L. Rødevand, and T. M. Ljosaa, and L. P. Granan, and T. Knutzen, and H. B. Jacobsen, and S. E. Reme

Abstract Background Individual Placement and Support (IPS) is an evidence-based work rehabilitation model with well-documented effects for people with mental illness. The model has, however, never been tested out for people with chronic pain. This pilot study aimed to investigate chronic pain patients’ experiences with the IPS job support model. Methods We recruited eight consecutive patients referred for various chronic pain conditions at a hospital outpatient pain clinic. They were offered IPS...

Patttamaporn Kittayapong, and Nuanla-ong Kaeothaisong, and Suwannapa Ninphanomchai, and Wanitch Limohpasmanee

ABSTRACT Background The sterile insect technique (SIT), which is based on irradiation-induced sterility, and incompatible insect technique (IIT), which is based on Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility (a kind of male sterility), have been used as alternative methods to reduce mosquito vector populations. Both methods require the release of males to reduce fertile females and suppress the number of natural populations. Different techniques of sex separation to obtain only males have been...

Mercedes González-Wangüemert, and Christina C. Roggatz, and Maria João Rodrigues, and Luísa Barreira, and Manuela Moreira da Silva, and Luísa Custódio

Abstract This work makes a comparative evaluation of the biochemical profile of three sea commercial cucumber species (Holothuria mammata, H. polii and H. tubulosa) caught from different locations of the Mediterranean Sea (SE Spain). All species had high levels of moisture (from 73.6% in H. mammata to 81.2% in H. tubulosa), crude ash (from 9.61% in H. mammata to 14.7% in H. tubulosa) and protein (3.01% in H. tubulosa to 11.1% in H. mammata). They also had a low fat content, from 0.21% in H. tubu...

Yuanyuan Yu, and Hongkai Li, and Xiaoru Sun, and Ping Su, and Tingting Wang, and Yi Liu, and Zhongshang Yuan, and Yanxun Liu, and Fuzhong Xue

Abstract Background Confounders can produce spurious associations between exposure and outcome in observational studies. For majority of epidemiologists, adjusting for confounders using logistic regression model is their habitual method, though it has some problems in accuracy and precision. It is, therefore, important to highlight the problems of logistic regression and search the alternative method. Methods Four causal diagram models were defined to summarize confounding equivalence. Both theo...

Bâki Iz H.

The residuals of 27 globally distributed long tide gauge recordswere scrutinized after removing the globally compounding effect of the periodic lunar node tides and almost periodic solar radiation’s sub and superharmonics from the tide gauge data. The spectral analysis of the residuals revealed additional unmodeled periodicities at decadal scales, 19 of which are within the close range of 12–14 years, at 27 tide gauge stations. The amplitudes of the periodicitieswere subsequently estimated for t...

N. B. Yesipova, and O. V. Fedonenko

Indicator indexes of ecological unhappiness of fish populations were found from researches of morphological-physiological showings of Sutilus rutilus, inhabiting zones of Dnieprovske (Zaporizke) reservoir distinguished for their ecology.

Mausumi Basu, and Palash Das, and Gagori Chowdhury

Background: Medical colleges in India usually follow a traditional curriculum, characterized by "discipline wise model" which compelled Medical Council of India to recommend a teaching approach characterized by maximal efforts to encourage integrated teaching (IT) between traditional subject areas. Objectives: To assess the feasibility of IT; to compare IT with traditional teaching (TT) and to analyze the student′s feedback and faculty feedback about perception of IT. Materials and Methods: An i...

Yanina Herrera, and Juan Martín Leardi, and Marta S. Fernández

Thalattosuchians are a group of Mesozoic crocodylomorphs known from aquatic deposits of the Early Jurassic–Early Cretaceous that comprises two main lineages of almost exclusively marine forms, Teleosauridae and Metriorhynchoidea. Teleosaurids were found in shallow marine, brackish and freshwater deposits, and have been characterized as semiaquatic near-shore forms, whereas metriorhynchids are a lineage of fully pelagic forms, supported by a large set of morphological characters of the skull and ...

