J. R. Snider, and M. D. Petters

A technique is developed for the determination of the hygroscopic growth factor of dry particles with diameter between 0.3 and 0.6 μm and is applied to measurements made during the second Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus experiment (DYCOMS-II). Two optical particle counters are utilized, one measures the aerosol size spectrum at ambient relative humidity and the other simultaneously dries the aerosol prior to light scattering detection. Growth factors are based on measurements made...

Nara Tadini Junqueira, and Cecília Gontijo Leal, and Carlos Bernardo Mascarenhas Alves, and Paulo Santos Pompeu

The rio das Velhas, located in central Minas Gerais State (Brazil), is a major tributary of the rio São Francisco. Despite several anthropogenic pressures, this basin supports more than 115 fish species. The aim of this study was to compare the morphological space occupied by fish assemblages in four regions (headwaters, upper, middle, and lower course) along the channel of the rio das Velhas. We try to answer the following question: Is there a change in the morphological organization of the fis...

R Kumar

Juan Carlos Ramírez Rodríguez, and María Concepción Patiño Guerra

La violencia doméstica contra la mujer es un problema médico social que continúa soslayado por las instituciones, no sólo de salud, sino en general por la sociedad mexicana. Existen incipientes investigaciones que muestran la magnitud de este fenómeno. Se realizó una encuesta piloto en 57 mujeres de Guadalajara, México, seleccionadas mediante un muestreo polietápico. Se encontró que el 46% de las mujeres habían sufrido de violencia. El perpetrador más frecuente fue el compañero/esposo (73%). De ...

Tipparat Hongpattarakere, and Oraphan Riyaphan

Chitosan was prepared from black tiger shrimp carapace by deacetylation process performed in 50% NaOH at 100oC under vacuum, nitrogen and regular atmospheres. Each condition was maintained for 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 h. Chitosan obtained from 1.0 h of deacetylation under regular atmosphere showed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 625 ppm against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, while Candida albicans was inhibited at MIC value of 312.5 ppm due to its higher degree of...

Riediger C, and Haschke M, and Bitter C, and Fabbro T, and Schaeren S, and Urwyler A, and Ruppen W

Christine Riediger,1,* Manuel Haschke,2,* Christoph Bitter,3 Thomas Fabbro,4 Stefan Schaeren,5 Albert Urwyler,1 Wilhelm Ruppen1 1Department for Anesthesia, Surgical Intensive Care, Prehospital Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, 2Clinical Pharmacology, 3Hospital Pharmacy, 4Clinical Trial Unit, 5Orthopedic Department, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland *These authors contributed equally to this work Objectives: Ketamine is a well-known analgesic and dose-depen...

S. T. Grilli, and S. Dubosq, and N. Pophet, and Y. Pérignon, and J. T. Kirby, and F. Shi

We perform numerical simulations of the coastal impact of large co-seismic tsunamis, initiated in the Puerto Rican trench, both in far-field areas along the upper US East coast (and other Caribbean islands), and in more detail in the near-field, along the Puerto Rico North Shore (PRNS). We first model a magnitude 9.1 extreme co-seismic source and then a smaller 8.7 magnitude source, which approximately correspond to 600 and 200 year return periods, respectively. In both cases, tsunami generation...

R. Pado

Isaac Rodrigues Santos, and Ronaldo Cataldo Costa, and Ubiratan Freitas, and Gilberto Fillmann

The hypothesis that effluents treated through activated sludge process cause changes in nutrient biogeochemistry of receiving water bodies was investigated in Vieira creek, southern Brazil. Dissolved oxygen, suspended matter, and pH did not vary among the sampling stations. Nutrient, biochemical oxygen demand, and conductivity values were significantly higher downstream from the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) effluents. Further downstream, nitrate concentrations were higher due to ammonium ni...

J. Peixer, and M. Petrere Júnior

Fishing in the area of Cachoeira de Emas dates from the aboriginal Painguás who inhabited its margins. The socioeconomic conditions of the fishers and fishing are described, derived from personal interviews with 33 fishers. Their mean age is 48.6 years and they have been fishing on average for 24.2 years. The monthly total raw income is US$ 575.52 and the raw income just from fishing is of US$ 239.64 per fisher. Most of them (66.6%) have only incomplete primary and junior education. The main cap...

