Food Science and Technology

Thermal processing has been used as a means of modifying the sensory aspects of wine. Cabernet Sauvignon wines were heated prior to dejuicing (3ºC per day from 25ºC to 42ºC) or after bottling (42

Civil Engineering

Energy-Based Evaluation and Remediation of Liquefiable SoilsRussell A. GreenDr. James K. Mitchell, ChairCharles E. Via, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringABSTRACTRemedial ground densification is commonly used to reduce the liquefaction susceptibility of loose, saturated sand deposits, wherein controlled liquefaction is typically induced as the first step in the densification process. Assuming that the extent of induced liquefaction is approximately equal to the extent of groun...

Educational Leadership and Policy Studies

A Meta-analysis of Researchon the Influence of Leadership on Student OutcomesbyLauncelot I. BrownJimmie C. Fortune, ChairEducational Research and Evaluation(ABSTRACT)Despite the fact that it is accepted that the role of the principal is central to the effectiveness of the school, the extent of that relationship remains a subject of continuing debate.Utilizing the statistical analytical approach of the meta-analysis, the study synthesized the quantitative data on the subject to determine the degr...

Agricultural and Applied Economics

This dissertation explores household risk and savings behavior in Zimbabwe, and agricultural technology adoption, and the impact of public investments on the economy and community health in Ethiopia. The first paper analyzes changes in per capita consumption and savings behavior in Zimbabwe before and after a range of financial and weather-related shocks using comparable national income, consumption and expenditure surveys of 1990/91 and 1995/96. The empirical results show that before droughts a...

Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise

Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are considered to be a public health problem of global importance by the World Health Organization. The present epidemiologic survey study investigated the prevalence, risk factors, and consequences of pathogenic IPIs on the growth, nutrition and psychomotor development of 244 Ecuadorian children aged 0.2-14 years. The study was conducted in five rural hamlets located in a tropical rainforest area in northwest Ecuador. The study data were obtained by means ...

Psychology

Structural equation modeling procedures were used to further the current understanding of the construct personal responsibility. Broadly defined, personal responsibility is a state in which an individual feels a sense of obligation to a situation or event (Cummings & Anton, 1990; Dose & Klimoski, 1995). Behaviors performed due to personal responsibility are performed for internal as opposed to external reasons. It was hypothesized that feelings of personal responsibility could be...

Psychology

The primary purpose of the investigation was to examine differences in symptom-expression between Caucasians and Asians in response to college-stress. College-stress was defined as adjustment problems that students experience as a function of exposure to a college environment. The propensity of each group to express symptoms in response to stress in somatic (i.e., bodily) versus psychological (i.e., anxiety and depression) modes was investigated. Previous reports have postulated a somatization h...

Landscape Architecture

Researchers are presently developing information visualization technologies, with one of their primary purposes being the assisting of educators in the teaching of students.This thesis examines whether this technology affects student learning and attitudes toward the learning experience.By presenting information to students using visualization technologies, the hypothesis was tested that learning would be facilitated and that attitudes would be affected positively.Students were asked to particip...

Psychology

Ongoing controversies regarding the clinical and nosological status of ADHD in adults emphasize the need for studies examining whether DSM-IV ADHD symptom dimensions and subtypes identified in research with children are valid for adults. Firm symptom criteria validated by data from adult samples have not been developed. Moreover, many clinic-referred adults present with attentional complaints and exhibit symptoms, neurocognitive weaknesses, and secondary problems similar to those seen in ADHD. H...

Counselor Education

Job Satisfaction Among Elementary School Counselorsin Virginia: Thirteen Years LaterByDoris S. DeMatoCommittee Chairperson: Claire Cole CurcioProfessor and Program Leader, Counselor Education(ABSTRACT)This study was conducted to determine the current job satisfaction level of elementary school counselors in Virginia and compare it with elementary school counselors surveyed in 1995 and 1988. At the time of the 1988 survey, the Virginia Board of Education had passed a resolution to phase elementar...

