Tsuneo Odate, and Toru Hirawake, and Mitsuo Fukuchi

Underwater light intensity was measured as photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at four sites near Syowa Station, Antarctica, on 30 December 1996, and 3, 11, 17, and 29 January 1997. The sites were covered with several different thicknesses of sea ice (2.06-3.64m) and snow (0.04-0.70m). The estimated PAR intensities just under the sea ice were 0.1-6.6μmolm^-2s^-1. There was a significant negative correlation between sea ice thickness and PAR just under the sea ice. A similar relationship wa...

A. Padash, and S.A. Jozi, and S.M.B. Nabavi, and B. Dehzad

In recent decades, necessity to protect environment has been a serious concern for all people and international communities. In appropriate development of human economic activities, subsistence dependence of the growing world population on nature decreases the natural diversity of ecosystems and habitats day by day and provides additional constraints for life and survival of wildlife. As a result, implementation of programs to protect species and ecosystems is of great importance. The current st...

Adam L. Beckman, and Magdalena M. Wilson, and Vishaal Prabhu, and Nicola Soekoe, and Humberto Mata, and Lauretta E. Grau

In 2013 approximately 37,000 people were living with HIV in Ecuador (prevalence 0.4%), representing a generalized epidemic where most new infections arise from sexual interactions in the general population. Studies that examine attitudes towards people living with HIV (PLWH), individual risk perception of acquiring HIV amongst Ecuadorians, and the ways in which levels of risk perception may affect risk behaviors are lacking. This qualitative study aimed to fill this gap in the literature by inve...

Renata Jurema Medeiros, and Lisia Maria Gobbo dos Santos, and Jaylei Monteiro Gonçalves, and Ana Maria Cheble Bahia Braga, and Thomas Manfred Krauss, and Silvana do Couto Jacob

The present study estimated the human daily and weekly intake of inorganic elements due to consumption of fish in Rio de Janeiro state and the associated potential health risks posed by some toxic elements. All samples analyzed had values of Cd and Pb below the Maximum Tolerable Limits of 3.0 mg kg−1 for Pb and 1.0 mg kg−1 for Cd; only Mugil cephalus, Cynoscion leiarchus and Caranx crysos had As concentrations below 1 mg kg−1, maximum limit established by Brazilian legislation. The higher values...

Vanessa Cuenca, and Rubén Paredes, and José Cóndor

This paper describes experimental formulations of polymeric solutions through lab evaluations with the objective of finding optimum solution concentration to fluid mobility in reservoirs as previous step before implementing a pilot project of enhanced oil recovery. The polymers, firstly, were selected based on the properties from fluids from reservoir. Two types of polymers were used TCC-330 and EOR909 and the experimental tests were: thermal stability, compatibility, adsorption, salinity, and d...

Maurizio eTosin, and Miriam eWeber, and Michela eSiotto, and Christian eLott, and Francesco eDegli-Innocenti

In this technology report, three test methods were developed to characterize the degradation of plastic in marine environment. The aim was to outline a test methodology to measure the physical and biological degradation in different habitats where plastic waste can deposit when littered in the sea. Previously, research has focused mainly on the conditions encountered by plastic items when floating in the sea water (pelagic domain). However, this is just one of the possible habitats that plastic ...

Y. Tomikawa, and M. Tsutsumi

Characteristics of the diurnal tide in the Antarctic mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) are investigated using 10 years of medium frequency (MF) radar data from Syowa Station (69° S, 39.6° E). Seasonal variations and height dependence of the diurnal amplitude and phase of zonal and meridional winds are mostly consistent with previous studies using the other Antarctic station data. The meridional momentum flux due to the diurnal tide shows a seasonal variation clearly different...

Rafael eGonçalves-Araujo, and Rafael eGonçalves-Araujo, and Colin Andrew Stedmon, and Birgit eHeim, and Ivan eDubinenkov, and Ivan eDubinenkov, and Alexandra eKraberg, and Denis eMoiseev, and Astrid eBracher, and Astrid eBracher

Connectivity between the terrestrial and marine environment in the Artic is changing as a result of climate change, influencing both freshwater budgets and the supply of carbon to the sea. This study characterizes the optical properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) within the Lena Delta region and evaluates the behavior of DOM across the fresh water-marine gradient. Six fluorescent components (four humic-like; one marine humic-like; one protein-like) were identified by Parallel Factor Analy...

