Mohaddeseh Maghsoudi, and Shahryar Saeidi Mehrvarz, and Alireza Naqinezhad, and Mokarram Ravanbakhsh

Boujagh National Park, with water ecosystems including Boujagh and Kiashahr wetlands, has an area of approximately 3477.3 hectares. In order to study factors affecting the vegetation in aquatic and wet habitats, 44 releves were implemented in the region. To test the chemical properties of the available water, samples were collected from 22 releves. The results of a two-way species indicator analysis of the modified TWINSPAN suggested that four groups of plants were present in the region. The fir...

Serjoscha W. Evers, and Paul M. Barrett, and Roger B. J. Benson

Knowledge of the early evolution of sea turtles (Chelonioidea) has been limited by conflicting phylogenetic hypotheses resulting from sparse taxon sampling and a superficial understanding of the morphology of key taxa. This limits our understanding of evolutionary adaptation to marine life in turtles, and in amniotes more broadly. One problematic group are the protostegids, Early–Late Cretaceous marine turtles that have been hypothesised to be either stem-cryptodires, stem-chelonioids, or crown-...

Ney Paes Loureiro Malvasio

The new Royal Portuguese Navy was born after the Lisbon earthquake, 1755. The Naval reform was intended in the XVII century, during the D. João IV reign. But, this reform didin`t broke out. Only the XVIII century could bring the Naval reform. In another places of the Portuguese Empire another situations broke up, as we bring in this article with the José Pires de Carvalho e Albuquerque attempt of became the Salvador Navy Yard commandant; even without conditions for this charge after the Marquês ...

Rim Taleb, and Issam Shaarani, and Najla Lakkis, and Rana El-Jarrah, and Mona Osman

Sh. Abdolmaleki1; H. Emadi2; M. Ahmadi2; T. Valinasab2

The spawning season, fecundity and Lm50% of the Caspian Sea prawn (Palaemon adspersus) were investigated in the coastal waters of Guilan province. A monthly sampling was conducted using a bottom trawl with mesh size 3 mm in cod end in areas 0-5 and 5-10 meters deep during the year 2002. Mean total length, carapace length and weight of ovigerous female of Palaemon adspersus were 51.95±3.1 mm, 13.95+1.9mm and 2.742±0.58g (X ± S.D). Minimum and maximum total length of ovigerous specimens were 37 ...

Iz H. Bâki, and Shum C. K., and Kuo C. Y.

This observational study reports that several globally distributed tide gauge stations exhibit a propensity of statistically significant sea level accelerations during the satellite altimetry era. However, the magnitudes of the estimated tide gauge accelerations during this period are systematically and noticeably smaller than the global mean sea level acceleration reported by recent analyses of satellite altimetry. The differences are likely to be caused by the interannual, decadal and interdec...

Vivien F. Taylor, and Zhigang Li, and Vicki Sayarath, and Thomas J. Palys, and Kevin R. Morse, and Rachel A. Scholz-Bright, and Margaret R. Karagas

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.

Emma L. Davies, and Shona Fielding, and Gillian Noble, and Emmanuel Okpo

Abstract Background A significant proportion of international students at UK universities are from regions with medium to high hepatitis B prevalence rates. Understanding the perception of students regarding hepatitis B infection is crucial for the development of appropriate information and services for this population group. Methods Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted with students from the University of Aberdeen. The following key areas were covered: knowledge, awareness, practice...

Jason Watterson, and Belinda Gabbe, and Paul Dietze, and Jennifer Thompson, and Michael Oborn, and Jeffrey V. Rosenfeld

Abstract Background Reducing alcohol related harms in Australian Defence Force (ADF) trainees has been identified as a priority, but there are few evidence-based prevention programs available for the military setting. The study aims to test whether the P.A.R.T.Y. program delivered in-hospital or on-base, can reduce harmful alcohol consumption among ADF trainees. Methods/design The study is a 3-arm randomized controlled trial, involving 953 Royal Australian Navy trainees from a single base. Train...

