Ayako Kobayashi, and Ayako Ichimura, and Yukihiro Kobayashi, and Kazuo Shiomi

S. Valeria Teso, and Gregorio Bigatti, and Graciela N. Casas, and M. Luz Piriz, and Pablo E. Penchaszadeh

The invasive kelp Undaria pinnatifida (Phaeophyceae, Laminariales) was first reported in Golfo Nuevo in 1992 and since then it has spread widely over more than 170 km, all along the northern Patagonian coast, Argentina. Field observations in the region have indicated the potential role of invertebrate grazers, like the sea urchins Arbacia dufresnii and Pseudechinus magellanicus and the gastropod Tegula patagonica, in controlling algal density. Laboratory experiments were conducted to ascertain w...

B.G.D. Sumuduni, and D.H.N. Munasinghe, and W.P.R. Chandrarathna, and N.J. De S. Amarasinghe

Seasonal variation and site specificity of external parasites in gold fish (Carassius auratus) and koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) cultured at Rambadagalle fish breeding and training center were estimated during wet (February-July) and dry (August-November) seasons in 2013. According to the proportion of the total harvest, samples of 30 gold fish and 50 koi carps in same cohort were collected from two separated harvesting ponds. Their gills, skin scrape and fins were examined in the laboratory for ec...

H. C. Steen-Larsen, and A. E. Sveinbjörnsdottir, and A. J. Peters, and V. Masson-Delmotte, and M. P. Guishard, and G. Hsiao, and J. Jouzel, and D. Noone, and J. K. Warren, and J. W. C. White

Continuous, in situ measurements of water vapor isotopic composition have been conducted in the North Atlantic, at the Bermuda Islands (32.26° N, 64.88° W), between November 2011 and June 2013, using a cavity ring-down spectrometer water vapor isotope analyzer and an autonomous self-designed calibration system. Meticulous calibration allows us to reach an accuracy and precision on 10 min average of <i>δ</i>¹⁸O, <i>δ</i> <i>D</i>, and d-excess of, 0.14, 0.85, and 1.1&pe...

Anna C.D.R. Barbosa, and Felipe Galzerani, and Thaís C. Corrêa, and Pedro M. Galetti Jr., and Terumi Hatanaka

Prochilodus is one of the most important fish resources of South America, in addition to the important role it plays in nutrient cycling of Neotropical rivers. In the present study, we describe the isolation and characterization of nine novel microsatellite loci in Prochilodus argenteus. The number of alleles per polymorphic locus varied from 5 (Par76) to 21 (Par85), revealing a total of 116 alleles. The values of observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.629 (Par69) to 0.926 (Par85 a...

Matthias Wolff

The present article gives an overview on the leading concepts and modelling approaches for marine ecosystems’ research including (1) The trophodynamic theory of pelagic ecosystems, (2) Compartment/network models, (3) Mesocosm experiments and (4) Individual based modelling approaches and virtual ecosystems (VE). The main research questions addressed, as well as the potential and limits of each approach, are summarized and discussed and it is shown how the concept of ecosystem has changed over tim...

Leonardo C. da Rosa, and Carlos A. Borzone, and Edílson Caron

Nesta nota são apresentadas as principais características do hábictat de Diglotta brasiliensis Caron & Ribeiro-Costa, 2008, uma espécie recentemente descrita para a região Neotropical. Os indivíduos foram encontrados habitando uma faixa de aproximadamente 4 m de largura da zona intermareal superior de duas praias estuarinas (ambas localizadas no setor euhalino da baía), com as suas densidades variando de 13 a 80 indivíduos/m². Nesta faixa da praia os sedimentos estiveram compostos de areia média...

A. M. Sayer, and A. Smirnov, and N. C. Hsu, and L. A. Munchak, and B. N. Holben

As well as spectral aerosol optical depth (AOD), aerosol composition and concentration (number, volume, or mass) are of interest for a variety of applications. However, remote sensing of these quantities is more difficult than for AOD, as it is more sensitive to assumptions relating to aerosol composition. This study uses spectral AOD measured on Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) cruises, with the additional constraint of a microphysical model for unpolluted maritime aerosol based on analysis of Ae...