Anjana S Wajekar, and Sweta V Salgaonkar, and Indrani H Chincholi, and Anita N Shetty

Background and Aims: Research is an integral component of medical education and practice. However, the art of medical writing remains neglected. Case report writing marks foray into the world of publications and presentations. We assessed and compared the impact of basic medical writing workshop about case report writing and their perception levels of confidence in these skills, among post-graduate anaesthesia students. Methods: A needs assessment for medical writing skills was performed among a...

Sarita Gupta, and Vikram K Mahajan, and Rajinder S Yadav, and Karaninder S Mehta, and Satya Bhushan, and Pushpinder S Chauhan, and Ritu Rawat, and Vikas Sharma

Background: The anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-proliferative effects of vitamin D in pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases have been highlighted in recent years but implications of vitamin D deficiency in systemic sclerosis (SSc) remain understudied. Objectives: To evaluate serum vitamin D levels in SSc patients and matched controls. Materials and Methods: Serum vitamin D levels were estimated in 38 (M:F 5:33) patients aged 23–70 years of untreated SSc and age and gender matched hea...

Peter Ngan, and Uyen Kelly Nguyen, and Tung Nguyen, and Timothy Tremont, and Chris Martin

Introduction: Microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) has recently been offered to adult patients for correcting maxillary transverse deficiency. However, there is limited information in the literature on the success of this appliance and its skeletal and dental effects on skeletally matured patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate skeletal, dentoalveolar, and periodontal response to MARPE appliance using cone-beam computed tomography in a skeletally mat...

Oleksii Drozhzhyn, and Oksana Revenko

Ji Hyun Kim, and Sung Min Cho, and Jong-Hee Chae

Trimethylaminuria (TMAuria), known as “fish odor syndrome,” is a congenital metabolic disorder characterized by an odor resembling that of rotting fish. This odor is caused by the secretion of trimethylamine (TMA) in the breath, sweat, and body secretions and the excretion of TMA along with urine. TMAuria is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3). Most TMAuria cases are caused by missense mutations, but nonsense mutations have also been re...

M. Saito, and S. Onodera, and G. Hidaka, and G. Hidaka, and M. Tokumasu

In order to evaluate the effects of non-stationary nutrient transport on the coastal seaweed cultivation, variations of the seaweed yield, nutrient condition of seawater, rainfall and nutrient transport from the river, observed over the last 40 years were examined to characterize the long-term trends and the influencing factors on the variation of seaweed yield. The results show that seaweed yield increased until 1973, then decreased in recent years. The recent condition of nutrients in se...

Alain Sommier, and Elisabeth Dumoulin, and Imen Douiri, and Christophe Chipeau

The quality of baked products is the complex, multidimensional result of a recipe, and a controlled heating process to produce the desired final properties such as taste, colour, shape, structure and density. The process of baking a sponge cake in a convective oven at different air temperatures (160-180-220 °C) leading to the same loss of mass was considered in this study. A special mould was used which allowed unidirectional heat transfer in the batter. Instrumentation was developed specificall...

Tamari eKokashvili, and Chris eWhitehouse, and Ana eTskhvediani, and Christopher John Grim, and Christopher John Grim, and Tinatin eElbakidze, and Nino eMitaishvili, and Nino eJanelidze, and Ekaterine eJaiani, and Bradd eHaley, and Nino eLashkhi, and Anwar eHuq, and Rita eColwell, and Rita eColwell, and Marina eTediashvili

Among the more than 70 different Vibrio species inhabiting marine, estuarine, and freshwater ecosystems, 12 are recognized as human pathogens. The warm subtropical climate of the Black Sea coastal area and inland regions of Georgia likely provides a favorable environment for various Vibrio species. From 2006 to 2009, the abundance, ecology, and diversity of clinically important Vibrio species were studied in different locations in Georgia and across seasons. Over a 33-month period, 1,595 presump...