Statistics

The k-sample data setting is one of the most common datasettings used today. The null hypothesis that is most generallyof interest for these methods is that the k-samples have thesame location. Currently there are several procedures availablefor the individual who has data of this type. The most often usedmethod is commonly called the ANOVA F-test. This test assumesthat all of the underlying distributions are normal, with equalvariances. Thus the only allowable difference in thedistributions is ...

Teaching and Learning

This qualitative interpretive study explored how five pre-service teachers constructedmeaning of reflection, and how these meanings informed their practice. The purpose of thisresearch was to better understand reflective practice in teacher preparation. The theories onreflective practice by Dewey (1933), Schon (1983, 1987), and van Manen (1977) guided thisstudy. This research incorporated the historical and institutional contexts of the study, andapplied a symbolic interaction theoretical and an...

Educational Leadership and Policy Studies

THE FACTORS THAT MAY INFLUENCE A FACULTY MEMBER S DECISION TO ADOPT ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGIES IN INSTRUCTIONAbstractThe adoption and diffusion of electronic technologies into the higher education are complex processes. This study was formulated to see which factors might influence faculty members motivation and inclination to adopt new electronic technologies in their delivery of instruction. The following research questions were addressed in this study: a) What social variables are involved in th...

Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science

<I>Orobanche</I> (spp.) are parasitic plants that attack the roots of many important crops. <I>O. aegyptiaca</I> penetrates the host root (aided by digestive enzymes) and forms connections to the host vascular tissue, from which it will withdraw all of its water and nutrient requirements. In order to control this weed, it is important to understand the relationship between the host and the parasite. To investigate how parasitism effects hos...

Mechanical Engineering

An innovative application of existing technology is proposed for attenuating the effects of transient phenomena, such as rotor-stator and rotor-strut interactions, linked to noise and fatigue failure in turbomachinery environments. A computational study was designed to assess the potential of Passive Porosity Technology as a mechanism for alleviating interaction effects and radiated noise by reducing the fluctuating forces acting on the vane surfaces. The study involved a typical high bypass fan...

Animal and Poultry Sciences

A series of studies were conducted to evaluate effects of lactation, exercise, and anti-folate drugs on folate status in the horse, and the bioavailability of supplement and feed folate in the horse. In the first study, mares and foals had adequate plasma folate, RBC folate, and plasma homocysteine concentrations during 6 mo of lactation and growth. Therefore, mares and foals maintained on quality grass/legume pastures and offered a pasture supplement did not require additional folate supplement...

Geography

Providers of high-speed, wireless data services need to know where in their service area to place transmitters to reach potential customers. Viewshed analysis, a technique found in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software, can be used to model propagation of the wireless signals from different locations to find the best transmitter site. To carry out viewshed analysis, digital data are required for all obstructions the signal may encounter along its path. One such obstruction, terrain, can ...

Engineering Science and Mechanics

This work discusses the deformations of various unsymmetric composite panels due to thermal and mechanical loads. Chapter 2 focuses on the warpage of large unsymmetric curved composite panels due manufacturing anomalies. These panels are subjected to a temperature change of -280

Educational Leadership and Policy Studies

<html><head><title>Untitled Document</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"></head><body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"><center>THE RELATIONSHIP OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL STRAIN,AND COPING RESOURCES TO THE TURNOVER INTENTIONS OF REHABILITATION COUNSELORS<br>by<br>Ch...

Human Development

This study examined commitment levels of two groups of employees: core government employees and contract employees who directly supported the Federal Government. The sample included 85 government employees and 131 contract employees. The research identified each group s level of commitment to various work entities. These included: immediate government office, government organization, employer, and occupation. The focus was on affective commitment, i.e., an employee s emotional attachment to, and...

Teaching and Learning

<html><head><title>Untitled Document</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"></head><body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"><div align="center">Learning to Negotiate Difference: <br>Narratives of Experience in Inclusive Education </div><p align="center"&a...