Abbasali Javadi, and Peyman Adibi, and Behrooz Ataei, and Zary Nokhodian, and Majid Yaran

Background: Considering that there was not any regional survey in Isfahan, Iran regarding the epidemiology of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) in different age groups of general population, the aim of this study was to determine the epidemiologic feature of ARTIs in Isfahan using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, patients aged <80 years with symptoms of ARTI were studied, during 2009-2010 Nasopharyngeal and dry throat...

H. E. Markus Meier, and Anders Höglund, and Ralf Döscher, and Helén Andersson, and Ulrike Löptien, and Erik Kjellström

Climate model results for the Baltic Sea region from an ensemble of eight simulations using the Rossby Centre Atmosphere model version 3 (RCA3) driven with lateral boundary data from global climate models (GCMs) are compared with results from a downscaled ERA40 simulation and gridded observations from 1980-2006. The results showed that data from RCA3 scenario simulations should not be used as forcing for Baltic Sea models in climate change impact studies because biases of the control climate sig...

SUKIMAN, and FATURRAHMAN, and IMY SUCI ROHYANI, and HILMAN AHYADI

Sukiman, Faturrahman, Rohyani IS, Ahyadi H. 2014. Growth of seaweed Eucheuma cottonii in multi trophic sea farming systems at Gerupuk Bay, Central Lombok, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 6: 82-85. Eucheuma cottonii is a seaweed commodity that has a high economic value because it contains compounds used as raw materials for industries. Various methods of seaweed farming have been developed, one of which is a system of cultivation Multi Trophic Sea Farming. This study aimed to analyze the growth o...

Ting Joseph, and Barns Kenneth, and Holmes John

<b>Background:</b> It is unclear whether local anesthetic eye drops can be safely used for the topical anesthesia of patients with minor corneal injury who are discharged from the emergency department (ED). <b>Objectives:</b> To assess whether topical 0.4&#x0025; amethocaine self-administered to a maximum recommended frequency of once every hour for 36-48 h is safe in the management of uncomplicated corneal injury in patients discharged from the ED. <b>Patients and Methods:</b> A pilot randomiz...

F.S. Marchionni, and F. Alfonsi, and S. Santini, and S. Marconcini, and U. Covani, and A. Barone

Aim Implant rehabilitation has become a very reliable and safe procedure. However, in some cases, a small amount of bone could make implant surgery extremely difficult or even impossible. Hence, a surgical technique to augment sinus floor has been developed and improved. Nevertheless, there is still controversy over the use of a membrane over the osteotomy window. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of a membrane could be beneficial in sinus floor augmentation. M...

Malihe Sadeghi, and Samaneh Shojaee Mehr, and Maryam Mirlohi

Marie Elf, and Sofi Nordmark, and Johan Lyhagen, and Inger Lindberg, and Tracy Finch, and Anna Cristina Åberg

Abstract Background The original British instrument the Normalization Process Theory Measure (NoMAD) is based on the four core constructs of the Normalization Process Theory: Coherence, Cognitive Participation, Collective Action, and Reflexive Monitoring. They represent ways of thinking about implementation and are focused on how interventions can become part of everyday practice. Aim To translate and adapt the original NoMAD into the Swedish version S-NoMAD and to evaluate its psychometric prop...

Sarah L. Taylor, and Robert J. Noonan, and Zoe R. Knowles, and Michael B. Owen, and Stuart J. Fairclough

Abstract Background Schools have been identified as key environments to promote child physical activity (PA). Implementation of multi-component PA interventions within schools is advocated but research has showed that they may not always be effective at increasing child PA. Results of the Active Schools: Skelmersdale (AS:Sk) multi-component pilot intervention indicated no significant positive change to child PA levels. Process evaluations can provide information on which aspects of an interventi...

Maïwenn Jornod, and Dominique G. Roche

Fast-start escape responses are critical behaviours used by fishes during predator-prey encounters and some interactions with hetero- and conspecifics. In experimental studies, escape responses are often measured once per individual and considered representative of maximum performance. However, few studies have compared variability and repeatability in escape performances within and among individuals. Using the tropical damselfish Amblyglyphidodon curacao, we quantified inter- and intra-individu...

