Márcia S. de Menezes, and Érica P. Caramaschi

Hypostomus punctatus was collected between June/1987 and July/1988, in three sampling stations with different features, along the Ubatiba stream (Maricá, Rio de Janeiro state). Sampling stations 2 and 3 were more similar (50% similarity) to each other. The species was frequent and persistent in all sampling stations. The size varied from 1.0 to 22.2 cm. The occurrence of different size classes along the stream was probably related to the kind of environment. Young forms prevailed in the total sa...

TEODORA TEOFILOVA, and NIKOLAI KODZHABASHEV

The ground beetle fauna of the area of Cape Emine was studied. Over the period 2010 – 2012 adult carabid beetles were collected. The investigation was carried out at 13 sampling sites and pitfall traps were used. During the study altogether 12618 specimens were captured. Mathematical processing of the data by gradient analysis with methods for classification and ordination of the communities was performed. Analysis of distribution of the zoogeographical categories and life forms was done. T...

Arzu Taskiran Comez, and Dilek Ulker Cakir, and Funda Kirtay Tutunculer, and Baran Gencer, and Hasan Ali Tufan

<b>AIM:</b> We evaluated the relationship between increased intraocular pressure (IOP), ischemia-modified albumin levels in serum (IMA-s) and in humor aqueous (IMA-HA) in rabbits.<b>METHODS:</b> Twenty-five albino New Zealand rabbits weighing between 2.0 and 2.8 kg were used in this pilot study. With permission from Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Animal Ethics Committee, the IOP of both eyes of each rabbit were recorded with a Tonopen (Tono-Pen XL, Reichart Inc., Depew, NY, USA) after the app...

Elizabeti Y. Muto, and Lucy S. H. Soares, and Carmen L. D. B. Rossi-Wongtschowski

The demersal fish community of the Channel and shelf of São Sebastião (SP), on the southeastern Brazilian coast, was investigated during the summer of 1994. The sampling was carried out usinga bottom otter trawl at 26 stations located between 8 m and 65 m in depth. Ninety-three species of 40 families were identified in the area. Sciaenids were the most prominent in number of species, abundance, and weight. Ctenosciaena gracilicirrhus, Paralonchurus, brasiliensis, and Cynoscion jamaicensis domina...

Joaquín Jiménez Antillón, and Maricruz Vargas Camareno, and Noemi Quirós Bustos

<p>The efficiency of nopal cactus to remove color in river and artificial waters for human consumption was evaluated. The performance of nopal was compared with that of aluminum sulfate coagulant and a cationic flocculant.The river water was cha- racterized by high color, low turbidity, alkalinity and hardness, and a high percentage of dissolved oxygen.</p> <p>The cactus leaves showed no activity as unique coa- gulant to be evaluated only in river water. In artificial water, as a sole treatment ...

Nebuchadnezzar Akbar, and Neviaty P Zamani, and Hawis H Madduppa

Tuna sirip kuning (Thunnus albacores) adalah ikan komersial penting dan ditemukan di Laut Maluku, Indonesia. Tetapi, aktivitas penangkapan ikan tuna sirip kuning dapat menurunkan kualitas dan kuantitas stok ikan, sehingga perlu adanya pengkajian keragaman genetik ikan tuna sirip kuning. Pemahaman yang baik tentang keragaman genetika dibutuhkan untuk merencanakan strategi konservasi tuna yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik ikan tuna sirip kuning dari dua ...

Pojjanut Benjakul, and Paruhat Prommontri, and Chanya Chuenarrom, and Ureporn Leggat

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature of Thai sour curry with and without fermented shrimppaste (Kapi) on enamel hardness. The pH and the titratable acidity of the assigned food were determined for Kangsom withKapi and Kangsom without Kapi at 25C, 37C and 55C. Thirty six enamel specimens were randomly assigned into 6 groups.Each group was exposed to the assigned foods at 25C, 37C and 55C at 15 min interval for 3 periods and the last intervalsat 60 min. The enamel ...