Giorgio Aquila, and Cinzia Fortini, and Antonio Pannuti, and Serena Delbue, and Micaela Pannella, and Marco Bruno Morelli, and Cristiana Caliceti, and Fausto Castriota, and Monica de Mattei, and Alessia Ongaro, and Agnese Pellati, and Pasquale Ferrante, and Lucio Miele, and Luigi Tavazzi, and Roberto Ferrari, and Paola Rizzo, and Alberto Cremonesi

Abstract Background The lack of early diagnosis, progression markers and effective pharmacological treatment has dramatic unfavourable effects on clinical outcomes in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Addressing these issues will require dissecting the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease. We sought to characterize the Notch signaling and atherosclerosis relevant markers in lesions from femoral arteries of symptomatic PAD patients. Methods Plaque material from the common fem...

Shoko Hirabayashi, and Yusuke Yokoyama, and Atsushi Suzuki, and Yosuke Miyairi, and Takahiro Aze, and Fernando Siringan, and Yasuo Maeda

Abstract The North Equatorial Current (NEC) bifurcates at the eastern coast of the Philippines and moves northward as the Kuroshio, a North Pacific western boundary current. The NEC bifurcation point and Kuroshio variability are known to be affected by changes in climate such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation and the pacific decadal oscillation. However, observational data are not sufficient to examine the mechanisms of decadal fluctuation. Here, we report seasonal radiocarbon data recorded fr...

Julie Whitney, and Stephen H.D. Jackson, and Finbarr C. Martin

Abstract Background Falls are common in people with dementia living in residential care. The ProF-Cog intervention was developed to address fall risk factors specific to this population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, acceptability, and feasibility of the intervention and provide an estimate of its efficacy. Methods This was a cluster randomised controlled pilot study undertaken in care homes in London, UK. All permanent residents living in participating homes who were not ter...

Leth, Jørgen O., and Larsen, Birger, and Anthony, Dennis

Turner Diana, and Kvanli Mary, and Bedimo Roger, and Kaur Rupinderjeet, and Shaw Leslie, and Margolis David

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Purpose</p> <p>We studied the safety, tolerability, virologic, and immunologic effects of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) added to a stable antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the setting of low-level viremia.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>MMF 500 mg BID or placebo was given to patients thought to be adherent on stable ART with plasma viremia between 200 and 4000 copies/mL. At week 4 unblinding was performed and patients on placebo were offered open-label MMF.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Six patien...

Ohbuchi Toyoaki, and Tabata Takahisa, and Nguyen Khac-Hung, and Ohkubo Jun-ichi, and Katoh Akiko, and Suzuki Hideaki

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>We report an extremely rare case of a migratory fish bone penetrating through the thyroid gland.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 56-year-old Japanese woman presented with a two-month history of a painless cutaneous fistula in her anterior neck with pus discharge. Endoscopic examinations showed no abnormality, but computed tomography revealed a bone-density needle-shaped foreign body sticking out anteroinferior from the esophagus wall, penetrating through ...

Power Deborah M, and Mylonas Constantinos C, and Deloffre Laurence AM, and Martins Rute ST, and Canário Adelino VM

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>DAX1 (NR0B1), a member of the nuclear receptors super family, has been shown to be involved in the genetic sex determination and in gonadal differentiation in several vertebrate species. In the aquaculture fish European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, and in the generality of fish species, the mechanisms of sex determination and differentiation have not been elucidated. The present study aimed at characterizing the European DAX1 gene and its developmental exp...

Takashi Yamanouchi, and Kazuya Suzuki, and Masatoshi Matsushita, and Masanobu Shimizu, and Yasuhiko Naito

Sea ice concentrations are determined from the visible and near infrared albedo of the AVHRR imagery. One method uses only one channel data to interpolate the ice concentration between 0 and 100% corresponding to the open water and the snow cover, respectively. This method yieds an uncertainty owing to the variation of albedo by the surface condition change. Another method uses two-channel data to derive not only the ice concentration but also the ice surface condition and can eliminate uncertai...

