Gall, William Dudley.

No description available.

Byman, Michael William.

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Dibrell, David McDonald

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Takamiya, Patrick Toyoki

Approved for public release, distribution unlimited / The purpose of this work is to develop a three-level architecture for mission planning and task assignment to computer generated forces. This architecture is based on the Rational Behavior Model, which was constructed by Byrnes, et al. as a means of mission planning and control for autonomous robots. Extending this concept to address the problems of mission planning for computer generated forces allows the human greater flexibility and capabi...

Cardenas Amores, Jorge A.

Approved for public release, distribution unlimited / This thesis examines the Total Health Care Support Readiness Requirement (THCSRR) model, a new tool which has been developed to estimate the level and composition of medical manpower readiness requirements for the Navy. A brief description of the events leading up to the creation of the model is presented to explain not only the impetus behind it but also the environment under which it was constructed. The process of preparing the Program Obj...

Sayward, Elton G.

Approved for public release, distribution unlimited / A model of plasma motion in the polar ionosphere is presented. Plasma motion due to polar convection and corotation above 50 deg N is modeled. The universal time (UT)-dependent corotation electric field (in the geomagnetic frame) is added to a polar convection electric field that is UT-dependent in the geographic frame and the total is displayed in both reference frames. To simulate actual magnetic conditions, varying polar convection pattern...

Young, Charles Joseph.

No description available.

Bayler, Eric Judson

No description available.

Mason, Robert J.

No description available.

Chaulk, Edwin K.

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Campbell, Peter R. M.

No description available.

Meisenheimer, Charles Curtis

The problem of determining the acoustic pressure in a wedge shaped wave guide is examined. Two computer models, one using the method of images, the other using coupled normal modes, are compared. This comparison is over the benchmark wedge of the Acoustic Society of America. Three scenarios were examined: isovelocity water over a pressure release bottom, isovelocity water over a penetrable, lossless bottom, and isovelocity water over a penetrable, lossy bottom. In all cases good agreement was se...

Barker, Jeffrey L., Smith, David C.

No description available.

Bonn, Mia

The aim of this study is to discuss which strategies may be used in translation from English to Swedish of a scientific text on oceanography. Focus is on how to deal with translation of the gerund-participle form, metaphors and similes. The source text is Mapping the Deep; the Extraordinary Story of Ocean Science, written by Robert Kunzig (2000), from which a selection of interesting and challenging examples are chosen to be discussed and analyzed. A theoretical background is given about the ger...

Naidoo, Theshnie.

Chaerephon (Dobson, 1874), an Old World genus belonging to the family Molossidae, is part of the suborder Vespertilioniformes. Members of this genus are distributed across mainland Africa (sample sites; Tanzania, Yemen, Kenya, Botswana, South Africa and Swaziland), its offshore islands (Zanzibar, Pemba and Mozambique Island), Madagascar and the surrounding western Indian Ocean islands (Anjouan, Mayotte, Moheli, Grande Comore, Aldabra and La Reunion). A multifaceted approach was used to elucidate...

Arabindan-Kesson, Anna Evangeline

<p> This dissertation examines the art and material culture of the Anglo-American cotton trade in the nineteenth century to consider how these transnational processes influenced different modes of production: artistic, industrial and textile. The Anglo-American cotton trade's importance in the nineteenth century rested on the Atlantic slave trade and its aftereffects. Therefore this study foregrounds the centrality of African American history and culture to the trade's structures of exchange, en...

Mulcan, Amanda

No description available.

Negron, Anthony J.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. / Mean currents and density were measured off Point Sur, California in March 1989 using Pegasus and CTD instruments. Velocity, temperature, salinity, and density fields are examined to discern the structure of the California and Davidson currents. Velocities measured by Pegasus are compared to flow fields derived from geostrophy. The Davidson Current flows poleward at the surface in its winter configuration despite northerly winds and coast...

Needham, Judy

Investigation of the organic extracts obtained from cultures of four species of bacteria isolated from the northeastern Pacific ocean led to the isolation of eight new and six previously known secondary metabolites. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. In addition, the biogenetic origins of the atoms in two of the bacterial metabolites were probed using stable isotope incorporation experiments. A culture of the bacterium Serratia odorifera...

Wu, Jinping

The aim of this study was to determine the variations of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N of particulate organic matter (POM) and the factors that control the isotopic fractionation from inorganic substrates to zooplankton and lead to variations in the isotopic composition of suspended and sinking POM in the subarctic northeast Pacific Ocean. Along a transect from Station L (48°39'N, 126°40'W) to Station P (50°N, 145°W), surface δ¹⁵NO₃⁻ decreased from 11.2‰ to 7.6‰, while [NO₃⁻] increased from 3 to 12 pM. The δ¹⁵...