Raiane Ribeiro Machado, and Márcio Lopes da Slva, and Carlos Cardoso Machado, and Helio Garcia Leite

Este trabalho teve por objetivo utilizar o modelo de avaliação do desempenho logístico de cadeias produtivas (ADELCAP) centrado nos tempos dos elementos do ciclo operacional do transporte de madeira, visando otimizar os recursos, garantir um fluxo contínuo de abastecimento e assegurar um volume adequado de entrada de madeira na fábrica. O ciclo operacional de transporte de madeira é composto pelo carregamento de madeira no campo, viagem carregada, descarregamento, garagem e viagem vazia. Para ta...

OȚEL Vasile, and NĂSTASE Aurel

The status of fish fauna from predeltaic area (Somova-Parches lake-complex from DDBR, Romania)is described in this paper. Fish community was sampled in 2009 and for sampling were used two complementary methods: electric fishing for shallow border zone and Nordic gillnet fishing for deep open water. The frequency ofoccurrence and the dominance in abundance analysis was based on 44 samples including 5,372 individuals since the dominance in biomass was based on almost 96 kg from both sampling metho...

A. G. C. Graham, and F. O. Nitsche, and R. D. Larter

The southern Bellingshausen Sea (SBS) is a rapidly-changing part of West Antarctica, where oceanic and atmospheric warming has led to the recent basal melting and break-up of the Wilkins ice shelf, the dynamic thinning of fringing glaciers, and sea-ice reduction. Accurate sea-floor morphology is vital for understanding the continued effects of each process upon changes within Antarctica's ice sheets. Here we present a new bathymetric grid for the SBS compiled from shipborne multibeam echo-sounde...

Moiseev A.A., and Utz SR.

<p>The purpose of the research was to study the diagnostic possibilities of the use of the active radiometry method for localized scleroderma (LS), both for monitoring the results of therapy, and for a comprehensive assessment of the functional state of body tissues in the study area, as well as the possibility of determining new foci of the disease. Material and Methods. In a pilot study, patients were presented with different forms of lesions and their different localization, as well as with d...

Sourabh Bhutani, and D K Ghosh, and C S Mohanty, and Chaitanya Kodange

Physical activity onboard the diesel-electric submarines is as it is restricted due to lack of space onboard. In the absence of physical activity, one would expect the weight of the submarine crew to increase during the period of deployment at sea. Submarine crew were seen to be consuming 3168±282 kCal/day while doing hard physical work but DIPAS, New Delhi designed ration scales for the submarine crew which were to provide 3640 kCal/day. In such a scenario, a high calorie intake with low physic...

Sourabh Bhutani, and Chaitanya Kodange, and D K Ghosh, and C S Mohanty

Introduction: Lack of physical activity is one of the major factor which affects crew health while onboard submarines at sea. Lack of physical activity along with increase in body weight and body fat content can lead to increase predisposition to lifestyle disorders in submarine crew. Materials and Methods: Omron Bioimpedance monitor to measure weight, body fat percentage and muscle mass of crew of a submarine while on a 26 days sortie. Pre-sailing and post-sailing measurements were compared and...

A Singhal, and R Ramasethu, and K I Mathai, and P Malviya

Background: A low back ache (LBA) is a common cause of outpatient referral which might lead to loss of man hours in service hospitals. In this survey we attempt to determine the proportion of all new referrals of LBA back pain across different specialities and possibly delineate patterns of their management at a tertiary care Naval Hospital. Materials & Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study which was conducted from 30 Jun to 15 July 14 at INHS Asvini in 11,673 patients who had...

Tapan Sinha, and Mrinal Kanti Das

Carlos Rodríguez-Leo , and Daria Camacho , and Viannellys Hernández , and Arianna Briceño, and María Mora , and Luis Pérez-Ybarra , and Karen Prieto

Chlamydia psittaci (Cp) is an obligate intracellular bacterium, capable of invading birds and mammals. The prevalence of Cp in adult free-living birds is less than 5%, however in captivity the frequency is very variable (5 - 90%). Cp infections represent a health problem for birds living in captive centers, since in some cases it can be fatal thus generating more concern in threatened species. Therefore, the purpose of this study was the detection of Cp through the nested PCR in birds in captivi...

Malyuk V.V.