Gregory Pasternack, and Scott L. Morford, and Aaron A. Fulton

Spring-run chinook salmon historically migrated far upstream into Sierra Nevada rivers but are now confined to gravel-limited reaches below large dams ringing the Central Valley. In this study, topographic analysis and photo interpretation reveal the 100-year history of channel conditions in the bedrock canyon on the Yuba River below Englebright Dam, which also abuts the UC Sierra Foothill Research and Extension Center. Historical evidence shows that alluvial bars provided spring-run chinook sal...

Hooman Allayee, and Cristina Davis, and Olga Fortenko, and Nicholas J. Kenyon, and Gertrud Schuster, and Charles Stephensen, and Amir Zeki

The lifetime prevalence of asthma in California is nearly 20%, and better therapies are needed to manage this common chronic disease. Fish oils containing omega-3 fatty acids are considered a potential therapy for asthma and other inflammatory diseases. Fish oil inhibits the production of arachidonic acid 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5), an enzyme that exacerbates the lung inflammation that causes asthma. We discuss the genetics of asthma and our preliminary results using a strategy to identify the subgr...

Andriy Buketov, and Pavlo Maruschak, and Oleksandr Sapronov, and Dmytro Zinchenko, and Vitaliy Yatsyuk, and Sergey Panin

Coatings based on epoxy diane oligomer ED-20 are being developed as environmentally benign, foulingresistant marine coatings. Silver oxide and carbonate (mixture) was used as filler, the dispersion of which is 0.5 µm. It is proved that for the formation of composites with the improved physical and mechanical properties it is necessary to add Mechanical Mixture of Silver Carbonate and Oxide (MMSCO) in the amount of q = 0.050…0.250 pts. wt. into the epoxy diane oligomer ED-20 (100 pts. wt.). The ...

Raimondas Idzelis, and Gintarė Sauliutė, and Joana Grigelevičiūtė, and Gintaras Svecevičius

The article presents tests on one-year artificially bred Atlantic salmon. For 14 days, fish were exposed to lead nitrate Pb (NO3)2 under concentration corresponding to the highest allowable standard of inland water making 0.005 mg Pb/l. Lead (Pb) in fish tissues (muscle and gills) was determined applying atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The obtained results have showed that the maximum-permissible-amount of lead in fish (MPA = 0.2 mg Pb/kg) (Lithuanian Hygiene Standard HN 54:2003) sli...

Antonio Palacio, and Belarmino Adenso-Díaz, and Sebastián Lozano

In this paper, the design of a maritime container depot logistic network in a hinterland is studied. Containers are a basic tool in multimodal product transportation and all related operations have an impact on the environment due to different externalities such as noise, atmospheric and visual pollution. A three objective optimization model is used to minimize the total network cost, the environmental impact generated by the road transport operations associated with the depots (TI) and the env...

Ali Taheri, and Mgmostafa Ghaffari, and Zeinab Bavi, and Fariborz Sohili

Background: Seaweed is one of the natural resources with a wide range of secondary metabolites, which has cytotoxic properties. The present study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effect of seaweed Sargassum glaucescens collected from Chabahar seashores against colorectal and breast cancer cells. Materials and Methods: The cytotoxicity of methanol, chloroform, ethyl-acetate and hexane extracts of the seaweed at different concentrations (125, 250, 500 and 1000 μg/ml) against cancer cells of MCF...

Mo Zhu, and Michael Chen, and Murat Kristal

The maritime transport industry continues to draw international attention on significant Greenhouse Gas emissions. The introduction of emissions taxes aims to control and reduce emissions. The uncertainty of carbon tax policy affects shipping companies’ fleet planning and increases costs. We formulate the fleet planning problem under carbon tax policy uncertainty a multi-stage stochastic integer-programming model for the liner shipping companies. We develop a scenario tree to represent the struc...

Imelda Williams, and Marilyn Baird, and Beverley Pearce, and Michal Schneider

Abstract Introduction Radiographers are at times required to provide preliminary information on plain radiography when significant findings are identified. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two short training modules to improve the accuracy of image interpretation of the appendicular skeleton amongst a group of radiographers. Methods Eight radiographers volunteered to participate in the study. All undertook a pre‐test and, following delivery of course materials, an immedi...

Bussapakorn U, and Petchporn C, and Sompop R

This research aimed to study the effects of temperature and ammonia on the health status of Acropora sp., Turbinaria sp., and Porites sp. by using acute toxicity testing (50% Lethal Concentration: LC50). The acute effects were monitored at temperatures of 30°C and 33°C at 24 and 48 hrs. The concentrations of ammonia varied at 0 0.05 0.07 and 0.1 mgN/L, respectively. The active polyp percentages of Acropora sp. was analyzed with comparison to the health status percentages. According to the findin...