C. Hauri, and S. Danielson, and A. M. P. McDonnell, and R. R. Hopcroft, and P. Winsor, and P. Shipton, and C. Lalande, and K. M. Stafford, and J. K. Horne, and L. W. Cooper, and J. M. Grebmeier, and A. Mahoney, and K. Maisch, and M. McCammon, and H. Statscewich, and A. Sybrandy, and T. Weingartner

<p>Although Arctic marine ecosystems are changing rapidly, year-round monitoring is currently very limited and presents multiple challenges unique to this region. The Chukchi Ecosystem Observatory (CEO) described here uses new sensor technologies to meet needs for continuous, high-resolution, and year-round observations across all levels of the ecosystem in the biologically productive and seasonally ice-covered Chukchi Sea off the northwest coast of Alaska. This mooring array records a bro...

Zhang L, and Wang S, and Zhu Y, and Yang T

Li Zhang,1 Shanshan Wang,2 Yuyin Zhu,1 Tianchi Yang3 1Second Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ningbo No 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People&rsquo;s Republic of China; 2Department of Psychology, Ningbo No 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People&rsquo;s Republic of China; 3Department of Tuberculosis Control, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control &amp; Prevention, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People&rsquo;s Republic of China Objective: We aimed to evaluate whether high-dose cholecalciferol has benefici...

Kentaro Watanabe, and Hiroo Satoh, and Hiroshi Kanda, and Eiji Takahashi

The 24th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-24) took charge of the second year survey of the three-year programme for Antarctic marine biological investigations near Syowa Station. The second year programme was planned to lay stree on primary producers in water column and in sea ice. Investigations on seasonal variations of standing stock, species composition and primary productivity of phytoplankton and ice-associated microalgae were carried out from February 1983 to January 1984. In ...

Kouichi Kawaguchi, and Osamu Matsuda, and Shingo Ishikawa

The biological research group of the 25th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-25,1984/85) conducted the studies on (1) the dynamics of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles, and (2) the ecology of krill and fish under the coastal fast ice in Lutzow-Holm Bay, which represent an activity in the last year of the three-year BIOMASS programme planned in the Japanese Antarctic Station, Syowa. Based on both field and laboratory experiments, new knowledges were obtained on the decompos...

Mary K. Donovan, and Alan M. Friedlander, and Joey Lecky, and Jean-Baptiste Jouffray, and Gareth J. Williams, and Lisa M. Wedding, and Larry B. Crowder, and Ashley L. Erickson, and Nick A. J. Graham, and Jamison M. Gove, and Carrie V. Kappel, and Kendra Karr, and John N. Kittinger, and Albert V. Norström, and Magnus Nyström, and Kirsten L. L. Oleson, and Kostantinos A. Stamoulis, and Crow White, and Ivor D. Williams, and Kimberly A. Selkoe

Abstract Coral reefs worldwide face an uncertain future with many reefs reported to transition from being dominated by corals to macroalgae. However, given the complexity and diversity of the ecosystem, research on how regimes vary spatially and temporally is needed. Reef regimes are most often characterised by their benthic components; however, complex dynamics are associated with losses and gains in both fish and benthic assemblages. To capture this complexity, we synthesised 3,345 surveys fro...

Tom Biscéré, and Christine Ferrier-Pagès, and Antoine Gilbert, and Thomas Pichler, and Fanny Houlbrèque

Abstract Unprecedented mass coral bleaching events due to global warming and overall seawater pollution have been observed worldwide over the last decades. Although metals are often considered as toxic substances for corals, some are essential at nanomolar concentrations for physiological processes such as photosynthesis and antioxidant defenses. This study was designed to elucidate, the individual and combined effects of nanomolar seawater enrichment in manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe), on the main...

Marta Lobão Lopes, and Joana Patrício Rodrigues, and Daniel Crespo, and Marina Dolbeth, and Ricardo Calado, and Ana Isabel Lillebø

Abstract The main objective of this study was to evaluate the functional traits regarding bioturbation activity and its influence in the nutrient cycling of the native clam species Ruditapes decussatus and the invasive species Ruditapes philippinarum in Ria de Aveiro lagoon. Presently, these species live in sympatry and the impact of the invasive species was evaluated under controlled microcosmos setting, through combined/manipulated ratios of both species, including monospecific scenarios and a...