C. S. Bujes, and L. Verrastro

The thermal biology of the small sand lizard, Liolaemus occipitalis, was studied in the coastal sand dunes at Quintão Beach (Palmares do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; 30° 24' S and 50° 17' W), between September, 1998 and August, 1999. Liolaemus occipitalis presented a mean body temperature of 30.89 °C (SD = 4.43 °C; min = 16.4 °C; max = 40.2 °C; N = 270), that varied on a daily and seasonal basis according to microhabitat thermal alterations. The substrate temperature was the main heat source ...

Palaniappan Sivasankar, and Panchanathan Manivasagan, and Packiyaraj Vijayanand, and Kannan Sivakumar, and Shanmugam Sugesh, and Subramaniam Poongodi, and Viswanathan Maharani, and Shanmugam Vijayalakshmi, and Thangavel Balasubramanian

Objective: To investigate the in vitro antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria and brine shrimp lethality bioassay of the marine actinobacterium. Methods: Forty six marine actinobacterial strains were isolated from sediment samples of Uppanar estuary, Cuddalore, India. Preliminary screening was done by cross-streak method and the potential strain was identified by morphological, chemotaxonomical and molecular methods. Fermentation was done and the metabolite was obtained by...

Prachi Ravikant Naik, and Deepa Das Acath, and Gapal H Sharma, and Amita Rahul Navalkar

Recognition of importance of human teeth in personal identification has been recognized from time immemorial. In any natural calamity or man-made catastrophe identification of an individual is of paramount importance. Here tooth plays an important role as it is the last one to get affected in a disaster due to its durable nature and good survival rate. This information comes under the aegis of forensic odontology and is of paramount importance from legal and social viewpoints. This analysis uses...

Carlos Sérgio Agostinho, and Celiana Ribeiro Pereira, and Rafael José de Oliveira, and Iriene Siqueira Freitas, and Elineide Eugênio Marques

Fish passages are constructed with the aim of reestablishing connectivity between critical habitats, in order to sustain those species that move over a large area during their lives. The upstream movements of most of the known migratory species are made for purposes of reproduction (adults) or dispersal (juveniles). The present study was conducted at the ladder constructed at Lajeado Dam (Luis Eduardo Magalhães Hydroelectric Power), on the Tocantins River. The objective was to assess whether the...

Deniz Ayas

M.-A. Bassetti, and S. Berné, and M.-A. Sicre, and B. Dennielou, and Y. Alonso, and R. Buscail, and B. Jalali, and B. Hebert, and C. Menniti

Expanded marine Holocene archives are relatively scarce in the Mediterranean Sea because most of the sediments were trapped in catchment areas during this period. Mud belts are the most suitable targets to access expanded Holocene records. These sedimentary bodies represent excellent archives for the study of sea–land interactions and notably the impact of the hydrological activity on sediment accumulation. We retrieved a 7.2 m long sediment core from the Rhône mud belt in the Gulf of Lions in a...

Dhanasekar Ramu, and Santhosh Sigamani, and Hemalatha Venkatachalam, and Panneerselvam Bommannan, and Dhandapani Ramamurthy

Objective: To utilize bacterial consortium as probiotics for the biodegradation of organic matter and to control the emergence of bacterial disease in shrimp culture pond. Methods: Water samples were collected from shrimp culture ponds of Southern India. The physico-chemical properties of the water viz., pH, temperature and colour were analyzed. The bacteria were isolated and were screened for different enzyme assays. The bacterial isolates named MSWS24, MSWS30, and MSWS19 were identified a...

Jayaraj Mohanraj, and Gurusamy Chelladurai, and Srinivasan Balakrishnan, and Iruthayam Vijaya Kuamr

Objective: To study the spatial and temporal variations of the distribution and diversity pattern of coral reef associated gastropods assemblages in Gulf of Mannar Island and to clarify the relationship between gastropods and surrounding coral reef ecosystem. Methods: Gastropods were collected from three islands–Hare (Picnic spot), Vaan (Church Island) and Koswari (Karsuvar Island). The samples were taxonomically identified according to external structure of typical shells and classifi...