Buddha Basnyat, and Maxine Caws, and Zarir Udwadia

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) remains the most common cause of infectious disease deaths worldwide. What is perhaps less appreciated is that the caseload of tuberculosis patients in South Asia is staggering. South Asia has almost 40% of the global TB burden with 4,028,165 cases in 2015. This region also has a disproportionate share of TB deaths (681,975 deaths, 38% of the global burden). Worldwide just 12.5% of TB cases are in HIV positive individuals, but much research and investment ha...

Davide Faranda, and M. Carmen Alvarez-Castro, and Gabriele Messori, and David Rodrigues, and Pascal Yiou

There is little knowledge on how the difficulty of forecasting weather may be affected by climate change. Here, the authors find that the atmosphere’s predictability may increase in the future due to warmer oceans.

D. Kim, and J. A. Chun, and S. J. Choi

<p>Climate change is a global stressor that can undermine water management policies developed with the assumption of stationary climate. While the response-surface-based assessments provided a new paradigm for formulating actionable adaptive solutions, the uncertainty associated with the stress tests poses challenges. To address the risks of unsatisfactory performances in a climate domain, this study proposed the incorporation of the logistic regression into a decision-centric framework. The pro...

F. G. Irungu, and C. M. Mutungi, and A. K. Faraj, and H. Affognon, and C. Tanga, and S. Ekesi, and D. Nakimbugwe, and K. K. M. Fiaboe

Abstract Animal food sources provide human beings with minerals considerably in adequate quantities. Fish is an indispensable reliable source of nutrients, as aquaculture is a sector that is fast growing and which provides 50% of the world’s fish production. However, fish production is hampered by the increasing costs of feeds due to the ever rising cost of fish meal, an integral component of fish feeds. Substituting fish meal with cheap, yet highly nutritious ingredients in fish feeds is theref...

Karandish, F., and Shahnazari, A.

The present study was carried out to evaluate three interpolation methods including weighted moving average (WMA) with the power of 2 and 3, Kriging and Cokriging methods. Data of 23 wells in Mazandaran province were collected in fall and spring 2006. Seven parameters including electrical conductivity (EC), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), total hardness (TH), chloride concentration (Cl- ) and sulphate concentration (SO4 2- ) have been chosen as groundwater q...

Juan Liu, and Xiao Liu, and Xue-Qin Xiong, and Ting Yang, and Ting Cui, and Na-Li Hou, and Xi Lai, and Shu Liu, and Min Guo, and Xiao-Hua Liang, and Qian Cheng, and Jie Chen, and Ting-Yu Li

Abstract Background Dysbiosis of gut microbiota are commonly reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and may contribute to behavioral impairment. Vitamin A (VA) plays a role in regulation of gut microbiota. This study was performed to investigate the role of VA in the changes of gut microbiota and changes of autism functions in children with ASD. Results Sixty four, aged 1 to 8 years old children with ASD completed a 6-month follow-up study with VA intervention. High-performance liquid chroma...

Christopher Centeno, and Jason Markle, and Ehren Dodson, and Ian Stemper, and Christopher J. Williams, and Matthew Hyzy, and Thomas Ichim, and Michael Freeman

Abstract Background Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a common cause of lower back pain with radicular symptoms and has a significant socioeconomic impact given the associated disability. Limited effective conservative therapeutic options result in many turning to surgical alternatives for management, which vary in the rate of success and also carry an increased risk of morbidity and mortality associated with the procedures. Several animal based studies and a few human pilot studies have demons...

James R. Tweedley, and Chris S. Hallett, and Stephen J. Beatty

Abstract This study represents the first quantitative survey of the fish fauna of the highly eutrophic Vasse and Wonnerup estuaries, part of the Ramsar-listed Vasse-Wonnerup Wetland System in south-western Australia. Sampling at five sites in each of these estuaries occurred in January 2012 (austral summer) to provide a species inventory and determine whether the number of species, total density and fish community composition differed between the two water bodies. A total of 18,148 fish were rec...