Lene Rydal Sveen, and Gerrit Timmerhaus, and Aleksei Krasnov, and Harald Takle, and Sigurd Olav Stefansson, and Sigurd Olav Handeland, and Elisabeth Ytteborg

Abstract In this study, we look closer at how high fish densities influence wound repair mechanisms in post-smolt Atlantic salmon. The fish were wounded with a 5 mm skin punch biopsy needle and stocked at two different densities, a high fish density (100 kg/m3) treatment and a low fish density treatment (20 kg/m3) serving as the control. The healing wounds were followed for 57 days with samples taken 1, 3, 7, 14, 36, 43 and 57 days post wounding. The transcriptomic analysis suggests that high fi...

Chemagin A. A.

The researchers have been carried out in the basin of the Lower Irtysh at the mouth of the River Konda, where there is one of the large wintering riverbed depression; the patterns of distribution of fish in different parts of the river during the period of intensive spring migrations – fish moving downstream and upstream in the "riverbed depression – river" system – have been studied; the direction and intensity of the movements of fish, its size range as in the midstream and in the coastal wate...

Nuno Miguel Barros de Sousa, and Luiz Guerreiro Lopes

RESUMO: Neste trabalho, são descritas e analisadas as diversas soluções implementadas nas obras de reparação e reabilitação do porto de abrigo da Ilha do Porto Santo, no Arquipélago da Madeira, Portugal. São focados os aspectos essenciais envolvidos nos trabalhos de reabilitação, como o enquadramento climático e geográfico, os estudos preliminares realizados, a caracterização das obras e a solução de reabilitação implementada, que contribuiu para a redução do seu impacto ambiental, assim como a ...

A. Thahira Banu, and S. Uma Mageswari

The study was carried out to study the nutritional status, develop a product incorporating seaweed and assess its impact on anemic adolescent girls. Five hundred adolescent girls in the age group of 15–18 years were selected from a women's college at Kilakarai, Tamil Nadu, India as the target group to find the prevalence of anemia. Among the 500 subjects 100 with a hemoglobin level of 7–9 g/dL (moderate anemia) were selected by purposive sampling technique for supplementation. Seaweed incorporat...

Yongjun Lu, and Haiyan Wang, and Baoshan Guan, and Ping Liu, and Limei Guo, and Jiaquan Wu, and Xinbin Yi

In this paper, marine shale cores taken from Zhaotong, Changning and Weiyuan Blocks in South China were used as samples to investigate the interaction between fracturing fluids and shale and the retention mechanisms. Firstly, adsorption, swelling, dissolution pore, dissolution fluid mineralization degree and ionic composition were experimentally studied to reveal the occurrence of water in shale and the reason for a high mineralization degree. Then, the mechanisms of water retention and minerali...

Vitale Fabrizio, and Genovese Giuseppa, and Bruno Federica, and Castelli Germano, and Piazza Maria, and Migliazzo Antonella, and Minicante Simona Armeli, and Manghisi Antonio, and Morabito Marina

Leishmaniasis is a disease with a worldwide distribution affecting both humans and animals. There is a need to identify and develop new drugs for the treatment of leishmaniasis. This study showed that crude ethanolic extracts of the red alga Asparagopsis taxiformis have a powerful effect against L. infantum, the prevalent species of the genus Leishmania in the Mediterranean basin. L. infantum demonstrated decreased vitality with increasing concentration of the algal extracts. At a concentration ...

Muralidhar M Kulkarni, and N Varun, and Priya Rathi, and K Eshwari, and K Ashok, and Veena G Kamath

Introduction: Children are the foundation of a strong and healthy nation. Morbidity among school-going children adversely affects their normal growth and development and hence is a major public health concern. School health program was started as an important component of total health care delivery system in the country with a purpose of addressing the health needs of children. Aim: To assess the morbidity pattern and nutritional status among school children. Materials and Methods: Study design:...

Monique A. Ladds, and David A. S. Rosen, and David J. Slip, and Robert G. Harcourt

Abstract Direct measures of energy expenditure are difficult to obtain in marine mammals, and accelerometry may be a useful proxy. Recently its utility has been questioned as some analyses derived their measure of activity level by calculating the sum of accelerometry-based values and then comparing this summation to summed (total) energy expenditure (the so-called “time trap”). To test this hypothesis, we measured oxygen consumption of captive fur seals and sea lions wearing accelerometers duri...

