Puthamohan Vinayaga Moorthi, and Chelliah Balasubramanian

Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial efficiency of the seaweed, Sargassum muticum (S. muticum) collected from Pudumadam, Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: Crude solvent extracts of S. muticum were obtained by using Soxhlet extraction and the solvents like acetone, methanol and chloroform. These different extracts were tested against different human bacterial pathogens such as Micrococcus sp., Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin resistance), Salmonella paratyphi B, Staphylo...

Osmar J Luiz, and Ivan Sazima, and Luis F Waib, and Carlos Eduardo L Ferreira

The reproductive strategies of surgeonfishes of the genus Acanthurus are well known for all Atlantic species except the Monrovia doctorfish, Acanthurus monroviae, an eastern Atlantic surgeonfish whose biology remains largely unknown. We provide here the first account on the spawning behavior of A. monroviae, an exotic fish on rocky reefs of southeastern Brazilian coast.

Aydın Yapar, and Seçil Atay

Alagarsamy Sakthive, and Periyasamy Selvakumar, and Ayyaru Gopalakrishnan

Objective: To recored the infection of Acanthocephalan parasite, (Echinorhynchus sp.) in adult yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). This is the first report of acanthocephalan Echinirhynchus sp attached to yellowfin tuna and moreover prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance was observed. Methods: Totally 1 001 yellowfin tuna fishes were collected throughout the year of 2012 from the coast of Nagapattinam (10°45' 36.25" N and 79°50' 59.54" E), Tamil Nadu, India. The collected fishes wer...

Helena B. Pavese, and Fernando L. Souza, and Fernando V. B. Goulart, and Maurício E. Graipel

In order to analyze Micoureus paraguayanus population structure in function of the seasonality and habitats in disturbed forest fragments, a study was carried out on three forest fragments with differences in size, isolation and degrees of deforestation in a lowland Atlantic coastal forest, on Santa Catarina Island. Thirty traps were installed on the ground, under story and canopy in each fragment, resulting in a sample size of 3,240 trap-nights. After 12 months’ fieldwork between January and De...

Xiaoqiang eYang, and Xuechao ePeng, and Xiaoke eQiang, and Niu eLi, and Qixian eZhou, and Wang eYuejun

The level of chemical weathering is strongly affected by climate. We presented magnetic properties associated with element ratios from the northern part of the South China Sea to denote links between chemical weathering intensity and monsoon changes in the previous 90,000 years. The magnetic parameter IRMAF80mT/SIRM, representing the variations of high coercivity minerals in marine sediments accompanied with the Al2O3/TiO2 and the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), demonstrates strong chemical ...

Emily G. Lim, and Christopher D.G. Harley

Ocean acidification (OA) is one of the most significant threats to marine life, and is predicted to drive important changes in marine communities. Although OA impacts will be the sum of direct effects mediated by alterations of physiological rates and indirect effects mediated by shifts in species interactions and biogenic habitat provision, direct and indirect effects are rarely considered together for any given species. Here, we assess the potential direct and indirect effects of OA on a ubiqu...

Ratinder Jhaj, and Shweta Sharma, and Mohammed Sabir, and Arun Kokane

Introduction: Altered pharmacokinetics of antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs due to interaction with non-TB medications or concomitant diseases may lead to suboptimal plasma levels of the affected drugs and hence contribute to the emergence of drug resistance in mycobacteria. Yet, few studies have investigated the prevalence of concomitant drug intake or concurrent diseases in patients on anti-TB therapy (ATT). The objective of this study is to study the prevalence of concomitant diseases and inta...

Karthikeyan Mahalingam, and Abadh Kumar Chaurasia, and Lakshminarayanan Gowtham, and Shikha Gupta, and Bindu I Somarajan, and Thirumurthy Velpandian, and Ramanjit Sihota, and Viney Gupta

Purpose: Oral valproic acid (VPA) used as an anticonvulsant has been shown to improve contrast threshold sensitivities in patients receiving it on long-term. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oral VPA in improving visual function in eyes with advanced stage glaucoma. Methods: In this prospective randomized study, 31 patients (n = 31 eyes) with advanced stage glaucoma (with an intraocular pressure <16 mmHg) in at least one eye received oral VPA 500 mg once a day for 3 months and 33 pat...

Zhao Wenzhi, and Hu Suyun, and Liu Wei, and Wang Tongshan, and Li Yongxin

Deep marine carbonate rocks have become one of the key targets of onshore oil and gas exploration and development for reserves replacement in China. Further geological researches of such rocks may practically facilitate the sustainable, steady and smooth development of the petroleum industry in the country. Therefore, through a deep investigation into the fundamental geological conditions of deep marine carbonate reservoirs, we found higher-than-expected resource potential therein, which may unc...

D. P. Keller, and A. Oschlies, and M. Eby

Earth System Climate Models (ESCMs) are valuable tools that can be used to gain a better understanding of the climate system, global biogeochemical cycles and how anthropogenically-driven changes may affect them. Here we describe improvements made to the marine biogeochemical ecosystem component of the University of Victoria's ESCM (version 2.9). Major changes include corrections to the code and equations describing phytoplankton light limitation and zooplankton grazing, the implementation of a ...