Andreas Richter, and Eric Marderwald, and José L. Hormaechea, and Luciano Mendoza, and Raúl Perdomo, and Gerardo Connon, and Mirko Scheinert, and Martin Horwath, and Reinhard Dietrich

Based on precise pressure tide gauge observations lake-level records are derived for two sites in Lago Argentino, southern Patagonia, of 2.5 and 1 years of duration. Applying the tools of time series analysis, the principal processes affecting the lake level are identified and quantified. Lake-level changes reflecting variations in lake volume are dominated by a seasonal cycle of 1.2 m in amplitude. Lake-volume changes occur in addition with a daily period in response to melt water influx from s...

Elisabetta Franchi, and Antonella Carosi, and Lucia Ghetti, and Daniela Giannetto, and Giovanni Pedicillo, and Laura Pompei, and Massimo Lorenzoni

<p class="p1">The aim of this study was to assess whether the composition of the fish community in the upper Tiber River Basin changed after the construction of the Montedoglio Reservoir by comparing the composition of the fish assemblages before and after the creation of this structure. Data collected in 2010 from three different sampling sites (one above and two downstream from the dam) were compared with those recorded during previous studies (conducted in 1992) to reveal the change in fish c...

Dmitriy M. Martirosov, and Monique R. Bidell, and Manjunath P. Pai, and Marc H. Scheetz, and Susan L. Rosenkranz, and Corey Faragon, and M. Malik, and R. E. Mendes, and R. N. Jones, and Louise-Anne McNutt, and Thomas P. Lodise

Abstract Background In vitro data suggests that suboptimal initial vancomycin exposure may select for heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) infections. However, no clinical studies have evaluated the relationship between initial vancomycin exposure and emergence of hVISA. This pilot study seeks to assess the relationship between day 1 and day 2 vancomycin area under the curve (AUC) and emergence of hVISA bloodstream infections (BSIs) by Etest® macromethod among pati...

Anna C. Phillips, and Shylie F. Mackintosh, and Alison Bell, and Kylie N. Johnston

Abstract Background Using simulated learning environments with standardised patients (SPs) provides a way to scaffold the development of skills for patient safety in a low risk environment. There are no data regarding whether adding SP interactions in early years of physiotherapy training improves safe performance on clinical placement. We assessed the feasibility of recruiting and collecting data from junior physiotherapy students during an SP workshop with a pilot non-randomised trial, also as...

Arcadio Morales-Pérez, and Elizabeth Nava-Aguilera, and José Legorreta-Soberanis, and Antonio Juan Cortés-Guzmán, and Alejandro Balanzar-Martínez, and Eva Harris, and Josefina Coloma, and Víctor M. Alvarado-Castro, and Mónica Violeta Bonilla-Leon, and Liliana Morales-Nava, and Robert J. Ledogar, and Anne Cockcroft, and Neil Andersson

Abstract Background In the Mexican state of Guerrero, some households place fish in water storage containers to prevent the development of mosquito larvae. Studies have shown that larvivorous fish reduce larva count in household water containers, but there is a lack of evidence about whether the use of fish is associated with a reduction in dengue virus infection. We used data from the follow up survey of the Camino Verde cluster randomised controlled trial of community mobilisation to reduce de...

H. M. M Herath, and N. P. Weerasinghe, and H. Dias, and T. P. Weerarathna

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a global epidemic with significant disability and premature death. Identification of the level of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) related to diabetes among the general public is important in strategies for prevention of diabetes mellitus. Methods This study was conducted as a community based cross sectional study in three Medical Officers of Health (MOH) areas in Galle district. Previously healthy literate individuals who have n...

Rajib Majumder, and Anilava Kaviraj

Abstract Bioassays were conducted with technical grade and commercial formulation of cypermethrin using freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus as the test fish. The technical grade cypermethrin contained 92% active ingredient (a.i.) and the commercial formulation was an emulsified concentrate (EC) containing 10% a.i. (10% EC). Based on the actual concentration in water (2 h), the commercial formulation was found to be more acutely toxic to O. niloticus (96-h LC50 = 4.85 μg/L) than the technical g...

Ritindra N. Bhaduri, and Maya Wolf

Abstract Rocky intertidal zones are biologically diverse environments with numerous physical stressors; as such, close associations between organisms often develop to overcome such stressors and enhance survival of associates. As major components of rocky shores, macroalgae support numerous invertebrate species. In this study, we evaluated the habitat-providing role of the red alga, Halosaccion glandiforme (S.G. Gmelin) Ruprecht. This alga, also called sea sacs, is commonly found on rocky shores...

