E A.R Edirisinghe, and D R.A Dissanayake, and C L Abayasekera, and A Arulkanthan

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been reported to cause opportunistic infections with increasing frequency, especially in immunocompromised patients. Water plays a major role in the epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in humans, as it is one of the natural sources for transmission of this group of organisms. The current study focused on determining the occurrence of NTM in different aquatic sources of Sri Lanka by using phenotypic tests and polymerase chain reaction–rest...

M. Butenschön, and J. Clark, and J. N. Aldridge, and J. I. Allen, and Y. Artioli, and J. Blackford, and J. Bruggeman, and P. Cazenave, and S. Ciavatta, and S. Kay, and G. Lessin, and S. van Leeuwen, and J. van der Molen, and L. de Mora, and L. Polimene, and S. Sailley, and N. Stephens, and R. Torres

The European Regional Seas Ecosystem Model (ERSEM) is one of the most established ecosystem models for the lower trophic levels of the marine food web in the scientific literature. Since its original development in the early nineties it has evolved significantly from a coastal ecosystem model for the North Sea to a generic tool for ecosystem simulations from shelf seas to the global ocean. The current model release contains all essential elements for the pelagic and benthic parts of the marine e...

Deep Kamal, and Shankar Shivakumar, and Mahendra Ashish

Introduction: Computer assisted surgery was pioneered in early 1990s. The first computer assisted surgery (CAS) total knee replacement with an imageless system was carried out in 1997. In the past 25 years, CAS has progressed from experimental in vitro studies to established in vivo surgical procedures. Methods: A comprehensive body of evidence establishing the advantages of computer assisted surgery in knee and hip arthroplasty is available. Established benefits have been demonstrated...

Stéfano Zorzal de Almeida, and Valéria de Oliveira Fernandes

AIM: This study assessed the phycoperiphyton biomass in two regions submitted to different human impacts on Juara Lake, a coastal ecosystem with multiple uses, to order to test the hypothesis that the sampling sites that receive domestic sewage shows higher biomass values. METHODS: It was installed three experimental structures with artificial substrate (glass slides) in December 2009 in two sampling sites: ED - near the domestic sewage's release; TR - in the area of intensive fish farming (net ...

Miroslava Herbstová, and David Bína, and Radek Kaňa, and František Vácha, and Radek Litvín

Abstract Diatoms greatly contribute to carbon fixation and thus strongly influence the global biogeochemical balance. Capable of chromatic acclimation (CA) to unfavourable light conditions, diatoms often dominate benthic ecosystems in addition to their planktonic lifestyle. Although CA has been studied at the molecular level, our understanding of this phenomenon remains incomplete. Here we provide new data to better explain the acclimation-associated changes under red-enhanced ambient light (RL)...

David Inwald, and Ruth R Canter, and Kerry Woolfall, and Caitlin B O’Hara, and Paul R Mouncey, and Zohra Zenasni, and Nicholas Hudson, and Steven Saunders, and Anjali Carter, and Nicola Jones, and Mark D Lyttle, and Simon Nadel, and Mark J Peters, and David A Harrison, and Kathryn M Rowan

Background: There has been no randomised controlled trial (RCT) of fluid bolus therapy in paediatric sepsis in the developed world despite evidence that excess fluid may be associated with harm. Objectives: To determine the feasibility of the Fluids in Shock (FiSh) trial – a RCT comparing restricted fluid bolus (10 ml/kg) with current practice (20 ml/kg) in children with septic shock in the UK. Design: (1) Qualitative feasibility study exploring parents’ views about the pilot RCT. (2) Pilot RCT ...

Ahmadi

Shrimp trawl net is the prominent fishing gear that beneficially supports shrimp industries in Kotabaru, Indonesia. However, concurrently local fishermen have no idea how trawl works under towing condition. For this reason, a flume test of a 1/8 scale model net with varying wing-end widths was undertaken. The flow speeds of model were 48, 56, 64, 72, and 80 cm s–1. Meanwhile wing tips distance was set at 46–66% of head-rope length. At a towing speed of 64 cm s–1 (2-knot in full scale), the net h...