The normative foundations in the field of durability ensuring have been considered. Experience in building and exploitation of hydraulic structures in severe hydrometeorological conditions of Sakhalin Island coast has been analyzed. The results of designing of concrete’s durability on the prescriptive base of normative documents are presented. The time period, which can be adopted as estimated lifetime of structures at the designing stage, is proposed. The main reasons of concrete’s degradation,...

Zhang Shiyuan, and Li Lianbo, and Li Xinze

In order to enhance water transport safety of the LNG ship and improve the objectivity of risk assessment of LNG ships navigation environment, the cloud model which can realize the conversion between qualitative and quantitative evaluation indexes is used to evaluate the LNG ships navigation environment. Combined with the Delphi method, cloud weight and cloud model of indexes at all levels in the evaluation system are determined. At the same time, simulation is carried out by MATLAB software and...

Thangapalam Jawahar Abraham

Objective: To study the distribution of marine luminous bacteria in shrimp culture systems of West Bengal and the effect of polyculture of shrimp with fish to reduce luminous bacteria. Methods: Luminous bacterial counts were enumerated by spread plating on seawater complex agar from shrimp grow-out pond water and pond sediment samples of West Bengal, India. Results: About 31.16% and 51.44% of pond sediment and pond water samples respectively had detectable levels of luminous bacteria. It wa...

R. L. Motta, and V. S. Uieda

The diet and trophic groups of an assemblage of aquatic insects were studied in a tropical stream. Genera of the orders Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Lepidoptera, and Hemiptera showed feeding specialization. Others, such as Trichoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera, showed great diet variation with genera of different trophic groups. Seasonal variation of insect diet, evident only for some genera of the orders Trichoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera, was due to the differences observe...

Gholamreza jahed Khaniki, and Parisa Sadighara, and Ramin Nabizadeh Nodehi, and Mahmood Alimohammadi, and Naiema Vakili Saatloo

Objective: To find effective method for carotenoids extraction from shrimp waste which is one of the important sources of natural carotenoids and produced in large quantities in Iran. Methods: Two methods of carotenoids extraction, enzymatic and alkaline (NaOH 1 normal) treatment, were assayed. About 5 g of gritted shrimp wastes were used at each stage. For alkaline treatment, sodium hydroxide were added to shrimp waste. After 48 h, the mixture was filtered and centrifuged. Results: Alcala...

T. A. Cardoso, and N. Nordi

This work was carried out in the Enseada da Baleia and Vila Rápida communities. Data was provided by the Co-Management Committee of the Cardoso Island State Park (PEIC) on manjuba fishery management, technique and strategies used by the fishermen, as well as locally accumulated knowledge. Based on the results, social, ecological, and economic aspects of this type of fishing were analyzed. The importance of the accumulated knowledge and experience of this community, as well as the limitations imp...

Salal P., and Faliex E., and De Buron I., and Morand S.

Most studies which aim at detecting effects of parasites on fish show that intermediate stages of parasites affect their host while adult parasites are usually less virulent in the final host. We studied the effect of the acanthocephalan Acanthocephaloides propinquus on one of its final hosts, the fish Gobius bucchichii. This study showed that the adult parasites affect host fitness. Moreover, our results showed that at the same level of infection in male and female gobiids, the female's reprodu...

A. Caliman, and LS. Carneiro, and JM. Santangelo, and RD. Guariento, and APF. Pires, and AL. Suhett, and LB. Quesado, and V. Scofield, and ES. Fonte, and PM. Lopes, and LF. Sanches, and FD. Azevedo, and CC. Marinho, and RL. Bozelli, and FA. Esteves, and VF. Farjalla

Temporal coherence (i.e., the degree of synchronicity of a given variable among ecological units within a predefined space) has been shown for several limnological features among temperate lakes, allowing predictions about the structure and function of ecosystems. However, there is little evidence of temporal coherence among tropical aquatic systems, where the climatic variability among seasons is less pronounced. Here, we used data from long-term monitoring of physical, chemical and biological ...

Aleksandar Cakić

U raduje data definicija logističkog kontrolinga u logističkim sistemima Prikazane su njegove osnovne funkcije, kao i mesto i uloga u upravljanju savremenim logističkim sistemima. Pregledno je prikazano kako pojedini autori definišu pojam i funkcije logističkog kontrolinga u savremenim logističkim sistemima. / In this paper a definition of logistic controlling in logistic systems has been given. The basic functions of logistic controlling are shown as well as its place and role in managing moder...