Matson, Kenneth Howell

A method exists for marine seismic data which removes all orders of free surface multiples and suppresses all orders of internal multiples while leaving primaries intact. This method is based on the inverse scattering series and makes no assumptions about the subsurface earth model. The marine algorithm assumes that the sources and receivers are located in the water column. In the context of land and ocean bottom data, the sources and receivers are located on or in an elastic medium. This o...

Brown, C. Rebecca

In British Columbia, fifty-one First Nations have filed Statements of Intent signifying their interest in negotiating a treaty with Canada and the Province of British Columbia since the establishment of the British Columbia Treaty Commission in 1993. Twenty-seven of these First Nations participants claim ocean spaces within their traditional territories. Academic research and writing over the last decade has focussed on Aboriginal title to land, with little, if any reference, to ocean space...

Markel, Russell Wayne

Fundamental questions in marine ecology concern processes that underlie the replenishment of marine populations and the cascading effects of large marine predators. My dissertation describes three studies in which I investigated the recruitment and trophic dynamics of nearshore Pacific rockfishes in the context of these two themes. In the first study, my collaborators and I investigated spatial variation in rockfish recruitment success in the context of the effectiveness of Rockfish Conservatio...

Crim, Ryan Nathanial

Anthropogenic atmospheric CO₂ levels are rapidly increasing; however, much of this CO₂ (ca. 30%) dissolves into the surface ocean (upper 200 m) where it reacts with seawater and disrupts both ocean pH and carbonate chemistry, a process termed ocean acidification. Average pH of the surface ocean has already decreased by 0.1 units since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution and is expected to drop another 0.2 to 0.4 units by the end of this century. Of primary concern is the potential for oce...

Crossin, Glenn T.

Adult sockeye salmon {Oncorhynchus nerka) depend on fixed somatic energy reserves to fuel their upriver migrations to spawning grounds and to complete sexual maturation before their inevitable death. These endogenous reserves are developed while feeding at sea, and are influenced by oceanographic factors (ocean currents and upwelling, temperature, zooplankton production). Upon return to the Fraser River, sockeye travel distances of <100 to >1100 km, and ascend elevations ranging from near sea-le...

Lainé, Alexandre

The influence of different mechanisms on surface and subsurface temperature anomalies is considered along Line-P, an oceanographic line extending from Vancouver Island into the Gulf of Alaska, and sampled for almost half a century. The role of a given mechanism is determined by using Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) between anomalies of a parameter representing the mechanism and the main Line-P temperature anomaly variations obtained from a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) performed on cas...

Zheng, Ying

While plate tectonic theory has been developed considerably in the last four decades, the of initiation of subduction remains an enigma. In this thesis, I investigate the possible initiation of subduction of North Atlantic oceanic lithosphere at the Scotian basin off east coast of Canada. / On the basis of the relationships between topography, gravity and magnetic anomalies, in both space and Fourier domains, a crustal model is proposed to explain the long- and intermediate-wavelength components...

Yang, Simon

The Eocene-Oligocene boundary marked the transition from a very warm to a much cooler global climate, and the first appearance of large ice sheets in Antarctica. The opening of the Drake Passage and hence the establishment of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) has been proposed as a mechanism for the dramatic Southern Hemisphere cooling at this time. Previous modelling studies explicitly addressing the impact of the Drake Passage used models with simple representations of an atmosphere, and...

Bjürnsson, Halldór.

A zonally averaged coupled atmosphere-ocean model for climate studies is developed. The ocean component is the Wright and Stocker two-dimensional thermohaline circulation (THC) model, and the atmospheric component is a zonally averaged energy-moisture balance model for the atmosphere. Both single- and multi-basin configurations of the model are considered. / The results obtained with this coupled model are compared with those from an ocean-only model that employs mixed boundary conditions. The d...

Abrahamowicz, Maria Izabela

A Lagrangian dynamic and thermodynamic iceberg drift model was developed, coded and validated against observations. First, the model was used to create a climatology (1979-2000) of iceberg drift in the Southern Ocean. The simulation reproduced the main patterns of motion and the northernmost extent of Antarctic icebergs as inferred from satellite and ship observations. The model was then used to hindcast 29 giant iceberg drift tracks in what was the first study of an iceberg model ability to rep...