Henry Borbón, and Sandra Váldes, and Javier Alvarado-Mesén, and Roy Soto, and Ilena Vega

Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial and antifungal activities of the aqueous and partitioned extract of sea anemone Anthopleura nigrescens (A. nigrescens). Methods: The sea anemone A. nigrescens was collected, minced, homogenized, lyophilized and then further partitioned with diethyl ether, acetone, ethanol and water. These fractions were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Results: Acetone extract was found to produce a pronounced inhibition of 7.0 ...

Claudia Mello-Thoms

Anju Dubey, and Anupam Verma, and Priti Elhence, and Prashant Agarwal

Background: Apart from inhibitor development in patients with hemophilia (PWH) the old problems of blood borne viral infections and red cell alloimmunization still persist in PWH from developing countries. This study was planned to detect the presence of inhibitors in our PWH and to determine the presence of transfusion transmitted infections (TTI) markers and clinically significant red cell alloantibodies in these patients. Materials and Methods: One hundred fourteen PWH were screened for vario...

Voutilainen A., and Huuskonen H.

In this study, we report the changes in the water quality and fish community of a large boreal lake (Lake Pyhäselkä, Finland) in 1975–2005, when the lake was affected first by industrial and municipal sewage discharge and then by rising water temperatures. In the 1980s, the lake’s trophic state proceeded from oligotrophic to mesotrophic, which favoured cyprinids. The increased cyprinid density strengthened the competition pressure on perch ...

Cristian-Teodor BURUIANĂ, and Alina Georgiana PROFIR, and Camelia VIZIREANU

The ingestion of a large amount of certain types of beneficial bacteria can reduce the multiplication and development of pathogenic bacteria in the gut. A “probiotic” is a product that contains live microorganisms which positively influence the host intestinal microbiota by preventing the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria and promoting the growth and development of beneficial bacteria. Bacillus spp. are Gram-positive endospore-forming bacteria with beneficial effects in aquaculture industry. ...

Monica Lins-de-Barros, and Débora O. Pires

Wadasadawala Tabassum, and Murthy Vedang, and Mahantshetty Umesh, and Engineer Reena, and Shrivastava Shyamkishore, and Dinshaw Ketayun

<b>Background:</b> The side effects of various treatments for prostate cancer have a measurable impact on the general as well as disease-related quality of life, which is of pivotal concern as an outcome measure. <b>Aim:</b> Translation and pilot testing of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) prostate cancer-specific module (PR-25) into Hindi and Marathi. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The translation procedure described by the EORTC was adopted; this comprised ...

Laercio Duarte Souza, and Luciano da Silva Souza, and Carlos Alberto da Silva Ledo

Um pomar de laranja 'Baianinha' enxertada sobre limão 'Cravo' com 10 anos de idade, recebeu, neste período, práticas culturais de roçadeira no inverno e grade no verão, com três capinas manuais na linha por ano. Instalado em Latossolo Amarelo, nos Tabuleiros Costeiros, apresentava problemas de fitossanidade e produtividade, oriundos do impedimento ao desenvolvimento de raízes e exploração do solo e da água, ocasionados pelas camadas coesas características destes solos. Com o objetivo de aumentar...

Gabriela De Luccia, and Karin Zazo Ortiz

BACKGROUND: From a neuropsychological point of view calculation is a very complex function. A simple arithmetic operation demands many neurocognitive mechanisms that involve verbal, spatial and graphical processing, memory and attention. OBJECTIVE: To verify the calculation and number processing of healthy subjects and the effect of gender, age and schooling on their performance. METHOD: Forty-four normal subjects without complaints or neurological changes were evaluated. RESULTS: The educationa...

