Roos Lundström, Frida, Mårtensson, Anna

Since 1950, the plastic production has increased radically from 1.5 to 280 million tons in 2012. The increased production of plastic has led to oceans becoming more polluted than ever. Micro plastic particles originate from large floating plastic debris by undergoing degradation caused by UV-radiation. Due to their small size, density and colour micro plastic particles resemble marine organisms’ natural prey and are therefore ingested. This report discuss the hypotheses that there are micro plas...

Vachon, Paris W.

Three key areas of controversy in synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) imaging of ocean surface waves are considered: first, the nature of Bragg scattering; second, the role, magnitude, and calculation of the scene coherence time; and third, the relevant ocean wave velocities for coherent Doppler modulations. This work begins with a re-derivation and extension of existing SAR imaging theory for point and diffuse targets. Generic, relatively simple, closed-form expressions for the impulse response, th...

Shea, Gregory Thomas Francis

The Magic Mountain Hydrothermal Area (MMA) is a 5 km portion of the Southern Explorer Ridge (SER) centered at 49°46' and 130°20'W. It is a region of active hydrothermal activity located near the culmination of an unusually high standing spreading centre. Seafloor photographs, conductivity-temperature surveys and acoustic images have been used to determine the nature and extent of axial volcanism and tectonism as well as the associated hydrothermal activity. Major element and trace element...

Bertrand, Wayne Gerrard

The Dellwood Seamount Area, an area of approximately 10,000 square km., about 185 km. west of the northern tip of Vancouver Island is located at or near the northernmost end of the Juan de Fuca plate. The main purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that the Dellwood Knolls mark the site of a short spreading segment connected to the Explorer Spreading Segment at one end by a transform fault trending along the southwestern slope of Paul Revere Ridge; and meeting the Queen Charlotte righ...

Baillie, Kenneth Dale

The primary purpose of this study was to deal with the taxonomy of the sand-dwelling dinoflagellates occurring in the North East Pacific Ocean. A preliminary examination of the community and the major ecological parameters affecting these organisms (exposure, grain size, temperature and salinity) was also undertaken. Although the study was mainly confined to those species inhabiting the inter-tidal zones of five marine beaches in British Columbia, some subtidal work was done. The conclusions are...

Edworthy, Carla

Ocean acidification is a phenomenon associated with global change and anthropogenic CO2 emissions that is changing the chemistry of seawater. These changes result in elevated pCO2 and reduced pH in seawater and this is impacting marine organisms in various ways. Marine fishes are considered generally tolerant to conditions of ocean acidification; however, these assumptions are based on juvenile and adult fish tolerance and the larval stages have not been frequently assessed. Furthermore, it has ...

Mayekiso, Sisanda

The biogeography of wrasses within the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) is poorly understood, with regard to origins and genetic differentiation or connectivity among the regions of the WIO. This region is a good model for studying the influence of physical complexities and biogeographic breaks in shaping patterns of differentiation in wrasses. Three reef-associated fish species, Cheilio inermis, Thalassoma hebraicum and T. lunare, were selected to examine the factors that have influenced patterns of ...

Coppinger, Christine Rose

The catface rockcod Epinephelus andersoni is a range-restricted species that is endemic to the southeast coast of Africa from Quissico in Mozambique (subtropical) to Knysna in South Africa (warmtemperate). Its complex life-history, long-lived nature and high residency make E. andersoni potentially vulnerable to over-exploitation. Epinephelus andersoni is an important fishery species and has shown signs of depletion. Due to inadequate information necessary for management and conservation, further...

Sahu, Bijay Kumar

Reassembling continental fragments of Gondwana has been a subject of interest to many since almost the beginning of the last century. As a result, the broad relative position of the major continental fragments and their dispersal history is well understood using marine magnetic anomalies, coastline geometry, surface geology and limited geophysics. Uncertainty still prevails in reassembly of central Gondwana fragments flanking the Indian Ocean. This thesis aims at utilising geophysical constraint...