Thiago Freire Pinto Bezerra, and Francini Grecco de Melo Pádua, and Allex Itar Ogawa, and Eloisa Maria Mello Santiago Gebrim, and Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva, and Richard Louis Voegels

Apatogenia da rinossinusite crônica não está completamente estabelecida e existem algumas explicações para essa doença, como a osteíte, os superantígenos, a hipersensibilidade mediada por fungos e, mais recentemente, o biofilme. Não existem publicações na língua portuguesa sobre biofilmes na rinossinusite crônica. OBJETIVO: Reproduzir um método para evidenciar a presença de biofilmes em pacientes com rinossinusite crônica com polipose nasossinusal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Amostras de bula etmoidal de...

Aysun Fırat Kop, and Ali Yıldırım Korkut

M. Weideman, and R. Chambers

K. Hadadi moghadam; H. Paranavar; Z. Pazhand; F. Chobian

We collected sturgeon specimens from seven fishing stations operating 30 to 35 Km away from each other in Guilan province over the years 1999- 2000. Trawl nets six meters long were drawn using motorboats at each station, repeated three times for each season. Among the studied premature sturgeons, 121 Acipenser persicus specimens with an average age of less than two years and a length of 10 to 49.9±0.77 cm showed full stomachs (57.17 % fullness). Among the mature specimens with an average age of ...

Marke Hongisto

The impact of ship traffic emissions in the Baltic Sea on deposition and airborne concentrations of nitrogen and sulphur compounds in the period 2008--2011 was studied using the Hilatar chemistry transport model with a 0.068^° latitude-longitude resolution. An accurate ship emission inventory based on AIS (automatic identification system) security signals was used. The uncertainty of the European emission inventories are discussed, as is an inter-comparison of the Baltic Sea airborne l...

Sanja Klempić Bogadi, and Sonja Podgorelec

Polarisation processes, which began in Croatia in the 1950's, resulted in disparate socio-economic development, in an uneven spatial distribution of the population, and in a concentration of people, jobs and housing in urban settlements. Coastal cities, as hubs and agents of socio-economic development, in their regions became focal points for the concentration of the population, while islands and hinterland areas suffered depopulation and demographic ageing. Intense in-migration had a positive i...

Randall Arauz, and Elpis J. Chávez, and E. Mauricio Hoyos-Padilla, and Andrea D. Marshall

Abstract An opportunistic sighting of a reef manta ray (Mobula alfredi) along the northeastern corner of Cocos Island, Costa Rica, represents the first sighting of this species nearly 6000 km from the nearest confirmed sighting location in the Marquesas Islands and the first record of this species on either side of the American continent. Cocos Island is situated approximately 500 km away from mainland Costa Rica as well as any other suitable habitat for this species, suggesting the sighted indi...

Hoa Tien Le Nguyen, and Hong Phuoc Vo Luong

Summary: Studying hydrodynamic processes is necessary for understanding the sediment erosion–deposition mechanism in mangrove areas. The hydrodynamic effects within the mangrove area of the Dong Tranh Estuary in the Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam are very complicated and are caused by the mixed impacts of waves, tides, currents and suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs). In this study, the measurements of hydrodynamics such as waves, currents and SSCs we...

Charline Gentric, and Pierre Sauleau

Summary: Discovered in the 1990s in the river of Etel (Morbihan, France), the marine invasive sponge Celtodoryx ciocalyptoides originating from the Chinese Yellow Sea is now well implanted on concrete pilings inside the Etel marina (Morbihan, France). Novel eco-friendly strategies are urgently needed in order to limit its adhesion on concrete and the risk of dispersal outside the marina. In this study, the anti-settlement and anti-attachment properties of flax/PLA, a biocomposite made of polylac...

