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THESE

Glutamate

安非他命與古柯鹼皆屬心理興奮性藥物(psychostimulants)，在藥理上有很多功能相似的機制，而且兩種藥物濫用成癮的問題一直是臨床及基礎研究所關心的問題。就動物行為模式而言，安非他命與古柯鹼具有影響包括反射性及制約學習性的行為表現的效果。若針對藥物的酬賞性做探討時，制約性場地偏好行為模式的相關研究益發受到重視，本研究實驗一先針對此作業之操弄時間及環境變項做一探討，再研究安非他命與古柯鹼之作用機制。過去的研究發現，週邊注射安非他命或古柯鹼與某環境刺激配對能引發制約性引發場地偏好的傾向，但兩藥的行為現象卻對藥理的操弄呈不一致的結果，隱含兩藥背後的神經機制可能也不同。其中阿控博核是一個值得再驗證的區域。阿控博核被認為是動機系統與運動系統的介面。此部位因其解剖及生化功能的異質性，故實驗二針對其次分區進行中樞藥物注射，於是直接將安非他命(10，15μg)與古柯鹼(50，100μg)分別注射於阿控博核之次級區。結果發現安非他命直接注入阿控博核核區或古柯鹼注入阿控博核殼區可表現顯著的場地偏好效果。基於阿控博核所含有的麩胺酸神經末梢源自內側前額葉皮質，實驗三則發現安非他命或古柯鹼注入內側前額葉...

反和平演變

本論文主要在探討中共反和平演變之源由、策略、方法及評估其成效。主要內容如下：從九○年初東歐、蘇聯相繼變天的事實來看，代表著共產社會主義制度並不適合人類社會，尤其是當被中共稱之為社會主義祖國的蘇聯老大哥崩潰瓦解以後，更使中共面臨了強大壓力；究境是因為社會主義制度的失敗？還是因為西為國家推行「和平演變」戰固的成功？中共當局為了維護其一黨專政統治的合法性基礎，於是將原因歸結於是這些國家走偏離馬列主義之修正主義道路的結果，在內有修正主義作祟及政治反對派掣肘，外有西為國家推行「和平演變」的情形下，才會出現社會主義制度暫時的退卻。於是中共開始藉著「反和平演變」及深化經濟改革之方法。來抵禦西方「和平演變」的攻勢。本論文以六章十九節約十萬字來探討中共反和平演變之相關問題，其綱要如下：第一章，緒論。說明本論文的研究動機與目的﹛B研究範圍、方法與限制。第二章，中共對「和平演變」戰略的認知。從中共的角度探討西為「和平演變」之形成、發展、策略、方法。第三章，探討中共「反和平演變」的由來、發展與理論依據。第四章，分別從加強黨的建設，加強意識型態控制，加強軍隊的政治建設及堅持改革開放等四大主題，探討中共「反和平演...

Slovak Republic

捷克斯洛伐克於一九八九年開始進行政治的民主化運動，一九九一年開始實行經濟的自由化改革，但卻由於捷克與斯洛伐克兩共和國對於國家體制及經濟改革步調無法達成共識，因此兩國於一九九三年元月一日協議分離。自此兩國乃實行不同的經濟改革策略，捷克共和國仍維持激進改革策略，而斯洛伐克共和國則改採較為漸進的改革策略。本論文即利用總體經濟政策、價格與貿易自由化政策，及私有化政策等三個主要的面向，研究捷克斯洛伐克自一九九一年至一九九二年的經改策略，以及獨立之後捷克與斯洛伐克兩國在一九九三年至一九九五年的經改策略及經濟表現，最後並提出影響兩國經濟表現差異的因素。筆者認為，影響捷克與斯洛伐克兩國解體之後經濟表現差異的因素包括：產業分布之均衡性、改革的路徑及速度、兩國間的經濟臍帶關係、國內政治的穩定度，以及外部影響等因素所影響。 , Czechoslovakia began political democratization from 1989 and economic liberation from 1991. However, Czech and Slovak Republics have different...