Goldring James JP, and Quint Jennifer K, and Donaldson Gavin C, and Hurst John R, and Patel Anant RC, and Wedzicha Jadwiga A

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The ability to objectively differentiate exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from day-to-day symptom variations would be an important development in clinical practice and research. We assessed the ability of domiciliary pulse oximetry to achieve this.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>40 patients with moderate-severe COPD collected daily data on changes in symptoms, heart-rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SpO₂) and peak-expiratory flow (P...

Franks Diana G, and Jenny Matthew J, and Karchner Sibel I, and Oleksiak Marjorie F, and Mark Welch David B, and Hahn Mark E

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Populations of Atlantic killifish (<it>Fundulus heteroclitus</it>) have evolved resistance to the embryotoxic effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other halogenated and nonhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons that act through an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-dependent signaling pathway. The resistance is accompanied by reduced sensitivity to induction of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A), a widely used biomarker of aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and effect,...

Caselli Chiara, and Lionetti Vincenzo, and Cabiati Manuela, and Prescimone Tommaso, and Aquaro Giovanni D, and Ottaviano Virginia, and Bernini Fabio, and Mattii Letizia, and Del Ry Silvia, and Giannessi Daniela

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The role of systemic and myocardial adiponectin (ADN) in dilated cardiomyopathy is still debated. We tested the regulation of both systemic and myocardial ADN and the relationship with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity in a swine model of non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy.</p> <p>Methods and results</p> <p>Cardiac tissue was collected from seven instrumented adult male minipigs by pacing the left ventricular (LV) free wall (180 beats/min, 3 weeks...

Petersen Steffen E, and Wunderlich Nina, and Mohrs Oliver K, and Pottmeyer Anselm, and Kauczor Hans-Ulrich

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To evaluate the feasibility and value of first-pass contrast-enhanced dynamic and post-contrast 3D CMR in patients after transcatheter occlusion of left atrial appendage (LAA) to identify incorrect placement and persistent leaks.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>7 patients with different occluder systems (n = 4 PLAATO; n = 2 Watchman; n = 1 ACP) underwent 2 contrast-enhanced (Gd-DOTA) CMR sequences (2D TrueFISP first-pass perfusion and 3D-TurboFLASH) to assess localizat...

I. BERGAMIN, and E. ROMANO, and M. GABELLINI, and A. AUSILI, and M.G. CARBONI

The Bagnoli Bay (southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Naples, Italy) has been impacted for about one century by heavy anthropogenic pollution due to an important steel plant. A multidisciplinary environmental research, aimed at the reclamation of the marine contaminated area, was planned in order to evaluate, through quantitative data, the chemical-physical and ecological characteristics of marine sediments; the latter ones are strictly related to the composition and structure of benthic foraminiferal assem...

J. Zeng, and T. Matsunaga, and N. Saigusa, and T. Shirai, and S.-I. Nakaoka, and Z.-H. Tan

Reconstructing surface ocean CO₂ from scarce measurements plays an important role in estimating oceanic CO₂ uptake. There are varying degrees of differences among the 14 models included in the Surface Ocean CO₂ Mapping (SOCOM) inter-comparison initiative, in which five models used neural networks. This investigation evaluates two neural networks used in SOCOM, self-organizing maps and feedforward neural networks, and introduces a machine learning model called a s...

Anlai Ma

The C1–C5 gas and carbon isotope ratios generated during the cracking of heavy, normal and high-waxy marine oils from Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin, NW China, using a closed-gold tube system under high pressure were presented. The three types of oil tested resulted in a similar gas-generation process. The C2–C5 range initially increased its yield with the application of pyrolysis temperature and thereafter decreased, while the C1 yield increased with the same application. High-waxy oil had the high...