Le Roux, Petrus Jacobus

Summary in English. / Includes bibliographical references. / In 1993, dredge-sampling from 40.6°S to 525.5°S, during cruise 9309 of the R/V Maurice Ewing, greatly increased the number of basalts recovered from this section of the southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (SMAR), and significantly expanded the global suite of samples from slow-spreading ridges.

Venter, Marija Anja

Includes abstract. / Includes bibliographical references. / This dissertation explores the contextual meanings of digital gaming for a group of children from the resource-constrained township of Ocean View, situated 45km outside of Cape Town. I document the domestication (Silverstone & Haddon, 1996) of mobile phones and PlayStations as technologies for gaming in this context, showing how the children appropriated the games technologies much as other household media are domesticated, in a process...

Phaladi, Shikoane Given

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-77). / This project discusses the basic principles and theory of this new technology, and concentrates on reflection points and Fresnel zones. The CPS receivers are placed at different coastal regions within South Africa, and the simulation of the reflection points and Fresnel zones are observed as the CPS satellites pass over South Africa. The East London area was chosen as the location to place the receiver throughout my analysis.

Mapande, Amin Twazihirwa

Includes bibliography.

Yang, Yuyan

Monitoring the dynamics of the productivity of ocean water and how it affects fisheries is essential for management. It requires data on proper spatial/temporal scales, which can be provided by operational ocean colour satellites. However, accurate productivity data from ocean colour imagery is only possible with proper validation of, for instance, the atmospheric correction applied to the images. In situ water reflectance data is of great value due to the requirements for validation and it is t...

Goddard, Paul B., Dufour, Carolina O., Yin, Jianjun, Griffies, Stephen M., Winton, Michael

Ocean warming near the Antarctic ice shelves has critical implications for future ice sheet mass loss and global sea level rise. A global climate model with an eddying ocean is used to quantify the mechanisms contributing to ocean warming on the Antarctic continental shelf in an idealized 2xCO(2) experiment. The results indicate that relatively large warm anomalies occur both in the upper 100 m and at depths above the shelf floor, which are controlled by different mechanisms. The near-surface oc...

Lagerdien, Kashifa

Bibliography: leaves 115-120.

Jenkins, Erica

The ecological niche of a population is dynamic and will be affected by changes in the ecosystem and as a population migrates. An ontogenetic niche shift can also occur as organisms grow and can include changes in morphology, habitat, and feeding behaviour. Although they are the two most abundant salmon species, and are further augmented through hatchery stocking, it is unclear the degree to which the niches of juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum salmon (O. keta) overlap. F...

Muttarak, Raya, Pothisiri, Wiraporn

In this paper we investigate how well residents of the Andaman coast in Phang Nga province, Thailand, are prepared for earthquakes and tsunami. It is hypothesized that formal education can promote disaster preparedness because education enhances individual cognitive and learning skills, as well as access to information. A survey was conducted of 557 households in the areas that received tsunami warnings following the Indian Ocean earthquakes on 11 April 2012. Interviews were carried out duri...

Rahul, P

Stable isotope ratios in rainwater and water vapor act as a tracers of the hydrological cycle. The data on stable isotopic composition in rainwater and water vapor are limited due to the lack of observational studies across the Indian subcontinent and over the ocean. These present day observations are important database to deduce the paleo-climatic condition from geological archives. In majority of the cases, isotopic records are translated into physical factors with the present background knowl...

Hood, Lon L., Soukharev, Boris E.

The origin of the tropical lower-stratospheric response to 11-yr solar forcing and its possible coupling to a troposphere–ocean response is investigated using multiple linear regression (MLR) analyses of stratospheric ozone and temperature data over the 1979–2009 period and tropospheric sea level pressure (SLP) data over the 1880–2009 period. Stratospheric MLR results, comparisons with simulations from a chemistry–climate model, and analyses of decadal variations of meridional eddy heat flux ind...