Gürel Türkmen, and Hülya Saygı

Tešić Milan, and Baltić Milan Ž., and Teodorović Vlado, and Mirilović Milorad, and Nedić Drago, and Marković Todor, and Marković Radmila, and Aleksić-Agelidis Aleksandra

Production and catch of fish in Serbia increases from year to year, while in the world it reached its peak at the beginning of this century. Serbia has all the favorable natural and economic conditions for further development of fishing. Out of total production, that is, annual fish catch in Serbia, the greatest part is sold by organized purchase, lower part is exported, and the reminder goes to the market through retail. It is well known that food consumption, therefore fish c...

Keisha D. Bahr, and Paul L. Jokiel, and Kuʻulei S. Rodgers

Until recently, subtropical Hawaiʻi escaped the major bleaching events that have devastated many tropical regions, but the continued increases in global long-term mean temperatures and the apparent ending of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) cool phase have increased the risk of bleaching events. Climate models and observations predict that bleaching in Hawaiʻi will occur with increasing frequency and increasing severity over future decades. A freshwater “kill” event occurred during July 201...

El-Akkary IM, and El-Khouly ZA, and El-Seweify ME, and El-Batouti GA, and Abdel Aziz E, and Adam AI

Ibrahim M El-Akkary,1 Zeinat Abdel-Fatah El-Khouly,2 Mervat El-Sayed El-Seweify,1 Gihan A El-Batouti,3 Ekhlas Abdel Aziz,2 Abdelnasser I Adam1 1Department of Human Physiology, 2Department of Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt Background: Whatever the initial stimulus for the exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) observed in asthmatic patients after...

Victoria D. Chamizo, and Raúl D. Manteinga

Se entrenó a unas ratas a encontrar una plataforma invisible definida por una&#xD; configuración de dos objetos en la mitad de los ensayos y por una segunda&#xD; configuración de dos objetos en la otra mitad. Los objetos estaban espaciados&#xD; alrededor del borde de la piscina. Las dos configuraciones se presentaron con&#xD; la misma frecuencia cada día, entremezcladas semi-al azar. En el Experimento&#xD; 1, las configuraciones de las ratas fueron A y B (configuración 1), y B y C&#xD; (configur...

Luiz Evaristo Ricci Volpato, and Annelyze Podolan Kloster, and Lenieser Fajardo Nunes, and Fabio Luis Miranda Pedro, and Alvaro Henrique Borges

Aim: To analyze the cariogenic microbiota of children who are under antineoplastic therapy. Methods: Twenty-seven patients undergoing cancer treatment in the Pediatric Unit of Mato Grosso Cancer Hospital were selected. The inclusion criteria of volunteers were being under chemotherapy in the saliva collection period, age between 2 and 18 years, collaborate with the protocol for clinical examination and saliva collection, and responsible have given their written consent. For the realization of la...

Mohamed Shaltout, and Anders Omstedt

We analyse recent Mediterranean Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and their response to global change using 1/4-degree gridded advanced very-high-resolution radiometer (AVHRR) daily SST data, 1982–2012. These data indicate significant annual warming (from 0.24 °C decade−1 west of the Strait of Gibraltar to 0.51 °C decade−1 over the Black Sea) and significant spatial variation in annual average SST (from 15 °C over the Black Sea to 21 °C over the Levantine sub-basin). Ensemble mean scenarios indica...

Stephen R. Scherrer, and Brendan P. Rideout, and Giacomo Giorli, and Eva-Marie Nosal, and Kevin C. Weng

Background Passive acoustic telemetry using coded transmitter tags and stationary receivers is a popular method for tracking movements of aquatic animals. Understanding the performance of these systems is important in array design and in analysis. Close proximity detection interference (CPDI) is a condition where receivers fail to reliably detect tag transmissions. CPDI generally occurs when the tag and receiver are near one another in acoustically reverberant settings. Here we confirm transmiss...