Shigeo Fukunishi, and Tomokazu Fukui, and Shoji Nishio, and Yuki Fujihara, and Shohei Okahisa, and Shinichi Yoshiya

In total hip arthroplasty (THA), combined anteversion (CA), the sum of cup anteversion (AV) and stem antetorsion (AT) are used as parameters to assess the appropriateness of overall prosthetic alignment. In this study, we evaluated the CA value based on the post-operative computed tomography (CT) measurements in our patient population who underwent THA using the OrthoPilotTM image-free navigation system (B/BRAUN-Aesculap, Tuttlingen, Germany). During surgery, cup alignment was adjusted with the ...

Haitham Afif, and Sebastian Mukka, and Göran Sjödén, and Arkan S. Sayed-Noor

Bisphosphonates (BPs) are commonly used drugs in clinical practice. In this pilot study, we investigated whether bisphosphonate-related atypical femoral fractures (AFF) and osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) occurred simultaneously in the same group of patients. Six ONJ patients were examined by an orthopedic surgeon and 5 AFF patients were examined by a dentist to look for manifestations of simultaneous occurrence of AFF in ONJ patients and <em>vice versa</em>. The required radiological investigati...

Antigona Carmen Trofor, and Sophia Papadakis, and Constantine I. Vardavas, and Lucia Maria Lotrean, and Christina-Maria Gavrilescu, and Vaso Evangelopoulou, and Theodosia Peleki, and Letitia Trofor, and Panagiotis Κ. Behrakis

Introduction The 2017 Tobacco Cessation Guidelines for High-risk Groups (TOB-G) is a comprehensive document on best practices for smoking cessation in clinical practice. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess physician satisfaction and changes in tobacco-related knowledge, selfefficacy and attitudes following exposure to training in the TOB-G guidelines for patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or diabetes. Methods A pre-post pilot stud...

David D Rincón, and Humberto A Velásquez, and Martín J Dávila, and Abraham M Semprun, and Ever D Morales, and Jim L Hernández

Los altos precios de los ingredientes proteicos, así como su demanda, han ocasionado la necesidad cada vez mayor de cubrir los requerimientos nutricionales de los animales con recursos nacionales que proporcionen una fuente de proteína a bajo costo. Objetivo: el objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar tres niveles de sustitución (10, 20 y 30%) de harina de pescado por harina de Spirulina maxima como fuente de proteína en dietas experimentales para alevines de tilapia roja (Oreochromis ...

Thimm Christoph Furian, and Walter Rapp, and Stefanie Eckert, and Michael Wild, and Marcel Betsch

Children’s posture has been of growing concern due to observations that it seems to be impaired compared to previous generations. So far there is no reference data for spinal posture and pelvic position in healthy children available. Purpose of this pilot study was to determine rasterstereographic posture values in children during their second growth phase. Three hundred and forty-five pupils were measured with a rasterstereographic device in a neutral standing position with hanging arms. To fur...

Courtney W. Stairs, and Anna Kokla, and Ásgeir Ástvaldsson, and Jon Jerlström-Hultqvist, and Staffan Svärd, and Thijs J. G. Ettema

Abstract Background Spironucleus salmonicida is an anaerobic parasite that can cause systemic infections in Atlantic salmon. Unlike other diplomonad parasites, such as the human pathogen Giardia intestinalis, Spironucleus species can infiltrate the blood stream of their hosts eventually colonizing organs, skin and gills. How this presumed anaerobe can persist and invade oxygenated tissues, despite having a strictly anaerobic metabolism, remains elusive. Results To investigate how S. salmonicida ...

H. A. Abe, and J. A. R. Dias, and R. G. A. Reis, and M. V. S. Couto, and J. O. Meneses, and R. Y. Fujimoto

Phytotherapy has been used in fish farming to promote stability in the rearing environment and for the prophylaxis of diseases, improving animal well-being. Among phytotherapeutic agents, cinnamon (Cinnamon zeylanicum) exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal and antiparasitic activity, in addition to immunostimulatory effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an aqueous cinnamon extract on the productive performance of larvae of the ornamental Amazon fish Pyr...