Janina Petrack, and Steffen Jost, and Jens Boenigk, and Matthias Epple

Chrysophyceae, also known as golden algae, contain characteristic, three-dimensional biomineralized silica structures. Their chemical composition and microscopic structure was studied. By high-temperature conversion of the skeleton of Mallomonas caudata and Synura petersenii into elementary silicon by magnesium vapour, nanostructured defined replicates were produced which were clearly seen after removal of the formed magnesium oxide with acid.

Peng Zhang, and Xiao-Ming Li, and Xin-Xin Mao, and Attila Mándi, and Tibor Kurtán, and Bin-Gui Wang

A new indolyl-6,10b-dihydro-5aH-[1]benzofuro[2,3-b]indole derivative, varioloid A (1), was isolated from the marine alga-derived endophytic fungus Paecilomyces variotii EN-291. Its structure was elucidated on the basis of extensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR data and the absolute configuration was determined by time-dependent density functional theory-electronic circular dichroism (TDDFT-ECD) calculations. A similar compound, whose planar structure was previously described but the relative and ab...

Steven H. D. Haddock, and Casey W. Dunn

Although proteins in the green fluorescent protein family (GFPs) have been discovered in a wide array of taxa, their ecological functions in these organisms remain unclear. Many hypothesized roles are related to modifying bioluminescence spectra or modulating the light regime for algal symbionts, but these do not explain the presence of GFPs in animals that are non-luminous and non-symbiotic. Other hypothesized functions are unrelated to the visual signals themselves, including stress responses ...

Nikolai W. F. BODE, A. Jamie WOOD, Daniel W. FRANKS

Group navigation is of great importance for many animals, such as migrating flocks of birds or shoals of fish. One theory states that group membership can improve navigational accuracy compared to limited or less accurate individual navigational ability in groups without leaders (“Many-wrongs principle”). Here, we simulate leaderless group navigation that includes social connections as preferential interactions between individuals. Our results suggest that underlying social networks can reduce n...

Daniela Castellani, and Walter Barrella

Este trabalho buscou caracterizar a piscicultura na Região do Vale do Ribeira quanto aos sistemas de manejo. Estudaram-se quarenta e duas pisciculturas sendo que, destas, 36 praticam o sistema semi-intensivo e seis o sistema intensivo, com os seguintes objetivos: engorda de peixes, produção de alevinos e pesque-pagues. Foram listadas 41 espécies de peixes cultivadas. Apenas 6 espécies são nativas da Bacia do Rio Ribeira de Iguape: lambari (Astyanax sp Linneaus, 1758), traíra (Hoplias malabaricus...

Rossi, P. , and Gayol, M. F., and Renaudo, C. , and Pramparo, M. C., and Nepote, V. , and Grosso, N. R.

The concentration of omega-3 compounds obtained for the esterification of squid oil by molecular distillation was carried out in two stages. This operation can process these thermolabile and high molecular weight components at very low temperatures. Given the mathematical complexity of the theoretical model, artificial neural networks (ANN) have provided an alternative to a classical computing analysis. The objective of this study was to create a predictive model using artificial neural network ...

Paulo Roberto Pagliosa

This paper reports on the spatial variation of a macrofaunal community along the intertidalsubtidal gradient of an estuarine beach located at the mouth of Babitonga Bay, in Southern Brazil. The fauna and sediment were sampled at 0, 5, 10, and 20 m depths in three transects. Differences in benthic assemblages among the depths were found to be significant and related to the major local processes of sediment changes. The analysis of taxa composition showed an impoverished community subject to wave ...

A. Toreti, and E. Xoplaki, and D. Maraun, and F. G. Kuglitsch, and H. Wanner, and J. Luterbacher

We present an analysis of daily extreme precipitation events for the extended winter season (October–March) at 20 Mediterranean coastal sites covering the period 1950–2006. The heavy tailed behaviour of precipitation extremes and estimated return levels, including associated uncertainties, are derived applying a procedure based on the Generalized Pareto Distribution, in combination with recently developed methods. Precipitation extremes have an important contribution to make seasonal totals (app...