Kayla M. Hamelin, and Michael C. James

Abstract Attachment methods for satellite tags deployed on marine animals must optimize data collection and minimize potential adverse effects on the study subjects. The smooth, oily carapace of the leatherback turtle contrasts with the keratinized scutes of other sea turtles and has required the development of novel approaches to tag attachment. Early leatherback satellite tracking work focused on non-invasive methods, namely the use of custom-fitted harnesses, which have now largely been repla...

L. E. Pezzin, and E. R. Larson, and W. Lorber, and E. L. McGinley, and Timothy R. Dillingham

Abstract Background Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a common sequelae of severe combat-related emotional trauma that is often associated with significantly reduced quality of life in afflicted veterans. To date, no published study has examined the effect of an active, music-instruction intervention as a complementary strategy to improve the psychological well-being of veterans with PTSD. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and potential effectiveness of an active, m...

Prasansa Subba, and Nagendra P. Luitel, and Brandon A. Kohrt, and Mark J. D. Jordans

Abstract Background Despite increasing efforts to expand availability of mental health services throughout the world, there continues to be limited utilization of these services by persons with mental illness and their families. Community-based detection that facilitates identification and referral of people with mental health problems has been advocated as an effective strategy to increase help-seeking and service utilization. The Community Informant Detection Tool (CIDT) was developed for the ...

Elanor C. Hinton, and Laura A. Birch, and John Barton, and Jeffrey M. P. Holly, and Kalina M. Biernacka, and Sam D. Leary, and Aileen Wilson, and Olivia S. Byrom, and Julian P. Hamilton-Shield

Abstract Background Slowing eating rate using the Mandolean® previously helped obese adolescents to self-select smaller portion sizes, with no reduction in satiety, and enhanced ghrelin suppression. The objective of this pilot, randomised trial was to investigate the neural response to food cues following Mandolean® training using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), and measures of ghrelin, PYY, glucose and self-reported appetite. Method Twenty-four obese adolescents (11–18 years; BMI ...

Cassie M. Hazell, and Christina J. Jones, and Mark Hayward, and Stephen A. Bremner, and Daryl B. O’Connor, and Vanessa Pinfold, and Helen E. Smith

Abstract Background The caregivers of people who experience psychosis are themselves at risk of developing physical and mental health problems. This risk is increased for older adult caregivers who also have to manage the lifestyle and health changes associated with ageing. As a consequence, older adult caregivers are in particular need of support; we propose a Written Emotional Disclosure (WED) intervention, called Positive Written Disclosure (PWD). Methods/design This is a pilot randomised con...

M. Natalia Rincón-Díaz, and Brigitte Gavio, and Michael J. Wynne, and Adriana Santos-Martínez

Ten species of red macroalgae are newly reported for the Seaflower International Biosphere Reserve in the Caribbean Sea. Of these taxa, four have been previously reported for the Colombian Caribbean: Dohrniella antillarum, Halydictyon mirabile, Taenioma nanum, and Aglaothamnion cordatum. The remaining six species are new records for the country: Callithamniella tingitana, Frikkiella searlesii, Lejolisia exposita, Melanothamnus gorgoniae, Monosporus indicus, and Wrangelia gordoniae. The algal mat...

Bubel Fabiola, and Dobrzański Zbigniew, and Bykowski Piotr Jan, and Chojnacka Katarzyna, and Opaliński Sebastian, and Trziszka Tadeusz

Osamu Matsuda, and Shingo Ishikawa, and Kouichi Kawaguchi

Observation on the seasonal variation of temperature and salinity of seawater was carried out through an ice hole at a station near Syowa Station as part of the 25th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition. During the period from March 1984 to January 1985,temperature salinity stratification was observed only in summer in the upper layers of the seawater. In order to clarify the microstructure of the stratification, fine-scale observations on temperature and salinity profiles were conducted throu...

Mitsuo Fukuchi, and Yasuhiko Naito, and Takao Hoshiai

"Temporal variability of primary production and energy flow in Arctic sea ice area (PREFLA)" is a three-year program of 1988-1990,which is supported with a grant under the Monbusho International Scientific Research Program. The program aims to clarify the temporal variations of primary production and its downward flux as well as to evaluate the role of zooplankton in energy flow. The northern Bering Sea and the Chukchi Sea are selected to compare the ice-associated biological process in the Anta...

