Schlesinger, Angela

This dissertation presents a study on velocity modeling using ocean-bottom seismometer data (OBS) collected in 2004 and 2006 on the western Scotian slope. Gas hydrate and free gas concentrations and their distribution along the Scotian margin were derived based on the velocity results modeled with two different OBS data sets. A strong velocity increase (140-300 m/s) associated with gas hydrate was modeled for a depth of 220 m below seafloor (bsf). At the base of that high velocity zone (330 mbsf...

Spence, John Paul Gordon

This dissertation presents experiments with the UVic Earth System Climate Model that explore the sensitivity of global climate simulations to an increase of horizontal resolution into the ocean eddy-permitting range. Model versions, with resolutions ranging from 1.8' (latitude) x3.6' (longitude) to 0.2'x0,4'. are evaluated in control states and in response to climate perturbations. The effect of resolution on ocean volume transport, ocean heat transport, water mass formation, and sea ice distrib...

Lu, Xiaoli

The small target detection in High Frequency Surface Wave Radar is limited by the presence of various clutter and interference. Several novel signal processing techniques are developed to improve the system detection performance. As an external interference due to local lightning, impulsive noise increases the broadband noise level and then precludes the targets from detection. A new excision approach is proposed with modified linear predictions as the reconstruction solution. The system...

Lavoie, Diane

I developed a 1D coupled sea ice-ocean-biological (including ice algae) model to study the controlling effect of sea ice on primary and biogenic particle export production in the western Arctic and the impacts of climate change (reduction in sea ice cover duration and thickness, and in surface freshwater fluxes) on these productions. The model was developed in two steps to maximize validation of model results with as much data as possible. I first developed a coupled snow-ice-ice algae mode...

Alexander, Julie

Generalized linear stability theory is used to calculate the optimal initial conditions that result in transient amplification of the thermohaline circulation (THC) in a zonally-averaged single basin ocean model. The eigenmodes of the tangent linear model verify that the system is asymptotically stable but the nonnormality of the system permits the growth of perturbations for a finite period through the interference of nonorthogonal eigenmodes. It is found that the maximum amplification of the T...

Little, William H.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) and cross-correlation analysis were used to examine the interrelationship between anomalous wind forcing and anomalous sea surface temperature (SST) over the North Pacific Ocean for the period January 1969 through December 1978. Wind forcing was represented by u*3, friction velocity cubed, and curlzt, wind stress curl, as computed from: a) high-pass filtered (periods less than ten days) wind components ...

Haskell, Richard Davies

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / page 157 missing. / A simulation model for the open ocean submarine versus submarine search and detection problem is presented. The objective of the simulation is to estimate the probability with which a nuclear powered attack submarine will achieve sonar detection of a nuclear powered transiting submarine using a search plan based on external intelligence. A detailed description of the model and its use are included along with a typical a...

Wiens, Leonard Arnold.

The effect of bubbles on sound propagation in the ocean has long been known. More recently, bubbles rising to the ocean surface have been related to salt nuclei in clouds. Yet due to the lack of suitable instrumentation little data are available on the concentration of bubbles in the ocean.

Raring, George L., Finney, Earl P., Jr., Corry, John

This thesis document was issued under the authority of another institution, not NPS. At the time it was written, a copy was added to the NPS Library collection for reasons not now known. It has been included in the digital archive for its historical value to NPS. Not believed to be a CIVINS (Civilian Institutions) title. / The purpose of this paper is (1) to extend the investigations made in a previous paper by Lieutenant Lackner and Lieutenant Stone in which an attempt was made to forecast th...

Dimitriou, David S.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / Numerical models have proven integral to the study of climate dynamics. Sea ice models are critical to the improvement of general circulation models used to study the global climate. The object of this study is to evaluate a high resolution ice-ocean coupled model by comparing it to derived measurements from SMMR and SSM/I satellite observations. Utilized for this study was the NASA Goddard Space Flight (GSFC) Sea Ice Concentration Data Se...

Kuo, Yu-Heng

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / The Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Modular Ocean Model (GFDL MOM) is used to investigate the model difference between compatible and incompatible surface wind and buoyancy forcing. The atmosphere is a physical system in which surface wind and temperature fields are related, however in most ocean numerical models, the wind stress and buoyancy forcing are usually specified separately, i.e., no constraint between the surface wind ...