Gajendra Kumar, and Amita Srivastava, and Surinder Kumar Sharma, and T Divakara Rao, and Yogendra Kumar Gupta

Background & objectives: In the traditional system of medicine in India Ashwagandha powder and Sidh Makardhwaj have been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. However, safety and efficacy of this treatment have not been evaluated. Therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ayurvedic treatment (Ashwagandha powder and Sidh Makardhwaj) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: One hundred and twenty five patients with joint pain were screen...

A. E. Jones, and N. Brough, and P. S. Anderson, and E. W. Wolff

Observations of peroxynitric acid (HO₂NO₂) and nitric acid (HNO₃) were made during a 4 month period of Antarctic winter darkness at the coastal Antarctic research station, Halley. Mixing ratios of HNO₃ ranged from instrumental detection limits to ~8 parts per trillion by volume (pptv), and of HO₂NO₂ from detection limits to ~5 pptv; the average ratio of HNO₃ : HO₂NO₂ was 2.0(± 0.6) : 1, with HNO<su...

R. G. J. Bellerby, and K. G. Schulz, and U. Riebesell, and C. Neill, and G. Nondal, and E. Heegaard, and T. Johannessen, and K. R. Brown

Changes to seawater inorganic carbon and nutrient concentrations in response to the deliberate CO₂ perturbation of natural plankton assemblages were studied during the 2005 Pelagic Ecosystem CO₂ Enrichment (PeECE III) experiment. Inverse analysis of the temporal inorganic carbon dioxide system and nutrient variations was used to determine the net community stoichiometric uptake characteristics of a natural pelagic ecosystem perturbed over a range of <i>p</i>CO₂ s...

Konstantin V. Taran

The article deals with the events of the First Russian Revolution within Black Sea Province through the perspective of sources and their classification.

Chris Burridge, and Don Jellyman

Datt Modh, and Ashish Katarkar, and Noorain Alam, and Anil Jain, and Pankaj Shah

Introduction: Tinnitus, the perception of the sound in the absence of an external acoustic source, disrupts the daily life 1 out of every 200 adults, yet its physiological basis remains largely a mystery. The generation of tinnitus is commonly linked with the impaired functioning of the outer hair cells (OHC) inside the cochlea. Otoacoustic emissions are the objective test used to assess their activity. Objective: The objective of the investigation was to study the features of Distortion product...

KELECOM ALPHONSE

After 40 years of intensive research, chemistry of marine natural products has become a mature field. Since 1995, there are signals of decreased interest in the search of new metabolites from traditional sources such as macroalgae and octocorals, and the number of annual reports on marine sponges stabilized. On the contrary, metabolites from microorganisms is a rapidly growing field, due, at least in part, to the suspicion that a number of metabolites obtained from algae and invertebrates may be...

P. Provoost, and S. van Heuven, and K. Soetaert, and R. W. P. M. Laane, and J. J. Middelburg

Recent observations and modelling studies suggest that biogeochemical changes can mask atmospheric CO₂-induced pH decreases. Data collected by the Dutch monitoring authorities in different coastal systems (North Sea, Wadden Sea, Ems-Dollard, Eastern Scheldt and Scheldt estuary) since 1975 provide an excellent opportunity to test whether this is the case in the Dutch coastal zone. The time-series were analysed using Multi-Resolution Analysis (MRA) which resulted in the identification o...

Álvaro José de Almeida Bicudo, and José Eurico Possebon Cyrino

Many methods to estimate amino acid requirement based on amino acid profile of fish have been proposed. This study evaluates the methodology proposed by Meyer & Fracalossi (2005) and by Tacon (1989) to estimate amino acids requirement of fish, which do exempt knowledge on previous nutritional requirement of reference amino acid. Data on amino acid requirement of pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, were used to validate de accuracy of those methods. Meyer & Fracalossi's and Tacon's methodology estimat...

I. Tsandev, and C. Rabouille, and C. P. Slomp, and P. Van Cappellen

The areal exposure of continental shelves during glacial sea level lowering enhanced the transfer of erodible reactive organic matter to the open ocean. Sea level fall also activated submarine canyons thereby allowing large rivers to deposit their particulate load, via gravity flows, directly in the deep-sea. Here, we analyze the effects of shelf erosion and particulate matter re-routing to the open ocean during interglacial to glacial transitions, using a coupled model of the marine phosphorus,...