I. Polovodova Asteman, and I. Polovodova Asteman, and H. L. Filipsson, and K. Nordberg

<p>We present 2500 years of reconstructed bottom water temperatures (BWT) using a fjord sediment archive from the north-east Atlantic region. The BWT represent winter conditions due to the fjord hydrography and the associated timing and frequency of bottom water renewals. The study is based on a ca. 8&thinsp;m long sediment core from Gullmar Fjord (Sweden), which was dated by ²¹⁰Pb and AMS ¹⁴C and analysed for stable oxygen isotopes (<i>δ</i>¹⁸O) measured o...

B. Kravitz, and P. J. Rasch, and H. Wang, and A. Robock, and C. Gabriel, and O. Boucher, and J. N. S. Cole, and J. Haywood, and J. Haywood, and D. Ji, and A. Jones, and A. Lenton, and J. C. Moore, and H. Muri, and H. Muri, and U. Niemeier, and S. Phipps, and S. Phipps, and H. Schmidt, and S. Watanabe, and S. Yang, and J.-H. Yoon

<p>Geoengineering, or climate intervention, describes methods of deliberately altering the climate system to offset anthropogenic climate change. As an idealized representation of near-surface solar geoengineering over the ocean, such as marine cloud brightening, this paper discusses experiment G1ocean-albedo of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP), involving an abrupt quadrupling of the CO₂ concentration and an instantaneous increase in ocean albedo to main...

C. J. M. Hoppe, and C. J. M. Hoppe, and C. M. Flintrop, and C. M. Flintrop, and B. Rost

<p>In the Arctic Ocean, climate change effects such as warming and ocean acidification (OA) are manifesting faster than in other regions. Yet, we are lacking a mechanistic understanding of the interactive effects of these drivers on Arctic primary producers. In the current study, one of the most abundant species of the Arctic Ocean, the prasinophyte <i>Micromonas pusilla</i>, was exposed to a range of different <i>p</i>CO₂ levels at two temperatures representing realistic curren...

Judith S. WEIS

This article reviews biological invasions in which predation (or its absence) plays a major role in the success of the invader. Examples are described in which the invader out-competes native species for the same food, and cases in which the invader consumes valued native species. In many instances, better predator avoidance by the invasive species or the absence of predators in the new habitat contributes to the success of the invaders; in other cases native or introduced predators appear to be...

Wang Tongmin, and Li Jia, and Wu Li

The mold filling and solidification process of a marine propeller hub were simulated using ProCAST? Three casting processes ?gravity casting, centrifugal casting and low pressure casting ?were compared in order to get the best process. The heat transfer coefficient of the casting/mold interface was determined using a reverse method. The simulated results of velocity, temperature and shrinkage porosity distribution were discussed in detail for the three casting processes. A smooth filling was fou...

Ian D. Lloyd, and Timothy Marchok, and Gabriel A. Vecchi

This paper examines the ability of recent versions of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Operational Hurricane Forecast Model (GHM) to reproduce the observed relationship between hurricane intensity and hurricane-induced Sea Surface Temperature (SST) cooling. The analysis was performed by taking a Lagrangian composite of all hurricanes in the North Atlantic from 1998–2009 in observations and 2005–2009 for the GHM. A marked improvement in the intensity-SST relationship for the GHM compared...

H. P. S. Abdul Khalil, and T. K. Lai, and Y. Y. Tye, and S. Rizal, and E. W. N. Chong, and S. W. Yap, and A. A. Hamzah, and M. R. Nurul Fazita, and M. T. Paridah

The term hydrocolloid generally refers to substances that form gels or provide viscous dispersion in the presence of water. Alginate, agar, and carrageenan are three commercially valuable hydrocolloids derived from certain brown and red seaweed and each has their distinct physicochemical properties (i.e. functional and bioactive). Various applications of these seaweed hydrocolloids as thickeners, stabilizers, coagulants and salves (in the wound and burn dressings) and materials to produce bio-me...