Thaisa Francielle Souza Domingos, and Fredy A. Ortiz-Ramírez, and Roberto C. Villaça, and Diana N. Cavalcanti, and Eladio F. Sanchez, and Valéria L. Teixeira, and André Lopes Fuly

The ability of crude extracts of the brown seaweed Spatoglossum schröederi to counteract some of the biological activities of Lachesis muta snake venom was evaluated. In vitro assays showed that only the extract of S. schröederi prepared in ethyl acetate was able to inhibit the clotting of fibrinogen induced by L. muta venom. On the other hand, all extracts were able to inhibit partially the hemolysis caused by venom and those prepared in dichloromethane or ethyl acetate fully neutralized the pr...

Massimo Clemente

<p class="CorpoA">The extraordinary shape of cities by the sea is the result of the synthesis between urban culture and maritime culture – a synthesis that is full of charm and semantic values. The harmonious union of maritime culture and urban culture offers a different point of view – the one that Konvitz defined as “Urban maritime culture” (Konvitz, 1978) – for appreciating the coastal human settlements.</p><p class="CorpoA">Cities by the sea have been a really central theme in architectural ...

Valéria Cassano, and Mariana C. Oliveira, and Ma. Candelaria Gil-Rodríguez, and Abel Sentíes, and Jhoana Díaz-Larrea, and Mutue T. Fujii

Morphological and molecular studies were carried out on Laurencia oliveirana from the type locality (Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). This species is easily recognized by its small size, sub-erect habit forming intricate cushion-like tufts and unilateral pectinate branching. The species displays all the typical characters of the genus Laurencia, such as the production of the first pericentral cell underneath the basal cell of the trichoblast, tetrasporangia produced from particular peri...

Francesca Moraci, and Celestina Fazia

<p>The effects determined in the landscape by plants powered by renewable sources represent some unresolved issues in terms of visual and landscape impact mitigation in general. These aspects relate to the landscape are recognized in all types of impact with due attention to the various components and dynamics involved identifiable in the landscape of reference.</p><p>The wind power plants, in particular, while making unquestionable environmental benefits thanks to the production of energy from ...

W. S. Marshall, and R. R. F. Cozzi, and M. Spieker

Ionocytes of euryhaline teleost fish secrete NaCl, under regulation by serine and threonine kinases, including with-no-lysine kinase (WNK1) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus L.) were acclimated to freshwater (FW), full strength seawater (SW) and hypersaline conditions (2SW). Immunocytochemistry of ionocytes in opercular epithelia of fish acclimated to SW and 2SW revealed that WNK1-anti-pT58 phosphoantibody localized strongly to accessory cells and...

Ryan P. Duncan, and Linda R. Van Dillen, and Jane M. Garbutt, and Gammon M. Earhart, and Joel S. Perlmutter

Abstract Background Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) reduces tremor, muscle stiffness, and bradykinesia in people with Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Walking speed, known to be reduced in PD, typically improves after surgery; however, other important aspects of gait may not improve. Furthermore, balance may worsen and falls may increase after STN-DBS. Thus, interventions to improve balance and gait could reduce morbidity and improve quality of life following STN-DBS. Physical ther...

Alberto Anculle Arenas, and Viviana Castro Cepero, and Alberto Julca Otiniano

<p>La investigación se realizó, en el distrito de La Joya (Arequipa, Perú), con el objetivo de caracterizar las fincas productoras de tuna para la producción de cochinilla del carmín. Se trabajó en las irrigaciones La Joya Antigua, El Triunfo, La Cano y San Isidro, tomando una muestra (n=252) de una población total de 819 agricultores. Se aplicó un cuestionario de preguntas sobre los aspectos técnicos, sociales y económicos. Se halló que las fincas son complejas y diversas. La producción de coch...

Ana S. Viana, and Romana Santos

Background: Unlike the thin homogeneous films that are typical for adhesives produced by humans, biological adhesives present complex hierarchical micro- and nanostructures. Most studies on marine adhesives have focused on permanent adhesives, whereas the nanostructures of nonpermanent, temporary or reversible adhesives have only been examined in some organisms such as marine flatworms, barnacle cyprids, freshwater cnidaria and echinoderms such as sea cucumbers and sea stars. In this study, the ...