Martin, Claude F., III

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / A simulation model was specified. It examines United States Navy Antisubmarine Warfare Screen alternative dispositions for Carrier Battlegroups. The scenario posed is open ocean transit under the threat of an attack from foreign submarine hulls built in the 1990s. The investigation raises the issue of the appropriateness of current Navy practices and suggests that new tactics be developed. The author's thoughts are that there will be e...

Wojahn, Thomas Paul

Approved for public release; distribution in unlimited. / Simulations with high resolution air/sea coupled models and several case studies have lead to the hypothesis that friction parameterizations could have a profound affect on the accuracy of numerical analysis and prediction of decaying cyclones. In this study, analyzed and forecast characteristics of decaying cyclones over the North Pacific Ocean are related to the hypothesized importance of friction induced cyclone spin down. Many charact...

Eizenhöefer, Paul Reinhold

The Central Asian Orogenic Belt formed by accretion subsequent to the contraction of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean that ultimately disappeared along the Solonker Suture Zone in East Asia. Since typical regional collisional features are absent, the tectonic evolution of the suture remains speculative. Integrated sedimentary provenance analyses across the accretionary collision zone between the Mongolian Arcs and the North China Craton place new constraints on the events that led to final suturing. An in...

Ramadoss, Dineshram

abstract / Biological Sciences / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Lane, Ackley Charles

abstract / Biological Sciences / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Chan, Hin-kwan, 陳衍君

Thanks to globalization, which leads to an ever increasing growth in international trade and inevitably a vast emergence in shipping activities, environmental impact is receiving increasing attention around the world. Maritime industry is under great pressure to improve its performance towards greener practices. This study attempts to provide an insight to the feasible adoption of onshore power system (OPS) for ocean-going vessels (OGVs) in the container terminals in Hong Kong. Given that OGV...

Sutherland, Gabrielle

This thesis is an application of the theory and method of the comparative world-systems approach to West Polynesia. This study examines the interactions between the archipelagos of Tonga, Fiji, and Samoa during the period between 1770 and 1870, that include the exchange in prestige valuables, military/political interactions, and marriages. Using the nested interaction net model of Chase-Dunn and Hall, this thesis analyzes the interactions in order to determine whether the interactions display sy...

Cámara Mor, Patricia

El Océano Ártico está caracterizado por la presencia de una cobertura de hielo marino, cuya extensión varía entre verano e invierno. El hielo marino incorpora material particulado y especies químicas asociadas (nutrientes, metales, contaminantes, etc.) durante su formación en las plataformas continentales. A lo largo de su ciclo de vida, diversos procesos físicos, químicos y biológicos determinan la concentración tanto de sedimentos del hielo marino (SIS) como de las especies químicas atrapados ...

Rodenborn, Bruce Edward

This dissertation includes two fluid dynamics studies that involve fluid flows on vastly different scales, and therefore vastly different physics. The first study is of bacterial swimming using a flagellum for propulsive motion. Because bacteria are only about 10 [micrometers] in length, they swim in a very low Reynolds number (10⁻⁴) world, which is described by the linear set of governing equations known as the Stokes equations, that are a simplified version of the Navier-Stokes equations. The ...

Bender, Christopher Matthew

This work focuses on developing an inversion scheme to estimate water-column sound-speed fields in three dimensions. The inversion scheme is based on a linearized perturbative technique which utilizes estimates of modal travel times. The technique is appropriate in the littoral ocean where measurements are made across range and cross-range distances greater than 10 km to ensure sufficient modal dispersion. Previous applications of then inversion technique has been limited to one or two dimens...

Upshaw, Charles Roberts

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is the process of harnessing the temperature differential that exists in the equatorial oceans between the warm surface water and the cool water thousands of feet below to produce electricity. Due to the massive scale of the ocean thermal resources, OTEC power generation is appealing. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate OTEC and assess its potential viability as an energy source from both engineering and economic perspectives. This thesis pro...

Kim, Il Nam, 1976-

Ocean nitrogen fixation and denitrification are crucial nitrogen source and sink mechanisms for the global ocean environment. While recent studies have reported that oceanic denitrification has increased over the last few decades, others have suggested that global ocean nitrogen fixation rates have been underestimated, and still others that anthropogenic perturbations have altered the global nitrogen cycle. This implies that the current estimates of the oceanic nitrogen inventory are incomplete ...