Relative Crime Prevention Efficiency

犯罪防治在各縣市警察機關勤務中具有一定的重要性，本研究目的在於評估各縣市警察機關執行治安與犯罪預防之相對效率。因為內政部將各縣市警察機關分成直轄市、甲級與乙級等三級制，故相對警力投入非常不一致，對犯罪預防效率會產生干擾，為將此項外在環境因素所造成的干擾排除，本研究採取三階段資料包絡分析法，針對臺灣23個縣市警察局，在民國93至95年間，建立評估相對效率之實證模型。研究結果發現未排除環境因素干擾前，臺灣地區各縣市警察局的治安與犯罪預防之平均相對規模效率高於純技術效率，顯示治安與犯罪預防之無效率應為生產技術的影響；此外，甲級縣市警察局的總技術效率值最高，反之，直轄市警察局的治安與犯罪防治效率為最低。在排除環境因素干擾後，臺灣地區各縣市警察局平均治安與犯罪預防相對效率有輕微下降現象，其中，乙級縣市警察局的治安與犯罪防治效率，反而上升到為最高。此外，乙級縣市警察局呈現高比例的規模報酬遞減現象，表示乙級縣市警察局應縮減其所分配到的經費規模，反之，甲級縣市警察局呈現高比例的規模報酬遞增現象，表示甲級縣市警察局應相對增加所得到經費；至於，直轄市警察局的治安與犯罪防治效率並不好，並且，在第三階段分析結...

EPAL

網際網路的興起帶動銀行業電子商務的發展；然而，在開放式的網路環境下，個人的財務、交易等具有隱私的資訊，可能因金融機構本身資訊安全防護技術未落實、資料處理流程權限控管不當、或相關稽核機制不健全等因素，造成銀行個人資料外洩，而影響個人財務及公司商譽的損失。現今在銀行業電子商務的網站上，雖然有使用隱私權政策聲明的方式來表示履行客戶資料隱私保護的責任，但是此形式宣告的方式大於實質保護的意義，沒有任何作用。客戶資料的隱私資訊，亦應受到法律的保護；在我國主要的法律有電腦處理個人資料保護法、內部控制法及金控共同行銷規範等。本研究旨在針對銀行業電子商務交易流程中提出企業內部客戶隱私資料保護的架構模型，將客戶隱私資訊做分類，並遵循相關法律條文規範，以訂立具有語意的隱私權政策來落實企業內部客戶隱私資料的保護。我期望本研究的成果能貢獻未來金融業於客戶隱私資料保護的參考依循。 , The rising of Internet drives the development of e-commerce in banking industry. However, in the opening environment...

Bakteriorhodopsin. Reaktionskinetik. F-Typ-ATPasen. Protonentransfer. Lipidmembran.

Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 1999--Darmstadt.

Chemistry

Near-band-gap circularly polarized excitation in III-V semiconductors provides spin-polarized electrons that transfer spin order to lattice nuclei via fluctuations in the contact hyperfine interaction. This process of optical nuclear polarization and the complementary technique of optical detection of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) provide extreme sensitivity enhancement and spatial selectivity in structured samples, enabling collection of NMR spectra from samples such as single quantum wells ...

Physics

I present the discovery of 18 T dwarfs, brown dwarfs exhibiting CH<sub>4</sub> absorption analogous to Gliese 229B, identified in the Two Micron All Sky Survey. Follow-up spectroscopic observations reveal the presence of strong H<sub>2</sub>O and CH<sub>4</sub> bands in these objects, as well as broadened Na I and K I absorption in the red optical; fine lines of K I, Cs I, and Rb I; and FeH absorption at 9896 &am...

Geological and Planetary Sciences

The main theme of this work is the development of a simplified model of the martian circulation suitable for conducting computationally fast long term simulations of the martian climate system. In particular, we are looking for causes of the irregular occurrence of the martian global dust storms (GDSs). The low-order model (LOM) is constructed by Galerkin projection of a 2D (zonally averaged) general circulation model (GCM) onto a truncated set of basis functions. The resulting low-order model c...

Chemistry

Polyamides composed of N-methylpyrrole (Py), N-methylimidazole (Im), and 3-hydroxypyrrole (Hp) amino acids linked by beta-alanine (beta) bind in the minor groove of DNA in 1:1 and 2:1 ligand:DNA complexes. Although the energetics and structure of the 2:1 motif have been explored extensively, there is remarkably less understood about 1:1 recognition beyond the initial studies on netropsin and distamycin. Laemmli and coworkers used beta-linked polyamides, which bind in a 1:1 motif, to effect pheno...

Astronomy

We have constructed a phase-binning CCD camera optimized for optical observations of faint pulsars. The phase-binning CCD camera combines the high quantum efficiency of a CCD with a pulse-phased time resolution capable of observing pulsars as fast as 10 ms, with no read noise penalty. The phase-binning CCD can also operate as a two-channel imaging polarimeter, obtaining pulse-phased linear photopolarimetric observations.We have used this phase-binning CCD to make the first measurements of optica...