Daniel I. Hădărugă, and Mustafa Ünlüsayin, and Alexandra T. Gruia, and Cristina Birău (Mitroi), and Gerlinde Rusu, and Nicoleta G. Hădărugă

The thermal and oxidative stability of Atlantic salmon oil (Salmo salar L.) as well as its β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) complexation ability has been verified for the first time. The main omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, were significantly degraded, even at 50 °C. Their relative concentrations decrease from 6.1% for EPA and 4.1% for DHA to 1.7% and 1.5% after degradation at 150 °C, respectively. On the other hand, the relative concentrations of monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids remained consta...

Emily Bechke, and Brian Kliszczewicz, and Yuri Feito, and Hannah Kelemen, and Brett Nickerson

High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) is an increasingly popular mixed modal high-intensity training style with little empirical evidence regarding adaptations. The objective of this study was to examine alterations in resting cardiac autonomic activity through the measurement of heart rate variability (HRV) and body composition in women following 16-weeks of HIFT. Nine apparently healthy females (35.8 ± 9.3 years old) participated in this study. Resting heart rate (RHR), HRV, and body compo...

M. M. Molisani, and R. Rocha, and W. Machado, and R. C. Barreto, and L. D. Lacerda

This paper reports on a study to determine the Hg content in the five most abundant aquatic macrophyte species (Elodea densa, Sagittaria montevidensis, Salvinia auriculata, Pistia stratiotes and Eichhornia crassipes) in two artificial reservoirs flooded by water diverted from the Paraíba do Sul river, SE Brazil. The potential of these species for Hg accumulation and their role in Hg transport along the river system due to macrophyte management were evaluated. Mercury concentrations were higher i...

Ana M Calvo-Maroto, and Rafael J Pérez-Cambrodí, and José J Esteve-Taboada, and Santiago García-Lázaro, and Aleja ndro Cerviño

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare central corneal backscatter obtained from Scheimpflug images between patients with insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM and NIDDM, respectively) and healthy controls. Methods: Seven patients with IDDM (7 eyes), eleven patients with NIDDM (11 eyes), and sixteen healthy subjects (16 eyes) were included in this pilot study. Scheimpflug imaging system (Pentacam, Oculus Inc., Germany) was used to obtain optical sections of the cornea. Seve...

Rafiq R, and Prins HJ, and Boersma WG, and Daniels JMA, and den Heijer M, and Lips P, and de Jongh RT

Rachida Rafiq,1 Hendrik J Prins,2 Wim G Boersma,2 Johannes MA Daniels,3 Martin den Heijer,1 Paul Lips,1 Renate T de Jongh1 1Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 2Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Northwest Hospital group, Alkmaar, 3Department of Pulmonary Diseases, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Background: Although vitamin D is well known for its function in calcium homeostasis and bone mineralization, several st...

Luciano de Oliveira Garcia, and Carlos Eduardo Copatti, and Flávio Wachholz, and Waterloo Pereira Filho, and Bernardo Baldisserotto

In this study we verified data of water temperatures collected by CORSAN-RS from 1996 to 2004 in several cities of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, and analyzed the possibility of raising the most cultivated fish species in Brazil. The water temperature from 1996 to 2004 was 16 to 28ºC in summer, 17 to 23ºC in fall, 14 to 17ºC (down to 9ºC in the coldest months) in winter and 14 to 21ºC in spring. Native species of this state, such as silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen), traíra (Hopl...

Chen Yingjian, and Fu Qiaoping, and Ma Fangkai

The Yangtze River, which has the largest freight volume in the world, is a golden waterway of most importance in China. But there are still some sections with poor navigation standards that impede the potential of the channel from being fully exploited. This paper aims to investigate the possibility of navigation capacity improvement through the joint dispatching optimization of the controlled reservoir group in the upper Yangtze River. The construction and operation situations of the controlled...