Claire Stevens, and Lion Shahab, and Robert West

Abstract Objectives: To determine the utility of the Risk Acceptance Ladder (RAL) as a measure for gauging self-reported reasons for participation in a range of health behaviours, and as a basis for targeting behaviour change interventions. Design: Randomised controlled trial. Methods: A sample of 639 UK adults (18+ years) were recruited into an online study and asked about their participation in four health behaviours; smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, fruit and vegetable c...

Márcio Marreiro das Chagas, and Luciano Menezes Bezerra Sampaio, and Kaline Elizama Bezerra Santos

This paper analysis tourism destination image influences on satisfaction and loyalty to Sun and Sea tourism destinations, investigating Natal/RN as a case. Quality dimensions were control variables. Therefore, it was conducted an exploratory and descriptive research with quantitative analytical approach. Data collection was performed by a questionnaire addressed to International tourists at the Augusto Severo International Airport. The composition was a simple random sampling by reaching the fin...

Grzegorz Lewandowski

Over the last several years there has seen a dynamic development of methods and techniques of logistics management in enterprises. For the efficient functioning of all trade and manufacturing companies, regardless the core of its production and the scale of its activities, it is necessary to acquire resources. Mismanagement of resources translates directly into company performance. High quality of the finished products guarantees the success of the company. Customer satisfaction plays an importa...

J. Holt, and P. Hyder, and M. Ashworth, and J. Harle, and H. T. Hewitt, and H. Liu, and A. L. New, and S. Pickles, and A. Porter, and E. Popova, and J. I. Allen, and J. Siddorn, and R. Wood

Accurately representing coastal and shelf seas in global ocean models represents one of the grand challenges of Earth system science. They are regions of immense societal importance through the goods and services they provide, hazards they pose and their role in global-scale processes and cycles, e.g. carbon fluxes and dense water formation. However, they are poorly represented in the current generation of global ocean models. In this contribution, we aim to briefly characterise the problem, and...

Wilfred F.M. eRoling, and Peter M. evan Bodegom

Molecular ecology approaches are rapidly advancing our insights into the microorganisms involved in the degradation of marine oil spills and their metabolic potentials. Yet, many questions remain open: How do oil-degrading microbial communities assemble in terms of functional diversity, species abundances and organisation and what are the drivers? How do the functional properties of microorganisms scale to processes at the ecosystem level? How does mass flow among species, and which factors and ...

D. M. Lumbroso, and N. R. Suckall, and R. J. Nicholls, and K. D. White

Recent events in the USA have highlighted a lack of resilience in the coastal population to coastal flooding, especially amongst disadvantaged and isolated communities. Some low-income countries, such as Cuba and Bangladesh, have made significant progress towards transformed societies that are more resilient to the impacts of cyclones and coastal flooding. To understand how this has come about, a systematic review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature related to resilience of communitie...

Štěpán Lang, and Jan Mareš, and Radovan Kopp

The fish production in aquaculture is growing from year to year. However capacities of current aquaculture facilities are limited. So the need of intensification of old facilities and building new intensive facilities is obvious. The high intensity of fish culture generates some questions. Could water reuse affect fish growth, welfare, health or quality of final product? A lot of research was performed for this issue but just a few works compared water reuse systems (RAS) versus flow thru system...

M.V. TRIANTAPHYLLOU, and O. KOUKOUSIOURA, and M.D. DIMIZA

During the last decades, hundreds of species of Indo-Pacific origin from the Red Sea have traversed the Suez Canal and settled in the Eastern Mediterranean. Nowadays, Amphistegina lobifera Larsen, is known to be a successful immigrant that is widely distributed in the coastal ecosystems of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Amphistegina is the most common epiphytic, symbiont- bearing large foraminifer. In this study we provide additional data on the presence of this species in the coastal ecosystems...

D. Booge, and C. A. Marandino, and C. Schlundt, and P. I. Palmer, and M. Schlundt, and E. L. Atlas, and A. Bracher, and A. Bracher, and E. S. Saltzman, and D. W. R. Wallace

We use isoprene and related field measurements from three different ocean data sets together with remotely sensed satellite data to model global marine isoprene emissions. We show that using monthly mean satellite-derived chl <i>a</i> concentrations to parameterize isoprene with a constant chl <i>a</i> normalized isoprene production rate underpredicts the measured oceanic isoprene concentration by a mean factor of 19 ± 12. Improving the model by using phytoplankton functional type dependen...