Wang, Zhaomin, 1963-

We develop a new coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea ice-land surface-ice sheet model for long-term climate change studies. This five-component model incorporates the seasonal cycle, and the three major ocean basins, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current region and the major continents are resolved. The model variables are sectorially averaged across the different ocean basins and continents. / The above coupled model (less the ice sheet component) is first used to simulate the major features of the presen...

Gertz, Aaron Blake Rollinson.

The general circulation of the ocean acts as an energy reservoir. This means that the external forcing (primarily by the wind field) is balanced by dissipation. However, the dissipation is not well understood because energy does not easily cascade forward to small scales where dissipation is active. Approximate geostrophic balance holds over much of the ocean because the advective timescale is typically long compared to the Coriolis timescale. The resulting geostrophic turbulence behaves similar...

Wilcox Freeburg, Eric D.

<p> Oceans are acidifying as atmospheric CO₂ is drawn down. This process, known as ocean acidification (OA), is well known and documented. Over the next 100 years, pH of the surface ocean is projected to decrease by up to 0.35 units. This CO₂ draw down has a direct effect on dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) balance in the ocean. OA is expected to impact calcifying organisms that rely on constituencies of the DIC system, specifically carbonate ion [CO₃<sup>2-</sup...

Neale, James Richard, Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW

This thesis details a study of strategies used to limit the flow generated noise encountered in the outlet diffusers of high velocity heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) duct systems. The underlying noise rating criterion is drawn from the specifications covering ocean going aluminium fast ferries. Although directed primarily towards the fast ferry industry the results presented herein are applicable to other niche high velocity HVAC applications. Experimental tests have been conduc...

Murphy, Kathleen Ruth, Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW

Recent regulation mandates that ships conduct mid ocean ballast water exchange (BWE) prior to discharging foreign ballast in territorial waters of Australia, the U.S. and elsewhere. The enforcement of ballast water exchange legislation is undermined, however, by a lack of sensitive and reliable methods for verifying compliance. One way to assess compliance is to compare the concentrations of chemical tracers in ballast tanks with their known distributions in the open ocean. In this work, dissolv...

Santoso, Agus, Mathematics & Statistics, Faculty of Science, UNSW

In this study the natural variability of Southern Ocean water masses on interannual to centennial time scales is investigated using a long-term integration of the Commonwealth Scientic and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) coupled climate model. We focus our attention on analysing the variability of Antarctic IntermediateWater (AAIW), Circumpolar DeepWater (CDW), and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). We present an analysis of the dominant modes of temperature and salinity (T - S) variability...

Ruiz, Jose Eric, Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW

As a global climate phenomenon, the El Ni??o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) involves the coupling of the ocean and the atmosphere. Most climate prediction studies have, by far, only investigated the teleconnections between global climatic anomalies and the ???surface??? predictors of ENSO. The prediction models resulting from these studies have generally suffered from inadequate, if not the lack of, skill across the so-called boreal ???spring barrier???. This is illustrated in the first part of thi...

Marinelli, Marco Antonio

The concentration of phytoplankton in waters off the Western Australian coastline contrast with the coastal waters west of southern Africa and South America. The lack of favourable upwelling conditions results in the majority of the southeastern Indian Ocean surface waters being nutrient poor. Which is reflected in their low productivity. Several areas either on or in close proximity to the coastline are notably more productive. The associated forcing terms generating phytoplankton favourable co...

Szwaykowska, Klementyna

Use of model-based path planning and navigation is a common strategy in mobile robotics. However, navigation performance may degrade in complex, time-varying environments under model uncertainty because of loss of prediction ability for the robot state over time. Exploration and monitoring of ocean regions using autonomous marine robots is a prime example of an application where use of environmental models can have great benefits in navigation capability. Yet, in spite of recent improvements in ...

Swart, Neil Cameron

The ocean is the largest sink of anthropogenic carbon from the atmosphere and therefore the magnitude of ocean carbon uptake largely determines the airborne fraction of emissions and the ultimate severity of surface climate change. However, climate-feedbacks on ocean carbon uptake over the historical period and in the future are uncertain. In particular, much uncertainty in the ocean carbon response hinges on the influence of wind-driven changes in the Southern Ocean, which is the most significa...

Ospina Álvarez, Natalia

This doctoral thesis deals with the biogeochemical processes taking place in estuarine systems known as 'rias', located at the NW of the Iberian Peninsula. Its realization has been possible thanks to financial support from the JAE-Program of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF), and the ‘INTERESANTE' project, funded by the CICYT. Additionally, it is a contribution to the Spanish LOICZ program (Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone)....