Yoshifumi Nogi, and Nobukazu Seama, and Nobuhiro Isezaki, and Minoru Funaki, and Katsutada Kaminuma

Three components and total intensity of the geomagnetic field were measured by STCM (Shipboard Three Components Magnetometer) and a proton magentometer at the same time at sea during the 30th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition. The measurements of total intensity of the geomagnetic field by a proton magnetometer showed a variation of noises in harmony with the variation of ship's velocity. This variation of noises may be caused by instability of the sensor due to large velocity of the ship. ...

Pedro Costa, and Breogán Gómez, and Anabela Venâncio, and Eva Pérez, and Vicente Pérez-Muñuzuri

Global models are generally capable of reproducing the observed trends in the globally averaged sea surface temperature (SST). However, the global models do not perform as well on regional scales. Here, we present an ocean forecast system based on the Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS), the boundary conditions come from the MERCATOR ocean system for the North Atlantic (1/6° horizontal resolution). The system covers the region of the northwestern Iberian Peninsula with a horizontal resolution...

M. Brath, and S. Fox, and P. Eriksson, and R. C. Harlow, and M. Burgdorf, and S. A. Buehler

A neural-network-based retrieval method to determine the snow ice water path (SIWP), liquid water path (LWP), and integrated water vapor (IWV) from millimeter and submillimeter brightness temperatures, measured by using airborne radiometers (ISMAR and MARSS), is presented. The neural networks were trained by using atmospheric profiles from the ICON numerical weather prediction (NWP) model and by radiative transfer simulations using the Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator (ARTS). The b...

Katarzyna Boniewicz-Szmyt, and Stanisław J. Pogorzelski

Correlations and data for the thermoelastic surface properties of seawater were determined by means of surface tension-temperature and surface pressure-area isotherm measurements performed in Baltic Sea coastal waters (Gulf of Gdańsk, Poland). Thermodynamic surface parameters examined include: surface free energy-γ, entropy, enthalpy, surface specific heat of air-seawater (AW), air-crude oil (AO) and crude oil-seawater (OW) interfaces, and the surface elasticity was quantified in terms of comple...

M. Siena, and M. Riva

We analyze the combined effects of aquifer heterogeneity and pumping operations on seawater intrusion (SWI), a phenomenon which is threatening coastal aquifers worldwide. Our investigation is set within a probabilistic framework and relies on a numerical Monte Carlo approach targeting transient variable-density flow and solute transport in a three-dimensional randomly heterogeneous porous domain. The geological setting is patterned after the Argentona river basin, in the Maresme region of ...

C. Evenhuis, and A. Lenton, and N. E. Cantin, and J. M. Lough

Coral reefs are diverse ecosystems that are threatened by rising CO₂ levels through increases in sea surface temperature and ocean acidification. Here we present a new unified model that links changes in temperature and carbonate chemistry to coral health. Changes in coral health and population are explicitly modelled by linking rates of growth, recovery and calcification to rates of bleaching and temperature-stress-induced mortality. The model is underpinned by four key principles: t...

Khalid Al-Muhanna, and Khaled Habib

The main purpose of this study was to monitor the growth of the marine bio-film, of micro/macro-organisms, on the surface of different metallic alloys in seawater by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The alloys used in this study were; UNS 1020 carbon steel, stainless steel 304, stainless steel 316L, Sanicro 28, Cu–Ni 70–30, Hastelloy G-30, and titanium. The EIS was used to measure the A.C. Impedance (Z) and the double layer capacitance (Cdl) of the formed bio-film in seawater on a f...

Yoshikazu Tanaka, and Sanae Kato, and Markus Stabrin, and Stefan Raunser, and Takashi Matsui, and Christos Gatsogiannis

The oxygen transporter of molluscs, hemocyanin, consists of long pearl-necklace-like subunits of several globular domains. The subunits assemble in a complex manner to form cylindrical decamers. Typically, the first six domains of each subunit assemble together to form the cylinder wall, while the C-terminal domains form a collar that fills or caps the cylinder. During evolution, various molluscs have been able to fine-tune their oxygen binding by deleting or adding C-terminal domains and adjust...