Williams, N. L., Juranek, L. W., Feely, R. A., Johnson, K. S., Sarmiento, J. L., Talley, L. D., Dickson, A. G., Gray, A. R., Wanninkhof, R., Russell, J. L., Riser, S. C., Takeshita, Y.

More than 74 biogeochemical profiling floats that measure water column pH, oxygen, nitrate, fluorescence, and backscattering at 10 day intervals have been deployed throughout the Southern Ocean. Calculating the surface ocean partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO(2sw)) from float pH has uncertainty contributions from the pH sensor, the alkalinity estimate, and carbonate system equilibrium constants, resulting in a relative standard uncertainty in pCO(2sw) of 2.7% (or 11 mu atm at pCO(2sw) of 40...

Ouředníková, Petra

This thesis analyzes the newly established U.S. National Ocean Policy. Through a content analysis of all obtained sources concerning the opinions on the policy, the main hypothesis is either confirmed or disproved. It can be assumed that Republicans would oppose this policy from obvious ideological reasons, whilst Democrats would support this policy, because it originated from their administrative and follows their positive approach to environmental issues. The ocean is not only for the United S...

Krijt, Filip

Physically-driven methods of simulating fluid dynamics and frequency-based ocean surface synthesis methods are of long-standing interest for the field of computer graphics. However, they have been historically used separately or without any interaction between them. This thesis focuses on the possibility of combining the approaches into one adaptive solution by proposing methods for unified surface representation, method result blending and one-way interaction between the methods. The thesis als...

Un, Ka Man

No description available.

Schaper, Teemu

This thesis provides a description of the market for maritime container transport with a focus on container imbalances in Central Europe. Based on secondary literature, statistics and interviews, the current situation of global maritime trade and existing challenges for shipping lines is presented. In the second part, particular characteristics of the Central European market are introduced. Besides a detailed description of the infrastructure for container transports to and from this region, cha...

Malherbe, Johan B.

The study considers the influence of tropical systems (cyclones, storms, depressions) from the Southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) over the Limpopo River Basin and provides an outlook towards projected decadal scale variability and change throughout and towards the end of the 21st century. These systems have been linked to widespread heavy rainfall and subsequent flooding over the region. Due to the semi-arid nature of this area, variation and change in time of significant rain contributing synop...

Biard, Tristan

Les Collodaires (Radiolaires) sont des eucaryotes unicellulaires (protistes) marins appartenant au super-groupe des Rhizaria. Tandis que certains sont caractérisés par un mode de vie colonial, d’autres sont observés sous la forme de larges organismes solitaires. Les Collodaires sont des protistes hétérotrophes, prédateurs de plancton, mais également hôtes systématiques de micro-algues photosynthétiques intracellulaires. Les récentes analyses de leur diversité moléculaire dans l’environnement ont...

Tasoff, Alexander J.

<p> Ocean acidification can reduce survival and growth of marine larvae. However, if populations have the genetic capacity to adapt and increase their tolerance to low pH levels, then such genetic changes may offset the harmful effects of ocean acidification. I used methods in quantitative genetics to measure the genetic variance and project the potential rate of evolution for low pH tolerance in a nearshore forage-fish: the California grunion (<i> Leuresthes tenuis</i>). I raised grunion larvae...

Von Koslowski, Rebecca

Variations in the global climate over time have long been associated with changes in the meridional overturning circulation of the oceans. It is now commonly believed that, during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the transport of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) to the southeast Atlantic Ocean was reduced. A popular method to trace these ambient changes is the stable isotope systematics of neodymium (given as εNd). In this study εNd data were measured on mixed planktic and bulk foraminifera from ...

Rembauville, Mathieu

La biosphère océanique module la concentration de CO2 atmosphérique via la pompe biologique (transfert vertical de carbone organique particulaire - POC - de l'océan de surface vers le fond) et la contre-pompe des carbonates (émission de CO2 lors de la précipitation du carbone inorganique particulaire - PIC). Cette thèse a pour but (1) d'identifier la contribution de différents groupes planctoniques à l'export de POC et PIC à échelle annuelle dans des zones de production contrastée de l'océan Aus...