Mechanical Engineering

Advanced ceramic materials have found many new applications in the automotive and other industries. To satisfy demands of higher temperatures and inert surfaces, new lubrication methods for these ceramics need explored and evaluated. This thesis focuses on a boundary lubrication method termed tribopolymerization -- the formation of polymers at the tribological interphase. The research evaluated new high-temperature classes of anti-wear additives. The work involved experiments on steel and alumin...

Agricultural and Applied Economics

Nitrogen (N) is a key nutrient input to crops and one of the major pollutants to the environment from agriculture in the United States. Recent developments in site-specific management (SSM) technology have the potential to reduce both N overapplication and underapplication and increase farmers net returns. In Virginia, due to the high variability of within-field yield-limiting factors such as soil physical properties and fertility, the adoption of SSM is hindered by high gridsampling...

Food Science & Technology

Due to the rapid nature of microwave heating, the microbiological safety of foods prepared in the microwave has been in question for several years. Because foods are heated from the inside out and are strictly governed by their own internal properties such as ionic content, moisture level and specific heat, work must be done to further master control of such properties so microwave cooking can be more predictable, controlled and ensure control pathogens. <paragraph>This study conce...

Political Science

Among scholars in the field of state and local politics, the value of using the state and local levels of analysis cannot be overemphasized. Examining political trends at these levels often provides us with far more information about the United States than only looking at the national level. This is true particularly for subjects like elections, parties, and realignment. The research reported here adds to a body of literature that focuses on the state level when examining elections and party rea...

Electrical and Computer Engineering

The High-Intensity-Discharge Lamps (HID), consisting of a broad range of gas discharge lamps, are notable for their high luminous efficacy, good color rendering, and long life. Metal halide lamps have the best combination of the above properties and are considered the most ideal light sources. Recently, there has been an emerging demand to replace the conventional halogen headlamps with the newly introduced small-wattage metal halide HID lamps. However, this lamp demands a highly efficient balla...

Forestry

The present state of forestry post mining land uses has prompted concern among researchers, landowners, and the public. Surface mines reclaimed to forests under the provision of the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) may not achieve site productivity levels required by the law. Anecdotal evidence suggests that many pre-law reforested mined sites are growing productive forests. The purpose of this study was to characterize these forests and the mine soils in which they are growing...

Science and Technology Studies

In this dissertation, I examine astronomical practice in the second half of the seventeenth century by analyzing the nature of observation and instrumentation within an institutional and social context. I argue that astronomical practice was transformed by the convergence of several overlapping factors including the deployment of new instruments, the mathematical and astronomical education of practitioners, the gradual assimilation of new ideas, and the rise of scientific societies and networks....

Veterinary Medical Sciences

The objective of part one of this study was to determine if the presence of porcine growth hormone (pGH) during oocycte in vitro maturation (IVM) affected subsequent embryo development. Pig cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) (n=987) were aspirated from slaughterhouse derived ovaries and cultured in BSA-free NCSU 23 medium containing porcine follicular fluid (10% v/v), cysteine (0.1 mg/ml) and hormonal supplements (eCG and hCG, 10 IU/ml each), 10 ng/ml EGF, and with or without pGH (100 ng/ml) for 22 ...

Mechanical Engineering

Today s commercial rapid prototyping systems (i.e., solid freeform fabrication, layered manufacturing) rely on human intervention to load and unload build jobs. Hence, jobs are processed subject to both the machine s and the operator s schedules. In particular, first-in-first-out (FIFO) queuing of such systems will result in machine idle time whenever a build job has been completed and an operator is not available to unload that build job and start up the next one. These machine idle times can s...

Educational Leadership and Policy Studies

VIRGINIA TEACHER LICENSURE EXAMINATION POLICY: INTENDED AND UNINTENDED EFFECTS ON TEACHER AVAILABILITY AND MINORITY REPRESENTATIONRuth H.Grimes-Crump(ABSTRACT)A major component of the screening process for prospective teachers is the licensure examination. The examination serves two important functions: (a) sorting and screening candidates and (b) defining the knowledge base for professional practice. The first function receives the most attention from policymakers and serves the symbolic purpos...