M. Si, and V. E. Irish, and R. H. Mason, and J. Vergara-Temprado, and J. Vergara-Temprado, and S. J. Hanna, and L. A. Ladino, and L. A. Ladino, and J. D. Yakobi-Hancock, and C. L. Schiller, and J. J. B. Wentzell, and J. P. D. Abbatt, and K. S. Carslaw, and B. J. Murray, and A. K. Bertram

<p>Despite the importance of ice-nucleating particles (INPs) for climate and precipitation, our understanding of these particles is far from complete. Here, we investigated INPs at three coastal marine sites in Canada, two at mid-latitude (Amphitrite Point and Labrador Sea) and one in the Arctic (Lancaster Sound). For Amphitrite Point, 23 sets of samples were analyzed, and for Labrador Sea and Lancaster Sound, one set of samples was analyzed for each location. At all three sites, the ice-n...

Richardson Mafigiri, and Joseph K. B. Matovu, and Fredrick Edward Makumbi, and Anthony Ndyanabo, and Doreen Nabukalu, and Moses Sakor, and Godfrey Kigozi, and Fred Nalugoda, and Rhoda K. Wanyenze

Abstract Background Although fishing communities have a significantly higher HIV prevalence than the general population, there is paucity of data on the burden of HIV and service utilization, particularly among the youth. We assessed the HIV prevalence and utilization of HIV prevention and treatment services among youth in Kasensero fishing community and the neighboring communities. Method Data were derived from the Rakai Community Cohort Study (RCCS) surveys conducted between 2013 and 2014. The...

T. Muralisankar, and P. Saravana Bhavan, and S. Radhakrishnan, and C. Seenivasan, and N. Manickam, and R. Shanthi

The present investigation was conducted to assess the suitability of three vegetable oils (sunflower oil, coconut oil and castor oil) as an alternative dietary lipid source for cod liver oil to culture Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larvae (PLs). The experimental feeds contained 40% protein with separately incorporated three vegetable oils and cod liver oil. The feeding trial was conducted on M. rosenbergii PL for 60 days. In the final day of the experimental period, the survival rate, weight ga...

Daniel eWangpraseurt, and Anthony WD Larkum, and Peter J Ralph, and Michael eKühl, and Michael eKühl, and Michael eKühl

Light quantity and quality are among the most important factors determining the physiology and stress response of zooxanthellate corals. Yet, almost nothing is known about the light field that Symbiodinium experiences within their coral host, and the basic optical properties of coral tissue are unknown. We used scalar irradiance microprobes to characterise vertical and lateral light gradients within and across tissues of several coral species. Our results revealed the presence of steep light gra...

C.-P. Tsai, and Y.-C. Chen, and T. O. Sihombing, and C. Lin

A coupled wave–vegetation simulation is presented for the moving effect of the coastal vegetation on tsunami wave height damping. The problem is idealized by solitary wave propagation on a group of emergent cylinders. The numerical model is based on general Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with renormalization group turbulent closure model by using volume of fluid technique. The general moving object (GMO) model developed in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code Flow-3D is applied to ...

Camille Gilliers, and Olivier Le Pape, and Yves Desaunay, and Jean-Pierre Bergeron, and Nathalie Schreiber, and Daniel Guerault, and Rachid Amara

Indicators of growth and condition were used to compare the habitat quality of nurseries of juvenile sole (Solea solea L.) in the Bay of Biscay, based on one survey in 2000. The four biological indicators are poorly correlated with each other, suggesting that no single measure may give an adequate description of fish health and of its habitat’s quality. Growth indicators showed significant differences between northern and southern areas. Juveniles from the two southernmost nurseries, the Gironde...

L. Luo, and L. Luo, and S.-J. Kao, and H. Bao, and H. Xiao, and H. Xiao, and H. Xiao, and H. Xiao, and X. Yao, and H. Gao, and J. Li, and Y. Lu

Atmospheric deposition of long-range transport of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen (N_r, mainly comprised of NH_<i>x</i>, NO_<i>y</i> and water-soluble organic nitrogen, WSON) from continents may have profound impact on marine biogeochemistry. In addition, surface ocean dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) may also contribute to aerosol WSON in the overlying atmosphere. Despite the importance of off-continent dispersion and N_r interactions at the atmosph...