Rodd, William

This thesis examines the geopolitical consequences of China's search for energy resources on the Indian Ocean and South China Sea. It provides a brief outline of the energy situation of the world as a whole, specifically how it is becoming a more globalized and singular market. This change is occurring at the same time as a pronounced shift away from the traditional measurements of 'power' towards 'softer' more subtle definitions. There is a brief section outlining the geopolitical teachings of ...

Curtis, Jan.

Approved for Public release; distribution is unlimited / An explosive cyclogenesis event that occurred in the eastern Pacific Ocean on 14-17 December 1987 is investigated using the National Meteorological Center (NMC) final analyses and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) digital imagery. Forecasts for this cyclone by the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS 3.0) and NMC Nested Grid Mesh (NGM) forecasts initialized at 12 UTC 14 December are als...

Payne, Robyn Pauline

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Seamounts are poorly understood ubiquitous undersea features, with less than 4% sampled for scientific purposes globally. Consequently, the fauna associated with seamounts in the Indian Ocean remains largely unknown, with less than 300 species recorded. One such feature within this region is Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount located on the South Madagascar Ridge, which is situated approximately 400 nautical miles south of Madagascar and 600 nautical miles east of Sout...

Bluff, Gemma Kendall Pelton

A hurricane is a threat to socio-economic activities in coastal communities bordering the South Atlantic Ocean (SAO). Hurricanes rarely form over this region and as such these communities are not prepared for them. Previous studies have suggested that anthropogenic warming may lead to more frequent hurricanes over the region and have demonstrated the capability of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) in capturing the impacts of the warming on hurricanes. However, none of the studies ...

Edwards, Alison

Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus) is a slow growing species of demersal rockfish, which inhabits the continental slope of the west coast of North America. This species represents a highly commercial fishery and an important part of the groundfish fishery of British Columbia. A variety of biological factors are known to influence the concentrations of trace metals in fish, including, age, body size and diet; all of which vary in this species. Little is known of the concentrations of total ...

Filmalter, John David

The silky shark Carcharhinus falciformis forms the primary elasmobranch bycatch in tuna purse seine fisheries using fish aggregating devices (FADs) in all of the world’s tropical oceans. Its life-history traits of slow growth, late maturation and low fecundity make it vulnerable to over exploitation, as is apparent from historical bycatch trends. Very little is known about the associative behaviour of this species with floating objects, information which is essential in formulating effective mit...

Morallana, Jonas Moqebelo

Snappers of the genus Lutjanus are small to large predatory fishes occurring in inshore circumtropical and subtropical waters throughout the world. These fishes support fisheries across their distribution range. Within the Western Indian Ocean (WIO), previous studies on Lutjanus kasmira revealed limited spatial genetic differentiation, whereas Lutjanus fulviflamma showed high genetic connectivity. The phylogenetic relationships among WIO snappers are unknown. Previous studies in the Indo-Pacific...

Sterley, Jessica Anne

Trophodynamics of carnivorous zooplankton in the region of the Subtropical Convergence (STC) in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean was investigated during austral autumn (April 2007) as part of the first cruise of the Southern Ocean Ecosystem Variability Study. Within the region of the study, the STC was well defined by the 14°C surface isotherm which separated the Agulhas Return Current and Subtropical water in the north from Sub-Antarctic waters to the south. Total average abundance (3.89...

Filmalter, John David

The sicklefin lemon shark Negaprion acutidens is a large-bodied (> 3m) coastal shark species, widely distributed in tropical and sub-tropical Indo-Pacific waters. Despite its large size and wide distribution, very little is known about its movement behaviour throughout ontogeny. The primary aim of this thesis was to gain an understanding of the movements of sub-adult N. acutidens, in and around the St. Joseph Atoll, Republic of Seychelles, to facilitate the effective conservation of this vulnera...