S. Bonaglia, and A. Hylén, and J. E. Rattray, and M. Y. Kononets, and N. Ekeroth, and P. Roos, and B. Thamdrup, and V. Brüchert, and P. O. J. Hall

Over the last decades, the impact of human activities on the global nitrogen (N) cycle has drastically increased. Consequently, benthic N cycling has mainly been studied in anthropogenically impacted estuaries and coasts, while in oligotrophic systems its understanding is still scarce. Here we report on benthic solute fluxes and on rates of denitrification, anammox, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) studied by in situ incubations with benthic chamber landers during two cruis...

Giulia Gatti, and Monica Montefalcone, and Alessio Rovere, and Valeriano Parravicini, and Carla Morri, and Giancarlo Albertelli, and Carlo Nike Bianchi

In the last ten years, European Directives stressed the necessity to assess the ecological status of marine habitats by means of ecosystem or landscape indicators, rather than just species or chemical ones. In this paper, the seascape approach to characterise and assess the ecological quality of coralligenous rocky shoals of Vado Ligure (Savona, Italy) is introduced. This approach integrates biological, mesological and geomorphological information collected with a Rapid Visual Assessment techniq...

J. Jung, and H. Furutani, and M. Uematsu, and S. Kim, and S. Yoon

Aerosol, rainwater, and sea fog water samples were collected during the cruise conducted over the subarctic western North Pacific Ocean in the summer of 2008, in order to estimate dry, wet, and sea fog deposition fluxes of atmospheric inorganic nitrogen (N). During sea fog events, mean number densities of particles with diameters larger than 0.5 μm decreased by 12–78%, suggesting that particles with diameters larger than 0.5 μm could act preferentially as condensation nuclei (CN) for sea fog dro...

S.O. Effiom, and B.N. Nwankwojike, and F.I. Abam

The paper presents an economic cost evaluation on the feasibility of offshore wind turbine (OWT) farms development in Nigeria, using a 500 MW OWT farm as an incident study. A developed model was used to evaluate the economic cost of the OWTs at different phases of the project. Additionally, the effect of the cost drivers at the changed phases of the OWTs was studied correspondingly. Results obtained showed that over 50% of the OWT project cost emanated from CAPEX while a value less than 50% came...

Linda Maria Koldau

Submarine films can be regarded as a genre with a specific semantic and syntactical structure that heavily depends on the acoustemological nature of submarine warfare. The sound design in submarine films therefore has decisive dramatic and emotive functions. The article presents the sound effects most specific to submarine films and discusses the creative potential they offer both as diegetic sounds bound to submarine existence and as emotive cues with an immediate effect on the audience.

Hakan Kaykaç, and Adnan Tokaç, and Hüseyin Özbilgin

We investigated the differences between size selectivity of a commercial codend (40 mm diamond mesh – 40D), a larger mesh codend (48 mm diamond mesh – 48D), and a square mesh codend (40 mm square mesh – 40S) for Parapenaeus longirostris in international waters of the Aegean Sea. Selectivity data were collected by using a covered codend method and analysed taking between-haul variation into account. The results indicate significant increases in L50 values in relation to an increase in mesh size a...

Mark T.J. Vredegoor, and Bartjan J.W. Pennink

Stimson, et al. (2009) developed one of the most relevant and well known model for Regional Eco- nomic Development. This model covers the most important factors related to economic develop- ment question. However, this model excludes the social components of development. Local com- munity should be included in terms of the development of a region. This paper introduced to the Stimson model “Skills” and “Knowledge” at the individual level for local actors indicating the ca- pabilities at the indi...

Giulio Cocco, and Elisa Langiano, and Vincenza Mattiello, and Bruno Federico, and Adele Gentile, and Elisabetta De Vito

<p><strong>Background</strong>: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) represents one of the main causes of hospitalization, disability and mortality worldwide; it is predicted that by the year 2020 it will become the third leading cause of death and the fifth leading cause of disability in industrialized countries. An educational programme has been proposed to allow the COPD patient to prevent or to deal with a reacutisation.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: The project involved 50 patient...

