sp. y Amphora sp., y de la cepa bacteriana NC1, aisladas desde colectores utilizados en captaciones comerciales de esta especie que presentaron altos índices de fijación, y que bajo condiciones controladas de criadero y laboratorio, han...

Borelli Davide, and Gaggero Tomaso, and Rizzuto Enrico, and Schenone Corrado

The sustainability of anthropogenic activities at sea is recently gaining more and more attention. As regards shipping, emissions from ships into the environment of various nature (engine exhaust gases, anti-fouling paints leaching, ballast exchange, releases at sea of oil and other noxious liquid or solid cargoes, of sewage and of garbage) have been recognized as sources of pollution and therefore controlled and limited since a long time. The subject of noise emission has been identified only r...

Kapusta Andrzej, and Bogacka-Kapusta Elżbieta

The aim of this paper is to present the results of studies on the phenology of the spawning of fish in two lakes with different degrees of heated waters. The studies performed indicated that heating the waters distinctly hastened fish spawning in comparison to the same species of fish inhabiting waters with normal thermal conditions. Spawning usually occurred two to three weeks earlier in the heated Lake Licheńskie than it did in Lake Ślesińskie, which has waters with a natural thermal regime. A...

Żychlińska Małgorzata, and Żychliński Michał, and Siermontowski Piotr

Stress among naval mariners is caused by a new environment in the form of climate, noise, defective food, diseases or injuries, and others. Stress is aggravated by the lack of information, conflicts between mariners, changing decisions of superiors. The strongest stressor military action is the fear of losing life or health.

Paulo dos Santos Pompeu, and Luiz Felipe Mascarenhas Horta, and Carlos Barreira Martinez

This work aimed to experimentally evaluate the behavior of Brazilian freshwater fish species when submitted to a gradual increase in pressure, as well as sudden decompression's effects simulating the passage through a hydroelectric turbine. Four species from the São Francisco river basin were tested: Astyanax bimaculatus, Hypostomus sp., Leporinus reinhardti and Prochilodus costatus. For all of them mortality rates due to decompression were extremely low. However, the symptoms related to decompr...

O. Schmale, and M. Haeckel, and D. F. McGinnis

A steady state box model was developed to estimate the methane input into the Black Sea water column at various water depths. Our model results reveal a total input of methane of 4.7 Tg yr^&amp;minus;1. The model predicts that the input of methane is largest at water depths between 600 and 700 m (7% of the total input), suggesting that the dissociation of methane gas hydrates at water depths equivalent to their upper stability limit may represent an important source of methane into the...

Benjakul, S., and Laohabanjong, R., and Tantikitti, C.

Changes of chemical quality and physical properties of fish meal due to lipid oxidation under different storage conditions were studied using a 3-factor factorial design (2x2x4). Premium grade fish meal (72%protein) was divided into two portions, with and without ethoxyquin, each portion was then stored at either ambient temperature or 4oC for 0, 1.5, 3 and 4.5 months. The results showed no interaction between 3factors (supplemented with or without ethoxyquin, at 27-32oC and 4o and storage time)...

Juan Macchiavello, and Cristian Bulboa

The current study examined the nutrient uptake efficiency of Ulva lactuca and Gracilaria chilensis cultivated in tanks associated with the wastewater of a land-based abalone culture. The experiments evaluated different seaweed stocking densities (1200, 1900, 2600, and 3200 g m-2) and water exchange rates (60, 80, 125, and 250 L h-1). The results show that both U. lactuca and G. chilensis were efficient in capturing and removing all of the inorganic nutrients originating from the abalone cultivat...

Amanda W.J. Demopoulos, and Paul C. Sikkel

Parasitism, although the most common type of ecological interaction, is usually ignored in food web models and studies of trophic connectivity. Stable isotope analysis is widely used in assessing the flow of energy in ecological communities and thus is a potentially valuable tool in understanding the cryptic trophic relationships mediated by parasites. In an effort to assess the utility of stable isotope analysis in understanding the role of parasites in complex coral-reef trophic systems, we p...