Electrical Engineering

In this thesis, I present bounds on the performance of a variety of network source codes. These <em>rate loss</em> bounds compare the rates achievable by each network code to the rate-distortion bound <em>R(D)</em> at the corresponding distortions. The result is a collection of optimal performance bounds that are easy to calculate.I first present new bounds for the rate loss of multi-resolution source codes (MRSCs). Considering an <e...

Computer Science

My contribution, described in this thesis, is a theory that is meant to assist in the construction of complex software systems. I propose a notion of structure that is independent of language, formalism, or problem domain. I call this new abstraction a kind, and its related formal system, kind theory. I define a type system that models the structural aspects of kind theory. I also define an algebra that models this type system and provides a logic in which one can specify and execute computation...

Physics

In the next few years, the first detections of gravity-wave signals using Earth-based interferometric detectors will begin to provideprecious new information about the structure, dynamics, and evolution of compact bodies, such as neutron stars and black holes, bothisolated and in binary systems. The intrinsic weakness of gravity-wave signals requires a proactive approach to modeling the prospective sources and anticipating the shape of the signals that we seek to detect. Full-blown 3-D numerical...

Biology

This thesis is divided into three sections. the first part deals with the secondary structure of poly C in acid solution, as revealed by several of its physical-chemical properties in solution. The interpretation of the data was based on previous knowledge of the general properties of polynucleotides in solution and on the properties of poly C monomer.The second part of the thesis deals with the interaction of purine with the proteins. Conformation changes in the proteins are easily measurable i...

Biochemistry

NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document.Part IA method has been developed for measuring the radioactivity of proteins labeled with[.....] following their separation by disc electrophoresis. The radioactivity is measured directly in acrylamide gel with scintillation techniques after the water in the gel has been replaced with a toluene-based scintillator solution. Seventy-four gel slices can be prepared with a minimum of ha...

Physics

NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document.The absolute oscillator strengths for the silver resonance lines, Ag I [...] 3281 and 3383, and the cadmium intersystem line, Cd I [...] 3261, were measured from the total absorption for both weak lins and strong lines. For strong lines, cross sections for selfbroadening were measured for the resonance lines of silver, lead, thallium, cadmium, and zinc. In the limit of large oscillat...

Electrical Engineering

NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document.The optical absorption of [alpha]-monoclinic selenium has been measured over the range in wavelength 1.15 [micron] to 0.2775 [micron]. The data show a well defined absorption edge at 2.25 eV with further structure appearing as changes in [...] at 2.85 eV and 3.75 eV. For comparison the absorption of selenium in solutions in which it is believed to exist in the same eight-membered puc...

Physics

It is known that in the field theory description of the Compton scattering of nucleons by vector mesons the nucleon lies on a Regge trajectory. In this work it is found that the vector meson channel of the same theory exhibits no such Regge-like behavior. However, in electron-graviton scattering the spinor particle is again Reggeized.The various problems that arise when zero mass mesons are used in the scattering are discussed and it is shown that the Reggeization generally proceeds as in the ma...

Biology

Our understanding of signal transduction has increased from the use of genetically tractable organisms combined with biochemical anaylsis in cell culture. An example is LET-23 receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans. The epidermal growth factor receptor homolog, LET-23 RTK, mediates multiple functions: development of the male tale, vulva induction, viability, and fertility. One of the ways in which activation of the same receptor can generate a specific response is through d...

Electrical Engineering

The so-called Neel walls separating antiparallel domains in very thin ferromagnetic films are found, on the basis of accurate calculations, to have a shape differing significantly from the linear rotation model suggested by Neel. In this 180 [degree] rotation, three regions can be distinguished: a central one where the magnetization [...] rotates rapidly (positive demagnetizing energy) and two adjacent regions extending in the neighboring domains where the rotation is very much slower. In these ...

Chemistry

NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document.Part I. Experimental procedureThe spectrographs and excitation sources used to study the absorption and emission spectra of crystalline benzene are described and their relative merits discussed.A new purification method is also described. This method, in which the benzene is vacuum refluxed over an ~100[degree]C cesium mirror, can be used in conjunction with zone refining techniques ...

Biology

NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document.This thesis is a theoretical investigation of pulsed neutron experiments in thermal, non-multiplying, polycrystalline moderators. A transport approximation is used to model the spatial dependence of the neutron distribution function.The first part is concerned with the initial value problem for the Boltzmann equation describing the decay of thermal neutrons in a finite, polycrystalli...

Physics

NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document.The absolute cross sections for the reactions Li[superscript 7][...] and Li[superscript 7][...], have been measured in the range of energies and angles, [...], [...], using thin Li[superscript 7]-bearing targets. Solid state detectors were used to detect the scattered [alpha] particles. Nineteen scattering anomalies have been observed in this energy range. In the excitation energy ra...