Iracema David Gomes, and Francisco Gerson Araújo

Marine catfish are abundant in the Sepetiba Bay, a 305 km 2 area in Southeast Brazilian coast (Lat. 22º 54’-23º 04’S; Long. 43 o 44’-44 o 10’W), but the knowledge on their biology is still scanty. The reproductive biology of Sciadeichthys luniscutis (Valenciennes 1840) and Genidens genidens (Valenciennes 1839) was studied through monthly sampling, from October 1998 to September 1999. Fishes were caught with a standardized otter trawl, in the interior of Sepetiba Bay, and near to the confluence w...

Kim Sung-chul, and Na Won-min, and Lim Na-ra, and Lee Do-sang, and Jang Eun-ha, and Song Bong-keun

Objectives : This study was to investigate the effect of Oriental medical treatment on ALS. Methods : We investigated 12 ALS patients which were admitted to Gwang-Ju O.M. hospital from Oct. 14, 2008 to Nov. 14, 2008. All patients were treated by SAAM-acupuncture, herb medication, Bee venom Pharmacopuncture therapy, Needle-embedding therapy, etc. We evaluated patients using the Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised(ALSFRS-R), Medical Research Council (MRC) Scale. Result...

Fadeev А. М., and Cherepovitsyn А. Е. , and Larichkin F. D. , and Agarkov S. А.

The paper considers some theoretical and practical issues of strategic management of oil and gas complex at the development of hydrocarbon resources in the Arctic offshore. The analysis of existing approaches in process and project management of oil and gas complex has been carried out taking into account characteristics of offshore projects in the Arctic zone. Considerable attention has been paid to the history and evolution of strategic management as an economic category, functional areas of s...

Kuranov Yu. F.

The practice and need to update and form the production and technical base of fishery enterprises have an increasing impact on performance of the fisheries complex and become decisive when considering the prospects for its development on an innovative basis. The paper examines the current state and development trends of the Northern Basin fishing fleet, its production capabilities in developing available bioresources, the need and prospects for renewal. During the research the influence of the m...

Rodrigo Moncayo-Estrada, and Owen T Lind, and Carlos Escalera-Gallardo

Significant reductions in the water volume of shallow lakes impose a restriction on species segregation promoting more interactions in the trophic relationships. The diets of three closely related zooplanktivorous silversides belonging to the Atherinopsidae species flock of lake Chapala , Mexico, were analyzed at two sites (Chirostoma jordani, C. labarcae, and C. consocium). Diets were described in critical shallow (August 2000) and volume recovery conditions (August 2005). Diets included mainly...

Ahmed H.A. Dabwan, and Daizo Imai, and Hideyuki Katsumata, and Tohru Suzuki, and Kunihiro Funasaka, and Satoshi Kaneco

Since dredged sea bottom sediments normally give off a horrible smell, the limitation of disposal places has become a serious problem in Japan. Hence, development of an alternative system to readily treat dredged sea bottom sediments is therefore needed. The development of “value-added” reused products from these sediments offers particular benefits both in terms of resource recovery and protection of the environment. We developed an in situ solidification system for the treatment of sea bottom ...

K. Violaki, and J. Sciare, and J. Williams, and A. R. Baker, and M. Martino, and N. Mihalopoulos

To obtain a comprehensive picture of the spatial distribution of water-soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) in marine aerosols, samples were collected during research cruises in the tropical and southern Atlantic Ocean and also in the southern Indian Ocean (Amsterdam Island) for a 1-year period (2005). Samples were analyzed for both organic and inorganic forms of nitrogen, and the factors controlling their levels were examined. Fine-mode WSON was found to play a significant role in the remote marine ...

K. J. S. Meier, and L. Beaufort, and S. Heussner, and P. Ziveri

Ocean acidification is a result of the uptake of anthropogenic CO₂ from the atmosphere into the ocean and has been identified as a major environmental and economic threat. The release of several thousands of petagrams of carbon over a few hundred years will have an overwhelming effect on surface ocean carbon reservoirs. The recorded and anticipated changes in seawater carbonate chemistry will presumably affect global oceanic carbonate production. Coccolithophores as the primary calcif...