Mashayekhi, Alireza

In this thesis we will investigate the role of diapycnal mixing on the ocean general circulation. This thesis is divided into three main parts. In the first part we show that there exists an almost infinite number of pathways to turbulence in oceanic energetic shear zones at high Reynolds number. Such a large number of accessible routes to truly chaotic motion is not typical of most of the existing body of laboratory and numerical experiments of shear-induced diapycnal mixing, but is shown to ...

Goyert, Holly Franklin

<p> Marine resources are characteristically patchy and concealed beneath the surface of a "featureless" ocean, which makes facilitative species interactions especially advantageous to seabirds. My research addresses how behavioral mechanisms accommodate prey availability, or more specifically, how common (<i>Sterna hirundo</i>) and roseate terns (<i>S. dougallii </i>) locate and access food when it is not easily detectable. I study their foraging behavior and ecology from pre- to post-breeding, ...

Boudreau, Stephanie Anne

In this thesis I assessed the causes of long-term changes in two large, commercially important decapod crustacean populations, American lobster (Homarus americanus) and snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio), in the northwest (NW) Atlantic Ocean. By combining available time-series data, including commercial landings, research surveys, and local ecological knowledge (LEK), I explored the causes of an observed ecosystem shift in the NW Atlantic (~1950–2009) which entailed a region-wide decline of groundf...

Shan, Shiliang

Halifax Harbour is one of the world's largest natural harbours and has significant environmental and economic value. A good understanding of oceanographic processes is required for pollution control and sustainable development of the Harbour. A five-level nested-grid coastal ocean circulation model known as the Nested-grid Coastal Ocean Prediction System for Halifax Harbour (NCOPS-HFX) is used to reconstruct the three-dimensional circulation and hydrography and associated temporal and spa...

Jacobs, Muhammad-Kassiem

It is generally accepted that models of the deep ocean must assimilate observations in order to make realistic forecasts in regions dominated by mesoscale variability (i.e., “ocean weather”). The present study is an attempt to quantify the information on ocean weather that is contained in Lagrangian trajectories, and the best way to extract it. Following a review of ocean data assimilation in a Bayesian framework, including the Ensemble Kalman Filter and the Particle Filter, a new class of ideal...

Batongbacal, Jay

Unless subjected to skeptical and conscious scrutiny, environmentally-friendly ocean energy technologies can become “Trojan machines of social inequity” due to the subtle re-organizing influences of technologies on culture and the society. Environmental laws that promote or regulate ocean energy technologies can act as “Trojan legal regimes” in the absence of a framework for assessing and anticipating their adverse impacts on social justice. “Environmental justice” is inadequate for this task, s...

Powell, Jesse Russell

<p>Ocean fronts are dynamic gradients that divide waters with differing hydrographic properties. Fronts also play important ecological roles in structuring plankton distributions, modulating primary and secondary production, and delineating predator foraging areas. Here, I utilize autonomous &ldquo;<i> Spray</i>&rdquo; ocean gliders to describe the spatial and seasonal distribution of deep-water fronts and their impact on the plankton within the Southern California Current System (SCCS). </p><p>...

Robertsson, Johan Olof Anders

The highly heterogeneous and anelastic nature of deep ocean seafloor results in complex reverberation as acoustic energy incident from the overlaying water column interacts and scatters from it. To gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms causing the reverberation in sonar and seafloor scattering experiments, we have developed numerical simulation techniques that are capable of modeling the principal physical properties of complex seafloor structures. A new viscoelastic finite-difference te...

WIGLEY, CYNTHIA R.

Neogene radiolarian assemblages were examined from California, the offshore waters, and adjacent areas. Three time plans, 10, 8, and 5 Ma, were selected for study and were determined by the morphologic bottom of Diartus hughesi, the morphologic top of D. hughesi, and the morphologic bottom to acme of Lamprocyrtis heteroporos respectively. The general, symbiotic, warm water sphere, and cold water sphere diversity and abundance parameters of the radiolarian populations were plotted. The dominant t...

Hong, Nong

No description available.

Gustavson, Liv Marie

Effects of near-future ocean acidification scenarios on the early developmental stages of the calanoid copepod Calanus finmarchicus

Misciasci, Frank John., Leipper, Dale Frederick.

No description available.

Thorne, Larry Martin.

No description available.

Aurand, David Robert.

No description available.

Hansen, Donnel Eldon.

No description available.

Beland, Conrad Lucien.

No description available.