Helo, Christoph

This investigation addresses the origin and nature of explosive volcanism in deep submarine environments. Volcaniclastic deposits were sampled as sediment cores from Axial Seamount, a basaltic caldera volcano situated on the Juan de Fuca mid-ocean ridge in the northeast Pacific Ocean. These prominent volcaniclastic deposits resemble those found on other mid-ocean ridge sites. The deposits are interpreted as pyroclastic reflecting explosive eruptions. On Axial Seamount, the volcaniclastic materia...

Antico, Andres

A reduced complexity ocean-atmosphere-sea ice model is developed to study the transient response of climate to Milankovitch forcing. The ocean component is a zonally averaged model of the meridional overturning circulation in different basins. The atmospheric component is a one-dimensional (latitudinal) energy-moisture balance model. A thermodynamic sea-ice model is used. The following numerical experiments are performed with this model. First, two time-dependent solutions of the ...

Kastner, Miriam, Spivack, Arthur J., Torres, Marta, Solomon, Evan A., Borole, D.V., Robertson, Gretchen, Das, Hamendra C.

To establish the structural and lithological controls on gas hydrate distribution and to assess the potential energy resource and environmental hazards in the Indian Ocean, non-pressurized and pressurized cores were recovered from the Krishna-Godavari (K-G) and Mahanadi Basins offshore east India, and from an Andaman Sea site. The pore fluids were analyzed for: salinity, Cl-, sulfate, sulfide, carbonate alkalinity, Ca2+, Mg2+, Sr2+, K+, Na+, Ba2+, and Li+ concentrations, δ13C-DIC, δ18O, D/H, and...

Wojtowitz, Gabrielle, Zervos, Antonis, Clayton, Chris R.I.

Methane gas hydrates have attracted significant international interest as a potential future energy resource, but also as a geotechnical hazard for offshore operations related to hydrocarbon recovery. In this context, the abilities to detect the presence of hydrate in marine sediments and to quantify the amount of hydrate contained therein, have become increasingly important over the years. Detection and quantification of hydrates are done on the basis of seismic surveys, which measure indirectl...

Zykov, Mykhail M., Chapman, N. Ross, Spence, G.D.

This paper presents results of a seismic tomography experiment carried out at the Bullseye cold vent site offshore Vancouver Island. In the experiment, a seismic air gun survey was recorded on an array of five ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) deployed around the vent. The locations of the shots and the OBSs were determined to high accuracy by an inversion based on the shot travel times. A three-dimensional tomographic inversion was then carried out to determine the velocity structure around ...

Nogami, Tomonori, Oya, Nobutaka, Ishida, Hiroshige, Matsumoto, Hitoshi

While alternative natural gas transportation technologies against currently available pipeline or liquefied natural gas (LNG) are expected to develop to be suitable for small and medium or remote gas fields, Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. (MES) has been studying natural gas hydrate (NGH) transportation chain and advocated at ICGH2005 the NGH chain was economical compared with conventional LNG system under some conditions. Meanwhile, MES has been carrying out research and develo...

Gough, William A. (William Arthur)

The parameterization of isopycnal mixing is examined in an ocean general circulation model. The results are compared to those obtained with lateral mixing. / In the equilibrium experiments, the isopycnal case has more gyre kinetic energy, a less intense thermohaline circulation, and less interior downwelling than the lateral case. Convection is replaced by enhanced vertical diffusion in the isopycnal case. / In the time dependent passive tracer experiments, the isopycnal case has smaller depth p...

Talone, Marco

The European Space Agency's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite was launched on November, 2, 2009 from the Russian cosmodrome of Plesetsk. Its objective is to globally and regularly collect measurements of soil moistre and Sea Surface Salinity (SSS). To do that, a pioneering instru- ment has been developed: the Microwave Imaging Radiometer by Aperture Synthesis (MIRAS), the rst space-borne, 2-D interferometric radiometer ever built; it operates at L-band, with a central frequency ...

Sabia, Roberto

L’oceanografia per satèl•lit ha esdevingut una integració consolidada de les tècniques convencionals de monitorització in situ dels oceans. Un coneixement precís dels processos oceanogràfics i de la seva interacció és fonamental per tal d’entendre el sistema climàtic. En aquest context, els camps de salinitat mesurats regularment constituiran directament una ajuda per a la caracterització de les variacions de la circulació oceànica global. La salinitat s’utilitza en models oceanogràfics predicti...

Piñero Melgar, Elena

Gas hydrates have been recently recognized as a key factor affecting a number of global processes such as the climatic change, sea floor stability, etc. In this thesis we present the multidisciplinary study of gas hydrate rich sediments recovered during ODP Leg 204. The main objective of this thesis is to study how the textural characteristics of marine sediments can affect the main pathways and intensity of fluid flow and how fluid flow determines the distribution of gas hydrates in the contine...