Educational Leadership and Policy Studies

THE SARASOTA COUNTY, FLORIDA SCHOOL DISTRICTLEADERSHIP TRAINING PROGRAM - A DESCRIPTIVE CASE STUDYWaide L. RobinsonCommittee Chairman: Steve ParsonEducational LeadershipAbstractEach year, thousands of educators make the difficult transition from classroom to administrative office. A large body of research supports the view that many of them are inadequately prepared to meet the demands of their new role. Researchers have found that university training programs need to be supplemented and reinfor...

Electrical and Computer Engineering

Multi-Agent systems is a topic for a lot of research, especially research involving strategy, evolution and cooperation among various agents. Various learning algorithm schemes have been proposed such as reinforcement learning and evolutionary computing.In this thesis two solutions to a multi-agent herding problem are presented. One solution is based on Q-learning algorithm, while the other is based on modeling of artificial immune system.Q-learning solution for the herding problem is developed,...

Electrical and Computer Engineering

This dissertation is a systematic study of artificial neural networks (ANN) applications in power system restoration (PSR). PSR is based on available generation and load to be restored analysis. A literature review showed that the conventional PSR methods, i.e. the pre-established guidelines, the expert systems method, the mathematical programming method and the petri-net method have limitations such as the necessary time to obtain the PSR plan. ANN may help to solve this problem presenting a re...

Electrical and Computer Engineering

Performance analysis of Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) technologies, which are implemented on existing telephone subscriber loops, is of vital importance to DSL service providers. This type of analysis requires accurate prediction of the local loop structure and precise identification of the cable parameters. These cables are the main components of the loop and are typically comprised of multi-conductor twisted pair type currently being used on existing telephone subscriber loops. This system ide...

Teaching and Learning

The purpose of this study was (a) to determine which student support service resources should be included in an Online Wellness Resource Center (OWRC) available within an online course and (b) to create a paper-based schematic for such a prototype. To address these research questions, a needs assessment was conducted to determine whether learners perceived a need for access to wellness resources. Finding that they did express this need, the assessment then identified the specific wellness resour...

Teaching and Learning

Strength and conditioning professionals spend a great deal of time and effort trying to improve athletic performance. Even as coaches evaluate each athlete by using the results of a vast battery of tests, there has been considerable speculation and discussion about the physical attributes of Division I football players and their playing status. The purpose of this study was to determine what influence strength, power, and performance tests scores have on an individual s playing status.The Skill ...

Teaching and Learning

STAGES OF CONCERN OF TEACHERS INNORTH CAROLINA 4/4 BLOCK SCHEDULEDPUBLIC SCHOOLSByScott Allyn WilliamsCommittee Chair: Dr. Daisy StewartCareer and Technical Education(ABSTRACT)As 4/4 block scheduling was implemented in North Carolina, many public schools offered staff development to help teachers make the transition from a six- or seven- period school schedule, but little is known about the staff development provided. The purposes of this study were to determine the Stages of Concern of North Ca...

Food Science and Technology

Fifty-eight meat and poultry plants in Virginia were assessed during spring and summer of 2000. These assessments were all conducted in the presence of state inspection and were designed to be non-regulatory. The audit team included N.G. Marriott, M.A. Tolbert and B.P. Quinn. The audits consisted of a tour of the facility and a review of SSOPs and all HACCP related documentation. To assist in these audits, a HACCP check sheet was developed and utilized to indicate suggestions or deficiencies. Mo...

Veterinary Medical Sciences

Cultures of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) can achieve neuronal maturation with axons, making them useful for neurobiological studies. They have not, however, previously been used to investigate subcellular events that occur following exposure to neuropathy-inducing organophosphorus (OP) esters. Recent studies in other systems demonstrated alterations of ATP concentrations and changes in mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DYm) following exposure to neuropathy-inducing OP compounds, suggesting tha...