Chemical Engineering

NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document.Part IThe enthalpy change upon vaporization of 1-pentene was experimentally determined by calorimetric measurements at temperatures between 100 [degrees] and 280 [degrees] F. The results are in good agreement with available data at the lower temperatures and are presented in graphical and tabular form.Part II.The heat transfer from a one-mil platinum wire was measured in isothermal a...

Chemistry

Part I. Proton Magnetic Resonance Studies on the Polarization of Water and Methanol by NaClO[subscript 4], LiClO[subscript 4], Mg(ClO[subscript 4])[subscript 2], Et[subscript 4]NClO[subscript 4], Bu[subscript 4]NI, Et[subscript 4]NBr, and Et[subscript 4]NCl in an Aprotic Solvent.The polarization of water by NaClO[subscript 4], LiClO[subscript 4], Mg(ClO[subscript 4])[subscript 2], Et[subscript 4]NClO[subscript 4], Bu[subscript 4]NI, Et[subscript 4]NBr, and Et[subscript 4]NCl in acetone and aceto...

Astronomy

The rotational structure of the violet CN (0, 0) band in cometary spectra is investigated from a new point of view. The usual assumption of a Boltzmann distribution of populations of the rotational levels in the ground state is abandoned. These populations are determined by solving the system of steady-state equations which describes the resonance-fluorescence of the CN band. As expected, it is possible in this way to reproduce the observed profile more satisfactorily than in the case when a Bol...

Engineering and Applied Science

NOTE: There is a 3-page Notation Eqivalency Chart preceding the Introduction.NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Introduction is included in .pdf document.Chapter IIntroductionOne of the problems in fracture mechanics which apparently has not received extensive theoretical treatment is that concerning the effect of initial curvature upon the stress distribution in a thin sheet containing a crack. Considerable work has been carried out on initially flat she...

Mathematics

NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document.Let N(p,q) denote the companion matrix of x[superscript 2] + px + q, for rational integers p and q, and let M(p,q)=N(p,q)(N(p,q)) . Further let F(M(p,q)) and F(N(p,q)) denote the fields generated by the characteristic roots of M(p,q) and N(p,q) over the rational field, R. This thesis is concerned with F(M(p,q)), especially in relation to F(N(p,q)). The principal results obtained are ...

Chemistry

To facilitate measurements of HDO in molecular clouds, late-type stars and planetary atmospheres, several new lines of HDO were measured between 200 and 750 GHz. The measurements were done in a one-meter gas flow cell, with specially constructed diode multiplier sources and a liquid helium cooled InSb hot-electron bolometer. The lines measured were of very low intensity, thanks to their higher J and K values. Both a-type and b-type transitions were observed, in the vibrational ground state (000)...

Applied Mechanics

NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document.The dynamic stability of single- and multi-degree-of-freedom unbalanced mass exciter systems is discussed. Previous work concerning this subject by A. Sommerfield, Y. Rocard, R. Mazét, V. O. Kononenko, Y. G. Panovko and I. I. Gubanova is summarized. A single-degree-of-freedom system consisting of a linear mechanical oscillator with a rotating unbalanced mass connected rigidl...

Engineering and Applied Science

NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document.This thesis attempts to estimate the power spectral density of low frequency semiconductor noise over a range of 10 decades, from a microcycle (10 [superscript -6] cps) to 10 kilocycles (10 [superscript +4] cps). It is concluded that the behavior is more complex than a simple inverse proportionality to frequency. The spectrum is approximately 1/f in the region around 100 cps and chan...

Chemistry

NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document.Part I.The infrared and near infrared spectra of acetic acid, d [subscript 3-] acetic acid, acetic acid-d, formic acid, d-formic acid, formic acid-d, HOD and methanol have been studied in several organic solvents. The solvents used were acetone, acetonitrile, dimethylsulfoxide, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran and their perdeuterated analogues. The spectra were characterized on the basis of ...

Physics

The absorption and emission of electromagnetic waves by a hot bounded plasma can be greatly influenced by the collective behavior of the plasma. A homogeneous slab model of a hot plasma is used in a theoretical study of these collective effects. A boundary-value problem is solved to find the fields in the plasma when a plane wave is incident on the plasma boundary. Power is found to be absorbed from the incident wave because of the Landau damping of longitudinal plasma waves excited in the plasm...