Maria Semkovska, and Elayne Ahern

Major depression is a highly prevalent psychopathology with high relapse rates. Following remission from a depressive episode, neurocognitive difficulties in attention, working memory and executive function often persist, preventing full clinical recovery. These neurocognitive deficits are often present since the first depressive episode and have been shown to predict relapse. The efficacy of computerised neurocognitive remediation therapy (NCRT) to improve attention, memory and executive functi...

Pattanathu K S M Rahman, and Kamaljeet K Sekhon Randhawa

J. Figueiredo da Silva, and J. Figueiredo da Silva, and R. W. Duck, and R. W. Duck, and J. B. Catarino, and J. B. Catarino

The Ria de Aveiro is an estuary–coastal lagoon system connected to the Atlantic Ocean by a channel with a cross-sectional area that, for more than a century, has increased steadily, partly because of dredging over the last 50 years. Local ocean tides, with amplitudes of up to 3 m, are today transmitted to the lagoon by the single, engineered inlet channel and propagate to the end of the lagoon channels as a damped progressive wave. The increase in tidal amplitude with time has affected...

L. Cardilo-Reis, and M.C.M. Cavalcante, and C.B.M. Silveira, and M.S.G. Pavão

In the ascidian Styela plicata, the oocytes are surrounded by two types of accessory cells named follicle cells and test cells. A heparin-like substance with an anticoagulant activity equivalent to 10% of mammalian heparin and about 5% as potent as the mammalian counterpart for the inhibition of thrombin by antithrombin was isolated from the oocyte test cells. In the present study, we compared the antithrombotic and hemorrhagic effects of sea squirt oocyte test cell heparin with those of porcine...

H. Geng, and Y. Park, and H. Hwang, and S. Kang, and C.-U. Ro

Low-<i>Z</i> particle electron probe X-ray microanalysis (low-<i>Z</i> particle EPMA) shows powerful advantages for the characterization of ambient particulate matter in environmental and geological applications. By the application of the low-<i>Z</i> particle EPMA single particle analysis, an overall examination of 1800 coarse and fine particles (aerodynamic diameters: 2.5–10 μm and 1.0–2.5 μm, respectively) in six samples collected on 28 April–1 May 2006 in the marine boundary layer (MBL) of t...

Fernando Navarro Valdivielso, and Fernando Jiménez Díaz, and Andrés Barriga Martín, and María Carrasco Poyatos, and Germán Díaz Ureña

<b>Resumen</b><p align="justify">La osteoporosis es la enfermedad crónica más prevalente en el mundo, especialmente en mujeres mayores de 65 años. En España afecta a un 35% de las mujeres mayores de 50 años. Existen dos componentes que afectan a la fortaleza del hueso: cantidad de hueso, medido como densidad de masa ósea (DMO), y calidad ósea, que se puede medir como índice de rigidez óseo (SI). El ejercicio recomendado para la mejora de la DMO es fundamentalmente un ejercicio de impacto o de fu...

LUCIANA S. MENEZES, and SANDRA C. MÜLLER, and GERHARD E. OVERBECK

ABSTRACT The natural vegetation of Southern Brazil's coastal region includes grasslands formations that are poorly considered in conservation policy, due to the lack of knowledge about these systems. This study reports results from a regional-scale survey of coastal grasslands vegetation along a 536 km gradient on southern Brazil. We sampled 16 sites along the coastal plain with 15 plots (1 m²) per site. All sites were grazed by cattle. We estimated plant species cover, vegetation height, percen...

Balamaci Dan

Currently in Romania is very acute problem of the creation of the network of terminals in ports and connection points crossroads of transport routes. Organizing the first generation ensured transhipment and storage of cargo terminals, the second generation of expanded possibilities for creating added value in load, additional product development within the port is characteristic of the generation III. Terminals of the third generation are shopping centers and transport services are most effectiv...