Hospitality and Tourism Management

In the dynamic global environment of today, understanding how travelers acquire information is important for marketing management decisions (Srinivasan 1990; Wilkie and Dickson 1985). For destination marketing managers, understanding information search behavior of travelers is crucial for designing effective marketing communication campaigns because information search represents the primary stage at which marketing can provide information and influence travelers vacation decisions. Therefore, co...

Educational Leadership and Policy Studies

Over the last three decades, the magnet school program has been employed as a desegregation tool to eliminate, reduce, or prevent minority group isolation in public schools in America. By definition, the magnet school program has three essential elements: a unified curriculum based on a special theme or method of instruction, enrollment of students beyond the geographic attendance zone, and student and parent choice. The impetus for magnet school programs emerged from debates covering busing, ch...

Chemistry

Two novel classes of siloxane containing, organic-inorganic block copolymers were prepared using different synthetic approaches. The first copolymers were alternating poly(arylene ether phosphine oxide)-poly(dimethylsiloxane) systems, prepared via oligomeric silylamine-hydroxyl reactions. Secondly, segmented nylon 6,6-poly(dimethylsiloxane) block copolymers were synthesized via a non-aqueous adaptation of the nylon 6,6 salt hydrolytic polyamidization, using bis(aminopropyl) dimethylsiloxane olig...

Human Development

This study uses autobiographical reflection to investigate the negative impact of essentialist masculine gender socialization on men s lives. In particular, I use personal recollective accounts both from my early childhood socializationin the traditional Greek-Cypriot culture of the 1970s and 80sand from my own introspections and analytical conceptualizations concerning intimate relationships in general. I analyze these accounts by using a feminist postmodern ideology of gender deconstruction an...

Civil Engineering

A technique was developed for analyzing and developing mechanical properties for porous geomaterials subjected to the high pressures encountered in penetration and blast-type loadings. A finite element (FE) code was developed to verify laboratory test results or to predict unavailable laboratory test data for porous media loaded to multikilobar stress levels. This FE program eliminates a deficiency in the process of analyzing and developing mechanical properties for porous geomaterials by furnis...

Mechanical Engineering

Since the early 70s chemistry and transport models (ChTMs) have been proposed and improved. Tropospheric ChTMs for trace species are detailed numerical formulations intended to represent the atmospheric system as a whole, accounting for all the individual processes and phenomena that influence climate changes.The development of computer resources and the retrieval of emission inventories and observational data of the species of interest have enhanced the model evolution towards three-dimensional...

Educational Leadership and Policy Studies

The purpose of this research was to evaluate outcomes of a single-sex program at an elementary school in Portsmouth, Virginia. Evaluation criteria were (girls and boys feelings about being grouped into single-sex education and coeducational classes, (teaching behaviors, (3) student achievement, (4)student attendance, and (5) student misbehaviors.There were four measures of feelings in this study: feelings about the teacher, feelings about relationships with classmates, feelings about school work...

Architecture

The project presented here is a NCAA Division I capacity football stadium located on the campus of James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Virginia.This stadium is a vehicle for exploring and expressing my ideas about the role of structure in architecture, and about an architects realm of control in a building project. The typology of a stadium allows for a limited number of functional requirements while, at the same time, allowing for, if not demanding, a creative structural solution.

Mechanical Engineering

A transient model of the cathode catalyst layer of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is presented. The catalyst layer structure can be described as a superposition of the polymer membrane, the backing layer, and some additional platinum particles. The model, which incorporates some of the features of the pseudo-homogeneous models currently present in the literature, considers the kinetics of the electrochemical reaction taking place at the platinum surface, the proton transport through the po...

Human Development

The National Transportation Safety Board has cited deficiencies in judgement and decision-making as contributing factors in numerous general aviation accidents. Several studies have also indicated that some pilots exhibit <i>hazardous attitudes</i> in their decision-making processes. Although decision-making and judgment training is mentioned by the Federal Aviation Administration as areas that should be taught to aspiring pilots, there are relatively few current guid...