Luo, Yiming

Two important questions in the fields of paleoceanography and marine biogeochemistry (the reconstruction of past changes in the strength and geometry of the ocean’s overturning circulation and the quantification of particle flux to the seafloor) are addressed using three isotopes from the U-decay series (²³⁴Th, ²³⁰Th and ²³¹Pa). Two-dimensional scavenging models of the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean were tuned to reproduce the ²³⁰Th and ²³¹Pa seawater activity profiles measured in these oceans and u...

Elordui-Zapatarietxe, Saioa

Hoy en día existe una escasez de estudios sobre la distribución de los hidrocarburos en mar abierto, aunque el aumento de la explotación de yacimientos de petróleo y la intensificación del tráfico marítimo más allá de la plataforma continental haya aumentado. Asimismo, se han identificado nuevas fuentes de contaminación. En los últimos años se ha puesto en evidencia el alto número de barcos hundidos en los fondos marinos que podrían potencialmente generar futuros vertidos de petróleo. En esta te...

Pourteau, Amaury

The complete consumption of the oceanic domain of a tectonic plate by subduction into the upper mantle results in continent subduction, although continental crust is typically of lower density than the upper mantle. Thus, the sites of former oceanic domains (named suture zones) are generally decorated with stratigraphic sequences deposited along continental passive margins that were metamorphosed under low-grade, high-pressure conditions, i.e., low temperature/depth ratios (< 15°C/km) with respe...

Heim, Birgit

One of the most difficult issues when dealing with optical water remote-sensing is its acceptance as a useful application for environmental research. This problem is, on the one hand, concerned with the optical complexity and variability of the investigated natural media, and therefore the question arises as to the plausibility of the parameters derived from remote-sensing techniques. Detailed knowledge about the regional bio- and chemico-optical properties is required for such studies, however ...

Griesel, Alexa

Due to its relevance for global climate, the realistic representation of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) in ocean models is a key task.<br> In recent years, two paradigms have evolved around what are its driving mechanisms: diapycnal mixing and Southern Ocean winds. This work aims at clarifying what sets the strength of the Atlantic overturning components in an ocean general circulation model and discusses the role of spatially inhomogeneous mixing, numerical diffusion an...

Slanker, Julie Marie

Three investigations were conducted on the nature of the radiance field in clear ocean water. It is important to understand the sunlight intensity below the sea surface because this leads to an understanding of how ocean creatures navigate in shallow and deep water. The nature of the radiance field is also gives an understanding of the living environment for ocean animals. Hydrolight 4.1, a simulation software developed by Curtis D. Mobley, was used to calculate the spectral radiance in clear oc...

O'Hern, Julia Elizabeth

On Mesoscale Population Study cruises during summers 2004 and 2005 aboard the sailboat Summer Breeze, researchers from the Sperm Whale Seismic Study (SWSS) surveyed for sperm whales along the continental slope of the northern Gulf of Mexico. SWSS scientists tracked 35 groups of whales during these two summers, recording locations where they did and did not encounter whales. Whales were encountered during both summers at approximately the same frequency (19 groups in 38 survey days in 2004; 16 gr...

Kim, Joong Tae

Open water in sea ice, such as leads and polynyas, plays a crucial role in determining the formation of deep- and bottom-water, as well as their long-term global properties and circulation. Ocean general circulation models (GCMs) designed for studies of the long-term thermohaline circulation have typically coarse resolution, making it inevitable to parameterize subgrid-scale features such as leads and convective plumes. In this study, a hierarchy of higher-resolution sea-ice models is developed ...

Shorey, Jamie Margaret

Given a known signal and perfect knowledge of the environment there exist few detection and estimation problems that cannot be solved. Detection performance is limited by uncertainty in the signal, an imperfect model, uncertainty in environmental parameters, or noise. Complex environments such as the ocean acoustic waveguide and the human anatomy are difficult to model exactly as they can differ, change with time, or are difficult to measure. We address the uncertainty in the model or parameters...

Tonnard, Manon

Il est désormais établi que la disponibilité en fer (Fe) contrôle environ 50% de la production primaire des océans du monde. Cependant, les processus régissant l’intensité des puits et des sources du Fe ainsi que la prédominance relative de ces sources au sein des divers bassins océaniques, sont elles-mêmes peu contraintes. Par ailleurs, une fois entrées dans le système océanique, la disponibilité et l’accessibilité des diverses formes de Fe pour les organismes marins restent incertaines. La réa...