Jiajia Ning, and Feiyan Du, and Xuehui Wang, and Lianggen Wang, and Yafang Li

Summary: Trophic interactions are common worldwide, both within and between ecosystems. This study elucidated the trophic connectivity between intertidal and offshore zone, in Mirs Bay, China. The contributions of offshore suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM), intertidal macroalgae and epiphytes to consumer biomass were assessed, and the trophic pathways were identified through the use of stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) of basal sources and consumers. Mean δ13C ...

Baghdad Science Journal

The toxicity effect of some heavy metals (Lead, Cadmium, Copper, and Zinc) on the growth of alga Scenedesmus dimorphus which belongs to the Division of Chlorophyta was studied and depended on the total cell number . The growth rate and doubling time were also calculated accordingly in present of absent of the the heavy metals . There were differences in toxic effects of the metals (p

Dougekou Georgia, and Papanastasopoulou Chrysanthi, and Polizou Paraskevi, and Bonovas Stefanos, and Vavetsi Rozina, and Sitaras Nikolaos M

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Pleural effusions are classified into transudates and exudates. Various criteria have been used with Light's et al being the most accepted ones. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have been detected during pleural fluids (PF) analysis in various causes. In this pilot study, we investigated: (a) the usefulness of GAGs in the assessment of pleural effusions, and (b) whether and in what way GAGs correlate with established criteria used to indicate an exudate.</p> <p>Meth...

Freigburghaus Franziska, and Zesiger Véronique, and Klohn Axel, and Chastonay Philippe, and Mpinga Emmanuel

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The importance of human rights education has widely been recognized as one of the strategies for their protection and promotion of health. Yet training programs have not always taken into account neither local needs, nor public health relevance, nor pedagogical efficacy.</p> <p>The objectives of our study were to assess, in a participative way, educational needs in the field of health and human rights among potential trainees in six French-speaking African co...

Ørpetveit Irene, and Küntziger Thomas, and Sindre Hilde, and Rimstad Espen, and Dannevig Birgit H

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aquatic birnavirus infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) causes infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN), a severe disease in farmed salmonid fish. IPNV has a very broad host range and infects many different species of fish as well as molluscs and crustaceans. Investigation of the host reservoir of a virus may reveal important molecular mechanisms governing the infection processes such as receptors and entry mechanisms. In the present work we have studi...

Afanasyev Sergey, and Skugor Stanko, and Krasnov Aleksei, and Tadiso Tariku, and Hordvik Ivar, and Nilsen Frank

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The salmon louse (<it>Lepeophtheirus salmonis </it>Krøyer), an ectoparasitic copepod with a complex life cycle causes significant losses in salmon aquaculture. Pesticide treatments against the parasite raise environmental concerns and their efficacy is gradually decreasing. Improvement of fish resistance to lice, through biological control methods, needs better understanding of the protective mechanisms. We used a 21 k oligonucleotide microarray and RT-qPCR t...

Jiang Liang, and Liu Qiong, and Ni Jiazuan

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Computational methods for identifying selenoproteins have been developed rapidly in recent years. However, it is still difficult to identify the open reading frame (ORF) of eukaryotic selenoprotein gene, because the TGA codon for a selenocysteine (Sec) residue in the active centre of selenoprotein is traditionally a terminal signal of protein translation. Although the identification of selenoproteins from genomes through bioinformatics methods has been conduc...

Lützner J, and Groß AF, and Günther KP, and Kirschner S

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Objective</p> <p>High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is one treatment option for young and active patients with unicompartmental osteoarthritis. The success of this procedure substantially depends on the degree of correction of the mechanical axis. Computer-assisted navigation systems are believed to improve the precision of axis correction through intraoperative real-time monitoring. This study investigates the accuracy of limb alignment measurements with a navigation system on a cad...

Malhotra Vivek T, and Rusch Valerie W, and Vickers Andrew J, and Downey Robert J, and Cassileth Barrie R

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Thoracotomy is associated with severe pain that may persist for years. Acupuncture is a complementary therapy with a proven role in pain control. A randomized trial showed that acupuncture was effective in controlling pain after abdominal surgery, but the efficacy of this technique for the treatment of thoracotomy pain has not been established. We developed a novel technique for convenient application of acupuncture to patients undergoing thoracotomy, and in ...