Daly, Ryan

Bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas) are globally distributed top predators that play an important ecological role within coastal marine communities. However, little is known about how the spatial and temporal scales of their habitat use are associated with their ecological role. In this study, a population of sub-adult and adult bull sharks were investigated within a remote subtropical marine community in the southwest Indian Ocean off the coast of southern Mozambique. The main objectives of the s...

Rafuza, Sipesihle

The subject of BIF genesis, particularly their environmental conditions and ocean chemistry at the time of deposition and their evolution through time, has been a subject of much contentiousness, generating a wealth of proposed genetic models and constant refinements thereof over the years. The prevailing paradigm within the various schools of thought, is the widespread and generally agreed upon depositional and diagenetic model(s) which advocate for BIF deposition under anoxic marine conditions...

Fletcher, Tara Jayne

The problem of this study was to arrange, develop, and stage creatively a complete dance composition in four parts using the ocean as a thematic source. The five specific purposes relating the theme and the choreography were developed and expressed through the medium of modern dance.

Zakroff, Casey J.

Ocean acidification is predicted to lead to global oceanic decreases in pH of up to 0.3 units within the next 100 years. However, those levels are already being reached currently in coastal regions due to natural CO2 variability. Squid are a vital component of the pelagic ecosystem, holding a unique niche as a highly active predatory invertebrate and major prey stock for upper trophic levels. This study examined the effects of a range of ocean acidification regimes on the early life history of a...

He, Peng

Huge amounts of anthropogenic 129I have been and still are released to the environment through liquid and gaseous discharges from the nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities worldwide and in particular the ones in Europe. Most of this 129I signal has been accumulated in the marine environment which plays a major role in the iodine natural pool.  In this thesis, an overview of available 129I concentrations in waters of the oceans and marginal seas together with new data about 129I and 127I spatial d...

Chough, Sung Kwun

No description available.

Peng, Shiling

The atmospheric fluctuations associated with sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the northern North Atlantic and their subsequent effects on river runoff variations over Siberia are studied in this thesis. A data analysis is performed in Part I of the thesis using 50 years (1930-79) of records of SST sea level pressure, precipitation and runoff. It is found from this analysis that the winter SST anomalies in the northern North Atlantic are significantly correlated with the winter and the ...

Dupont, Frederic.

Comprehension of global oceanic currents and, ultimately, of climate variability requires the use of computer modelling. Although much effort has been spent on the accuracy of traditional finite difference (FD) models used in ocean modelling, there are still concerns, especially since these models have a crude representation of the geometry of oceanic basins. Such a crude representation may influence the accuracy of modelling boundary currents, or unrealisticly represent the impinging of eddies ...

Fogarty, Christopher T.

The transformation of 45 tropical cyclones into extratropical cyclones over the western Noah Atlantic Ocean between 1963 and 1996 is studied. Cases are selected from the National Hurricane Center's "best track" archive. National Centers, for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalyses of geopotential height data are used to construct a synoptic-dynamic climatology of extratropical transition, or "ET". The Forecast Systems Laboratory (FSL) upper-air archive of six near-track stations is used to pr...

Crowe, Sean

Abstract- Lake Matano of Indonesia, the 8th deepest lake on Earth, is an Fe-rich (ferruginous) end-member aquatic ecosystem and is the best known modern analogue for the ecology of Earth's earliest oceans. A culmination of geological, climatic and biological processes has resulted in an Fe-centric aquatic ecosystem in which anaerobic microbial communities are largely sustained by cycling Fe and CH4. Fe-rich soils of the catchment basin supply an abundance of Fe (hydr)oxides to Lake Matano's sedi...

Garcia Tigreros, Fenix

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations are increasing the rate at which anthropogenic CO2 is accumulating in the ocean, and thereby acidifying ocean water. However, accumulation of anthropogenic CO2 is not the only process affecting coastal oceans. Anthropogenic inputs of nutrients to coastal waters can result in massive algal blooms, a process known as eutrophication. Microbial consumption of this organic matter depletes bottom waters of oxygen and increases acidity through the ...