V Sadesh Kannan, and A Saneem Ahamed, and G R Sathya Narayanan, and K Velavan, and E Elavarasi, and C Danavel

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of using endodontic H-files luted with Resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) in removing fractured palatal root. Materials and Methods: This study consists of 30 patients, of which 16 were males and 14 were females with a mean age of 36 years. In which, 19 were maxillary first molar and 11 were maxillary second molar. In that, 18 were fractured at the level of apical 1/3 rd and 12 were at the level of apical 2/3 rd . All cases ...

Horiuchi S, and Tsuda A, and Aoki S, and Yoneda K, and Sawaguchi Y

Satoshi Horiuchi,1 Akira Tsuda,2 Shuntaro Aoki,3,4 Kenichiro Yoneda,5 Yusuke Sawaguchi6 1Faculty of Social Welfare, Iwate Prefectural University, Iwate, 2Department of Psychology, Kurume University, Fukuoka, 3Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, 4Graduate School of Psychological Science, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, 5Graduate School of Psychology, Kurume University, Fukuoka, 6Graduate School of Social Welfare, Iwate Prefectural University, Iw...

D Deepa, and K V Arun Kumar

Background: Buccal fat pad (BFP) is a specialized vascular tissue adequately present in buccal space and is close to the maxillary posterior quadrant. The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the utility of pedicled BFP (PBFP) in the treatment of Class II and III gingival recession. Materials and Methods: Ten systemically healthy patients with age ranging from 35 to 55 years with Class II and Class III gingival recession in the maxillary molars were selected. Before the surgical phase, pat...

P. Jayaraman, and T. Puckree

Objective: The Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function(commonly referred to as the Melbourne A ssessment) was identified as atool to quantify the quality of upper extremity function in children with cerebral palsy aged 5 to 15 years in South Africa. Since the tool was nottested in a South African population before, it became necessary to determine its inter-rater and test-retest reliability.Methods: Five South African Black children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy served as the test...

Juan F Villarreal-Chiu, and John P. Quinn, and John W McGrath

AbstractPhosphonates are compounds that contain the chemically-stable carbon-phosphorus (C-P) bond. They are widely distributed amongst more primitive life forms including many marine invertebrates and constitute a significant component of the Dissolved Organic Phosphorus reservoir in the oceans. Virtually all biogenic C-P compounds are synthesized by a pathway in which the key step is the intramolecular rearrangement of phosphoenolpyruvate to phosphonopyruvate. However C-P bond cleavage by deg...

FÁBIO V. DE ARAÚJO, and MARCELLE C.M. NETTO, and GUSTAVO P. AZEVEDO, and MARCELLY M.A. JAYME, and MONICA C. NUNES-CARVALHO, and MARIANA M. SILVA, and FLÁVIA L. DO CARMO

ABSTRACT Marine sponges has been a large reservoir of microbial diversity, with the presence of many species specific populations as well as producing biologically active compounds, which has attracted great biotechnological interest. In order to verify the influence of the environment in the composition of the bacterial community present in marine sponges and biotechnological potential of bacteria isolated from these organisms, three species of sponges and the waters surrounding them were colle...

Ignacio Jáuregui-Lobera

On August 12, 2000, Saturday, a Russian submarine of the Oscar II class, the K-141 Kursk, sank in the Barents Sea, while sailing as part of the "Summer-X Exercise" manoeuvres. The Kursk was a giant double-hulled submarine, with nine sealed compartments, considered impossible to be sunk. During the manoeuvres, at 08:51 local time, the Kursk requested permission to prepare a torpedo and it received the response "Dobro" (good in English). At 11:29:34 (07:29:50 UTC) the Norwegian seismic monitoring ...

Mercedes Solá Pérez, and Jorge Ramón Montenegro Gómez

This investigation is about the conflicts and resistances that the application of developmental public policies is generating in the territories of the artisanal fishers of the Superagüi Village. These are development policies related to fishery and aquaculture. This artisanal fishers that were already affected in their territories by the sustainable development policies with the installation of the Parque Nacional do Superagüi that’s already limiting their natural assets, are also suffering fro...