Mathematics

NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document.In this paper the relationship between the 2-length [...] and the 2-exponent [...] of a finite solvable group G is studied. It is shown that [...] - 1 provided that [...].The special case of groups satisfying [...] = 2, i.e., groups whose Sylow 2-groups are of exponent 4, is investigated to determine whether [...] in this case. This question is not answered but it is shown that a cer...

Chemical Engineering

NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document.I. The enthalpy change upon vaporization of n-hexane was experimentally determined by calorimetric measurements at temperatures between 100[degrees] and 340[degrees]F. The results are presented in tabular and graphical form. Good agreement is indicated with the limited data available.II. The specific volumes of the liquid and dense phase of trans-2-butene were measured at pressures u...

Biology

It has been proposed that large annulenes have alternation of bond length. The height of the annulene singlet transition energies has been cited as evidence for bond alternation.This thesis shows that the mechanism of bond alternation is inadequate to reproduce the experimental spectrum of the annulenes. I am able to explain the height of the annulene singlet transitions by the use of the alternant molecular orbital method.It appears that simple MO methods and even limited C.I. treatments seriou...

Physics

NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document.A torque method for measuring the persistent current in superconducting rings has been used to investigate the conservation of the fluxoid originally predicted by F. London. The fluxoid through a superconducting ring is the action integral of the canonical angular momentum of the superconducting electrons taken around the ring. This is comprised of two parts, one describing the mecha...

Biology

NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document.Part I: Protein Synthesis During Chicken Erthrocytes Differentiation.It was the major purpose of this research to study changes of protein synthesis during chicken erythrocyte differentiation.In Chapter 1, erythrocytes from the blood of normal and anemic birds were fractionated by buoyant density centrifugation in bovine serum albumin gradients. It is shown that this procedure fracti...

Engineering and Applied Science

NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document.Shock wave consolidation is an innovative processing technique for the densification of initially porous media. A compressive shock wave is introduced in the material by the impact of a high velocity flyer plate. Densification is achieved via intense inhomogeneous plastic deformation, pore collapse, and localized melting around particle surface. The passage of the shock wave may also...

Chemistry

NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document.New electrodes for electrochemistry in thin layers of solution have been constructed which are easier to use and give more reproducible data than previous designs. The theory of voltammetry, chronopotentiometry and chronocoulometry in thin layers is derived and verified for simple systems using these electrodes. The particular advantages of the thin layer approach for study of system...

Physics

NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document.de Broglie wave interferometers have been constructed, successfully utilizing extended superconducting links of tin to couple coherently the quantum phases of two Josephson junctions. The current transmitted by these devices was periodic in the enclosed flux (periodicity (.9

Biology

NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document.The native dAT components of C. antennarius and of C. borealis DNA have been separated in pure form by a new mercury binding technique.Two further DNA species, not heretofore described, are apparently also present in C. antennarius DNA. They have melting points and buoyant densities intermediate between those of dAT and of the major DNA component.A series of tests using optical densi...

Mechanical Engineering

Using the potential equations of motion of linear elasticity, the propagation of harmonic waves in an infinite rod of elliptical cross-section is investigated. The frequency equations for the propagation of flexural waves in rods with (i) zero surface displacements, and (ii) zero surface stresses are obtained in the form of infinite determinants, the elements of which involve Mathieu functions and their derivatives. It is shown that these determinants can be written in diagonal form when the ecc...

Applied Physics

Ion implantation at keV energies has become a well-established technique for surface modification of solid materials, especially semiconductors. The technique of MeV ion implantation has attracted considerable attention in recent years as it provides an extension of ion implantation technique with a high potential for interface modification of solid materials and for 3-dimensional electronic device fabrication. Extending the ion energy from keV to MeV provides many advantages in terms of the gre...

Astronomy

NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document.NGC 6822 is a member of the Local Group, type Im, coordinates [...]. The main body has a diameter of 3.6 c kpc and a mass (from radio rotation curves) of [...]. Mass-to-light ratio is 6.1 x c[superscript -1]. The color-magnitude diagram is plotted from measures on photographic plates calibrated by a photoelectric sequence. Photometry is complete to 19.5 (M[subscript v] = -5). Major f...

Biology

The genetic information of the small bacteriophage MS2 is stored in a single-stranded RNA molecule. This thesis is an analysis of the mechanism whereby the MS2 genetic material is replicated.In Part I, the presence of phage-specific double-stranded RNA in MS2-infected cells is demonstrated. The kinetics of conversion of the input parental strand to a duplex form, and of the formation of progeny duplexes, is also described.In Part II, the replication of phage-specific RNA duplexes is studied by m...