C. Ramis, and R. Romero

A numerical study of the development and structure of the sea breeze in Mallorca is presented using a meso-<beta> numerical model. The model includes a detailed representation of the soil and vegetation processes. The study covers a diurnal cycle. The results show that the model reproduces the main known features of the circulation and new ones appear, which seem to have an appreciable effect on the circulation during the decay of the sea breeze. The orography and soil dryness have been id...

L. L. Sørensen, and B. Jensen, and R. N. Glud, and D. F. McGinnis, and M. K. Sejr, and J. Sievers, and D. H. Søgaard, and J.-L. Tison, and S. Rysgaard

We suggest the application of a flux parameterization commonly used over terrestrial areas for calculation of CO₂ fluxes over sea ice surfaces. The parameterization is based on resistance analogy. We present a concept for parameterization of the CO₂ fluxes over sea ice suggesting to use properties of the atmosphere and sea ice surface that can be measured or calculated on a routine basis. Parameters, which can be used in the conceptual model, are analysed based on data samp...

V.D. Chamizo, and M. Arall, and T. Rodrigo

Bloqueo y desbloqueo en una tarea de navegación. Rodrigo,&#xD; Chamizo, McLaren y Mackintosh (1997) demostraron el efecto de bloqueo&#xD; en una tarea de navegación usando una piscina circular: unas ratas a las que&#xD; inicialmente se las entrenó a usar tres puntos de referencia (ABC) para&#xD; encontrar una plataforma invisible aprendieron menos con respecto a un&#xD; cuarto punto de referencia (X) que se añadió posteriormente, de lo que lo&#xD; hicieron otras ratas entrenadas desde el princip...

Shabbir Ahmad Sheikh, and Mardiana Mansor, and Mainul Haque

Introduction: Women with abnormal Pap smear results are facing psychosocial problems such as fear, anxiety, mental stress, and defaulted follow-ups. This study aims to identify psychosocial burden differences in mean score between reproductive age group and menopausal age group women with abnormal Pap smear results. Materials and Methods: A total of seventy women with abnormal Pap smear results were recruited from three Ministry of Health, Tertiary Hospital on the East Coast of Malaysia (Kuala ...

Luca Cocchi, and Paolo Stefanelli, and Fabio Caratori Tontini, and Cosmo Carmisciano, and Davide Embriaco, and Marina Locritani, and Maurizio De Marte

<p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.0px Times;">We describe a magneto-gradiometric survey performed in the «Mar Piccolo» of Taranto, Italy in May 2005 for</p> <p style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 9.0px Times;">environmental purposes. This region, which is a noisy harbour environment, provides a challenging test for magnetic methods. To reduce spurious noise signals, with both temporal and spatial origins, we used two Geometrics G880 model caesium magnetometers towed in...

N. Meskhidze, and J. Xu, and B. Gantt, and Y. Zhang, and A. Nenes, and S. J. Ghan, and X. Liu, and R. Easter, and R. Zaveri

Marine organic aerosol emissions have been implemented and evaluated within the National Center of Atmospheric Research (NCAR)'s Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5) with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's 7-mode Modal Aerosol Module (MAM-7). Emissions of marine primary organic aerosols (POA), phytoplankton-produced isoprene- and monoterpenes-derived secondary organic aerosols (SOA) and methane sulfonate (MS^&amp;minus;) are shown to affect surface concentrations of organic aeros...

Escobedo-Lozano, A.Y., and Méndez Gómez, E., and Vázquez-Olivares, A.E., and Martínez-Sánchez, H.F

The need of new food sources to satisfy human requirements forces researchers to study any possible alternative supplies. Therefore this study aimed to explore the quality and digestibility evaluation of the protein fractions obtained as a by-product of processing the shrimp exoskeleton Litopenaeus vannamei. Shrimp exoskeletons were washed, they were dried, mincedand they were brought under acid hydrolysis and alkaline hydrolysis; released proteins were then precipitated and characterize...