Andrea Marazzo, and Jean L. Valentin

This note relates the occurrence of Evadne spinifera Müller, 1867 (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The samples were obtained by vertical tows with a 200µm mesh-size conical net at different times over a four day period in September, 1995. Evadne spinifera densities was always low.

Davi Gasparini Fernandes Cunha, and Maria do Carmo Calijuri

Embora relativamente comuns no Brasil, programas de monitoramento da qualidade da água frequentemente não transformam os resultados em elementos que norteiem o poder público para a recuperação dos sistemas aquáticos. Assim, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo discutir a utilização das curvas probabilísticas de incompatibilidade da qualidade da água com o enquadramento legal dos corpos de água como ferramenta complementar ao monitoramento. As probabilidades de inconformidade com a resolução CON...

Potchanapond Graidist, and Theerawut Phusantisampan, and Sunee Wanlem, and Warapond Wanna

Two genes, PinX1 and 14-3-3, have been isolated and investigated for their expression in shrimp, Litopenaeusvannamei when infected with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and subjected to environmental stresses. A putative PinX1protein of 180 amino acids showed a 65% similarity to the zebra fish PinX1 protein (Danio rerio) and had a G-patch domainsimilar to human PinX1. The sequence of a full length cDNA of 14-3-3 has a very high similarity (96%) to other shrimp 14-3-3-like protein (Feneropenaeus ...

Coastal vegetation decline caused by seaspray has been reported to affect a variety of species in several countries: Australia, South of France, along the Italian Tyrrhenian coast, Spain and Tunisia. The most serious injury is due to the interaction between sea salt and surfactants, even if surfactants may cause direct damage on cell membranes. The salt uptake is enhanced by the durfactant-induced erosion of the epicuticular wax, which reduces the water surface tension. The symptoms are non-spec...

Dincy Peter, and G Jayakumar Amirtharaj, and Teena Mathew, and Susanne Pulimood, and Anup Ramachandran

Background: Oxidative and nitrosative stress caused by drug metabolism may be a trigger for keratinocyte apoptosis in the epidermis seen in toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Stevens Johnson syndrome (SJS). Aims: To estimate oxidative damage in the serum and to examine the role of nitric oxide in mediating epidermal damage in patients with TEN and SJS. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted among TEN and SJS patients and controls in a tertiary care center between January 2006...

Stéfano Zorzal de Almeida, and Valéria de Oliveira Fernandes

<p>This study aimed at evaluating the effects of the intensive fish-farming and the domestic wastewater on the structure of the phycoperiphyton community. Three experimental supports containing artificial substrate were assembled in two sampling sites: IF – region with intensive fish-farming and DW – near the domestic wastewater discharge. Samplings were carried out after the 21^st, 26^th and 31^st day of colonization. The abiotic variables evaluated were: transpare...

Phairot Chatanantavet, and Suphat Vongvisessomjai

Hydrodynamic characteristics of a river resulting from interaction of tide and river flow are important since problems regarding flood, salinity intrusion, water quality and sedimentation are ubiquitous. The lower reach of the river strongly influenced by tides from the sea, when interacting with river flows, results in a complicated pattern which is simplified to its interaction with four main constituents of tides obtained from harmonic analysis. An analytical model is developed in this study ...

Maria V. Gavrilo, and Darya M. Martynova

The Russian Arctic National Park is a marine Protected Area playing a significant role in conservation of rare and protected endemic species of the Arctic fauna and flora, included in the IUCN Red List and/or in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation. The Russian Arctic National Park is considered to be: (1) the major ground for the reproduction of the Atlantic walrus stock inhabiting the north-eastern Kara-Barents Sea Region; (2) the key area maintaining the globally threatened Svalbard po...