Salvatore Barbagallo, and Giuseppe L. Cirelli, and Alessia Marzo, and Mirco Milani, and Attilio Toscano

In this paper the first results of an experiment carried out in Southern Italy (Sicily) on the evapotranspiration (ET) and removal in constructed wetlands with five plant species are presented. The pilot plant used for this study is made of twelve horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetlands (each with a surface area of 4.5 m2) functioning in parallel, and it is used for tertiary treatment of part of the effluents from a conventional municipal wastewater treatment plant (trickling filter). T...

Katharina Eichbaum Esteves, and Maria Ângela Cabianca, and Daniella da Silva, and Sandra Vieira Costa, and Cacilda Thais Janson Mercante

A qualidade da água de 30 pesque-pague da região metropolitana de São Paulo foi avaliada através de variáveis abióticas nos períodos seco e chuvoso em setembro de 2001 e fevereiro de 2002. A alcalinidade variou entre 10,5 a 95,0 CaCO3/L; a condutividade variou entre 10,2 a 390,0 μS/cm; o pH de 5,80 a 8,10. O oxigênio dissolvido de 5,20 a 12,40 mg/L; a porcentagem de de saturação esteve acima de 100%; a turbidez entre 11 a 270 NTU; a temperatura da água de 18 a 27°C. A transparência da água vario...

Milton P. Ávila, and Rafaela Neves Carvalho, and Lilian Casatti, and Juliana Simião-Ferreira, and Lorrane Faria de Morais, and Fabrício B. Teresa

ABSTRACT The development of effective monitoring tools depends on finding sensitive metrics that are capable of detecting the most important environmental impacts at a given region. We assessed if metrics derived from stream fish assemblages reflect physical habitat degradation and changes in land cover. We sampled the ichthyofauna and environmental characteristics of 16 stream sites of first and second order in the Upper Tocantins River basin. The streams were classified according to their envi...

Ive Nerhus, and Maria Wik Markhus, and Bente M. Nilsen, and Jannike Øyen, and Amund Maage, and Elisabeth Rasmussen Ødegård, and Lisa Kolden Midtbø, and Sylvia Frantzen, and Tanja Kögel, and Ingvild Eide Graff, and Øyvind Lie, and Lisbeth Dahl, and Marian Kjellevold

Iodine is a trace element required for the production of thyroid hormones, essential for metabolism, growth and brain development, particularly in the first trimester of pregnancy. Milk and lean fish are the main dietary sources of iodine in the Norwegian diet. Thus, the aim of the present study was to provide updated analysed values of iodine concentration in six fish species, 27 selected Norwegian iodine-rich dairy foods and Norwegian hen’s eggs. The iodine concentrations in the wild fish spec...

Emeti Ana, and Vasiljević Dragana, and Primorac Marija, and Vuleta Gordana

Sea water, salt and mud have been used for centuries in beautification treatments, but their active ingredients have become a recent challenge in formulating new cosmetic products. Cosmetic ingredients which originate from the sea, are mostly obtained from algae, microalgae, marine sponges, corals and microorganisms. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are new cosmetic ingredients produced by marine micro-organisms. They are used to protect skin from harmful external influences, give it softness and minimi...

Jean Carlos Dantas de Oliveira, and Jônnata Fernandes de Oliveira, and Luzia Geize Fernandes Rebouças, and José Luís Costa Novaes, and Danielle Peretti

Abstract Aim: To evaluate the fish feeding and to establish the preferential and secondary items of their diets, to determine the trophic guilds and the possible trophic structure variations in function of the water volume in Umari reservoir, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazilian semiarid. Methods The fish were captured quarterly between February and November of 2013, with gill nets with different meshes, being the apparatuses exposed at 5:00 p.m., with removal at 5:00 a.m. The food items were identi...

N. Arfa, and A. Allami

Background: According to national tuberculosis control guide, two-step tuberculin skin test (TST) should be done in the elderly, if the initial test is negative. However, it raises questions about the usefulness of this approach. Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of fish oil supplements on the two-step tuberculin test in hospitalized patients. Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 128 patients randomly allocated to control group (receiving placebo, n=64) and ...