Andreas H. Laustsen, and Mikael Engmark, and Christopher Clouser, and Sonia Timberlake, and Francois Vigneault, and José María Gutiérrez, and Bruno Lomonte

Snakebite envenomings represent a neglected public health issue in many parts of the rural tropical world. Animal-derived antivenoms have existed for more than a hundred years and are effective in neutralizing snake venom toxins when timely administered. However, the low immunogenicity of many small but potent snake venom toxins represents a challenge for obtaining a balanced immune response against the medically relevant components of the venom. Here, we employ high-throughput sequencing of the...

Shahin Tohidi, and Hossein KarimiMoonaghi, and Arezoo Shayan, and Hassan Ahmadinia

Background: Self-learning module (SLM) is designed for independent learning. In this study, the hypothesis that SLM is effective to some extent in improving clinical competence in nursing students was tested. Materials and Methods: The study employed a randomized controlled design. In this study, 46 nursing students were randomized into the control or intervention group. Study tools included a demographic information form and nursing skills checklist. Unlike the control group, the intervention g...

Anna M. Helfensdorfer, and Hannah E. Power, and Thomas C. T. Hubble

Abstract Hydrodynamic modelling of Australia’s lower Murray River demonstrates the response of a large coastal plain estuary to the mid-Holocene (7,000–6,000 yr BP) sea-level highstand. The approximately two metre higher-than-present sea level during the highstand forced the estuarine limit upstream generating an extensive central basin environment extending more than 200 kilometres from the river mouth (143 kilometres upstream of the modern tidal limit). The geomorphic history of the region doe...

Kar-Hai Chu, and César G. Escobar-Viera, and Sara J. Matheny, and Esa M. Davis, and Brian A. Primack

Abstract Background Adolescence and young adulthood are critical times of initiation and progression to daily use of tobacco. However, it is difficult to recruit young adults to traditional smoking cessation and retention rates are typically low. Smartphone cessation applications (apps) can provide real-time responses to smoking urges and related cues, which are known to be important factors in lapse and relapse. Given the popularity of smartphones among young adults and the considerably higher ...

Guilherme Campos Tavares, and Renan Marcos Araújo de Aquino, and Mariana Malacco Palhares, and Raquel Ribeiro Dias Santos, and Lara Macêdo Bonfim, and Lilian Viana Teixeira

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of consumption of fish flesh and derivatives in Belo Horizonte's city, to determine the major sites of acquisition and consumption of the product. The hundred ninety six people were interviewed through a quiz containing eleven questions. Data were tabulated in editing software spreadsheet and graphics generated. Fish is the least meat consumed less in Belo Horizonte's city. The frequency of consumption was two or more times a month (25,3%). Ho...

Garibin Pavel, and Ol’khovik Evgeniy, and Rastorguev Igor

The task of technical and economic regulation within mutual international recognition of testing laboratories are considered. Codes and procedures within requirements of international ISO/IEC standards of a series 17000 for elimination of non-tariff barriers and interlaboratory exchange of experts in the field of high-rise marine construction are considered. In paper, the methods of assessment of formation of economically justified cost of works at inspection and monitoring of technical conditio...

Jared S. Deyarmin, and Molly C. McCormley, and Cory D. Champagne, and Alicia P. Stephan, and Laura Pujade Busqueta, and Daniel E. Crocker, and Dorian S. Houser, and Jane I. Khudyakov

Abstract Chronic physiological stress impacts animal fitness by catabolizing metabolic stores and suppressing reproduction. This can be especially deleterious for capital breeding carnivores such as marine mammals, with potential for ecosystem-wide effects. However, the impacts and indicators of chronic stress in animals are currently poorly understood. To identify downstream mediators of repeated stress responses in marine mammals, we administered adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) once daily f...