Quratulan Ahmed, and Qadeer Mohammad Ali, and Levent Bat

Objective: To determine heavy metal concentrations in holothurians (Holothuria arenicola, Holothuria pardalis, Holothuria verrucosa, Holothuria atra, Ohshimella ehrenbergii, Holothuria cinerascens, Stolus buccalis and Holothuria leucospilota), sediments and sea water samples from both Buleji and Sunehri coasts bordering Northern Arabian Sea during January to December 2014 and to assess the level of bioaccumulation using bioaccumulation factors. Methods: Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb levels were...

Mary Hoff

Johnson Marimuthu Antonisamy, and Petchiammal Essakimuthu, and Janakiraman Narayanan, and Babu Anantham, and Renisheya Joy Jeba Malar Tharmaraj, and Sivaraman Arumugam

Objective: To explore the phytochemical properties of Sargassum wightii. Methods: Phytochemical screening of the extracts was carried out according to the standard methods. To identify the functional constituents present in the crude extracts, the spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis were performed. Results: The different extracts of S. wightii showed the presence of steroids, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, saponins and flavonoids with varied degree. TLC profile of S. wightii demonstr...

Helton José Alves, and Maristela Furman, and Cristie Luis Kugelmeier, and Clayton Rodrigues de Oliveira, and Vanessa Rossato Bach, and Karine Natani Lupatini, and Andressa Caroline Neves, and Mabel Karina Arantes

Abstract Shrimp shells are a raw material rich in chitin, a precursor of chitosan biopolymer. The variables of processing (demineralization, deproteination and deacetylation) can be manipulated to determine the main characteristics of chitosan, the degree of deacetylation (DD), and average molar mass. This study evaluated the influence of one of the unit operations of shrimp shell physical processing, the milling, on the final product characteristic, chitosan. After different milling conditions,...

Ana P. Rabuffetti, and Elie Abrial, and Luis A. Espínola, and Mario L. Amsler, and Eliana G. Eberle, and Martín C. M. Blettler, and Aldo R. Paira

ABSTRACT With the objective of finding fluctuations on fish body condition in the Middle Paraná River floodplain in different hydrological scenarios, this attribute was analyzed in several trophic groups of a secondary floodplain channel and its associated lakes between 2010 and 2012. Standardized residuals generated by length-weight regressions were calculated for each species and the relative weight (Wr) of the most abundant species per group was examined. A two-way factorial ANOVA was carried...

Zhang Li, and Zhu Jie, and Liu Dan

China free trade zone is an important carrier of the Belt and Road to achieve the internal and external linkage. There are four free trade zones in china. They are in Shanghai, Guangdong, Tianjin and Fujian. Fujian free trade zone supplies greater openness and favorable policies for Xiamen international shipping center, and dispenses with the formalities, reduces shipping costs, and realizes the territory of the commissioner of policies. So it will be in favor of FDI and benefited for employment...

LH. Sipaúba-Tavares, and SG. Dias

Plankton communities and macrofauna associated to aquatic macrophyte stands in a shallow water-supply reservoir (21°14′09″S; 48°18′38″W) on an aquaculture farm were compared to evaluate the relationship between organism densities and some abiotic features of the reservoir. Water and communities associated were sampled at two sites, one in an area with the predominance of Eichhornia azurea (Sw.) Kunth and the other with the predominance of Salvinia auriculata Aublet. Communities associated with m...

Nagarajan Balachandran Dhayanithi, and Thipramalai Thankappan Ajith Kumar, and Thangavelu Balasubramanian, and Kapila Tissera

Objective: To ascertain the feasibility of using sustainable natural resources in maintaining disease free fish in such establishments. Methods: The infected marine ornamental fishes were collected from the hatchery condition and causative bacteria were identified by morphology and biochemical techniques. The antibacterial activity and disease resistant capability of mangrove plant leaf extract were investigated against fish pathogens. Results: Based on the in vitro assay, methanol e...

Valdirene E. Loureiro-Crippa, and Norma S. Hahn

The construction of dams brings about changes in the course of a river, which directly or indirectly affect the fish fauna. Alterations in the food resources available to the fish favor some species and deter others. In addition to the implications originating from damming, Jordão Reservoir has a characteristically large number of endemic species that, because of the impacts they have undergone, run the risk of extinction. In this study, we investigate the feeding flexibility of the fishes faced...