R. P. M. Topper, and P. Th. Meijer

A high-resolution parallel ocean model is set up to examine how the sill depth of the Atlantic connection affects circulation and water characteristics in the Mediterranean Basin. An analysis of the model performance, comparing model results with observations of the present-day Mediterranean, demonstrates its ability to reproduce observed water characteristics and circulation (including deep water formation). A series of experiments with different sill depths in the Atlantic–Medite...

Maria van Leeuwe, and Letizia Tedesco, and Kevin R. Arrigo, and Philipp Assmy, and Karley Campbell, and Klaus M. Meiners, and Janne-Markus Rintala, and Virginia Selz, and David N. Thomas, and Jacqueline Stefels

Sea ice is one the largest biomes on earth, yet it is poorly described by biogeochemical and climate models. In this paper, published and unpublished data on sympagic (ice-associated) algal biodiversity and productivity have been compiled from more than 300 sea-ice cores and organized into a systematic framework. Significant patterns in microalgal community structure emerged from this framework. Autotrophic flagellates characterize surface communities, interior communities consist of mixed micro...

Monique A. Ladds, and David A. Rosen, and David J. Slip, and Robert G. Harcourt

The energy expenditure of free-living fur seals and sea lions is difficult to measure directly, but may be indirectly derived from flipper stroke rate. We filmed 10 captive otariids swimming with accelerometers either attached to a harness (Daily Diary: sampling frequency 32 Hz, N=4) or taped to the fur (G6a+: 25 Hz, N=6). We used down sampling to derive four recording rates from each accelerometer (Daily Diary: 32, 16, 8, 4 Hz; G6a+: 25, 20, 10, 5 Hz). For each of these sampling frequencies, we...

Gianluca Frediani

<p>Haliç (The Golden Horn) is a mythical place that belongs not only to the history of Istanbul but to the whole of Europe. At Haliç land and sea merge: the natural harbour of ancient Constantinople, home to the naval arsenal and place of delights, it saw its natural and urban state change completely in the final phases of the Ottoman Empire. Its recent history has been marked by a process of intense industrialization, developing uncontrollably on its banks between the 19^th and 20<sup...

Leonardo J. Magnoni, and Juan Antonio Martos-Sitcha, and Augusto Queiroz, and Josep Alvar Calduch-Giner, and José Fernando Magalhães Gonçalves, and Cristina M. R. Rocha, and Helena T. Abreu, and Johan W. Schrama, and Rodrigo O. A. Ozorio, and Jaume Pérez-Sánchez

Intensive aquaculture practices involve rearing fish at high densities. In these conditions, fish may be exposed to suboptimal dissolved O2 levels with an increased formation of reactive O2 species (ROS) in tissues. Seaweeds (SW) contain biologically active substances with efficient antioxidant capacities. This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of heat-treated SW (5% Gracilaria vermiculophylla or 5% Ulva lactuca) on stress bioindicators in sea bream subjected to a hypoxic ch...

Leonardo A. Miceli, and Alessandra M. T. de Souza, and Carlos R. Rodrigues, and Izabel C. N. P. Paixão, and Valéria L. Teixeira, and Helena C. Castro

HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT) is a therapeutic target for the treatment of HIV-positive individuals or those already showing AIDS symptoms. In this perspective, the identification of new inhibitors for this enzyme is of great importance in view of the growing viral resistance to the existing treatments. This resistance has compromised the quality of life of those infected with multidrug-resistant strains, whose treatment options are already limited, putting at risk these individuals liv...

Thaisa Francielle S. Domingos, and Magui Aparecida Vallim, and Carla Carvalho, and Eladio Flores Sanchez, and Valéria Laneuville Teixeira, and André Lopes Fuly

The effect of a Brazilian algae extract and also a mixture of two secodolastane diterpenes (linearol/isolinearol) that were isolated from the marine brown alga Canistrocarpus cervicornis were evaluated against biological activities of Lachesis muta snake venom. In vitro assays showed that the crude extract and the diterpenes were able to inhibit the clotting and proteolytic activity induced by L. muta crude venom, but not the hemolytic activity. However, only the diterpenes inhibited the hemolys...

Néstor E. Ardila, and Diana P. Báez, and Ángel Valdés

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Erika Montoya-Cadavid, and Paola Flórez-Romero, and Judith E. Winston

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Paola Andrea Rojas M., and Luis A. Zapata

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