Ana Paula Pessim Oliveira, and Bruno José Rodrigues Alves, and Lúcia Helena Cunha dos Anjos, and Eduardo Lima, and Everaldo Zonta, and Willian Pereira, and Paula Fernanda Chaves Soares

ABSTRACT The recent approach of eliminating the usage of fire for sugarcane harvesting resulted in managing the crop on a trashblanketed soil, to which a proper recommendation of N fertilization is lacking, a problem that remains in the coastal tablelands of the Espírito Santo State, Brazil. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of increasing N rates on stalk and sugar yields and the N use efficiency by the crop. The experimental area planted with sugarcane, at the first ratoon, is located i...

Buket Özdemir Işık, and Öner Demirel

The size of the areal use in planning allows for increase in recreational diversity. When considered that recreational needs are the times that people spend to make use of their spare time, it is obvious that the decisions taken based on the user will lead the planner to more accurate planning targets. While determining the recreational planning decisions, decisions should be evaluated in an integrated approach and in accordance with the requests and demands of users. This study aimed at taking ...

Egberts A, and Mattace-Raso FUS

Angelique Egberts, Francesco US Mattace-Raso Section of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Aim: Delirium is a common and severe complication among older hospitalized patients. The pathophysiology is poorly understood, but it has been suggested that inflammation and oxidative stress may play a role. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate levels of the neutrophil&ndash;lymphocyte ratio (NLR) &ndash; a marker ...

Adinan Alves da Silva, and Juraci Alves de Oliveira, and Fernanda Vidal de Campos, and Cleberson Ribeiro, and Fernanda dos Santos Farnese

ABSTRACT In many plant species, tolerance to toxic metals is highly dependent on glutathione, an essential metabolite for cellular detoxification. We evaluated the responses of glutathione metabolism to arsenite (AsIII) in Salvinia molesta, an aquatic fern that has unexplored phytoremediation potential. Plants were exposed to different AsIII concentrations in nutrient solution for 24 h. AsIII caused cell membrane damage to submerged leaves, indicating oxidative stress. There was an increase in t...

Sérgio Makrakis, and Maristela Cavicchioli Makrakis, and Ricardo Luiz Wagner, and João Henrique Pinheiro Dias, and Luiz Carlos Gomes

Utilization of the fish ladder installed at the Engenheiro Sergio Motta Dam (also known as Porto Primavera) on the Paraná River, Southern Brazil, by long-distance migrating potamodromous species (sampling Protocol I), and ascending and descending movements (Protocol II) were evaluated. Three pools along the fish ladder (designated as lower, middle, and upper) were sampled monthly between December, 2004 and March, 2005 to determine the abundance of species in the ladder. The ascending and descend...

Gabriela Kuriplachová, and Dagmar Magurová, and Ľudmila Majerníková, and Anna Hudáková, and Lucia Kendrová, and Pavol Nechvátal

Background: The profile of the nursing studies in Slovakia is harmonized with the criteria of European Directives, enhanced by the adoption of the Declaration of Munich and implemented into the curriculum of educational institutions that provide this traning. Objective: The main objective of the pilot study was to determinate satisfaction of graduates with accredited programs of nursing (prior to the accreditation and after accreditation) at two state universities in the eastern region of Slovak...

Raffaele Marrone, and Celestina Mascolo, and Giuseppe Palma, and Giorgio Smaldone, and Mariagrazia Girasole, and Aniello Anastasio

The use of carbon monoxide (CO) in fresh fish has generated considerable debate. Carbon monoxide is used to treat fresh fish in order to retain its <em>fresh</em> red appearance for a longer period. It reacts with the oxy-myoglobin to form a fairly stable cherry red carboxy-myoglobin complex that may mask spoilage, because the CO-complex can be stable beyond the microbiological shelf life of the meat. The presence of CO in tuna fish (<em>Thunnus Albacares</em>) has been investigated by means of ...

Andreea Dudu, and Teodora Barbalata, and Gina Oana Popa, and Sergiu Emil Georgescu, and Marieta Costache

DNA barcoding aims to be an effective tool for species identification based on partial sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene (CO I). The method offers several advantages like small amount of biological samples needed, applicability for all life stages and differentiation among phenotypically alike species. Our study aimed at barcoding economically and ecologically important salmonids. The sequences were determined by using specific primers when the so-call universal primers f...

José Neto, and José Neto, and David Abecasis, and David Abecasis

Cleaning behaviour was recently described for the omnivorous species Diplodus sargus. Although previous studies have reported the existence of ectoparasites in the stomach contents of some individuals this commercially important fish was never considered a cleaner species. Here we make the first characterization of this behaviour based on field observations. This behaviour was exclusively performed by juvenile D. sargus and, until now, was only observed in confined or semi-confined areas such as...

C. Bird, and K. F. Darling, and A. D. Russell, and C. V. Davis, and J. Fehrenbacher, and A. Free, and M. Wyman, and B. T. Ngwenya

We investigated the possibility of bacterial symbiosis in <i>Globigerina bulloides</i>, a palaeoceanographically important, planktonic foraminifer. This marine protist is commonly used in micropalaeontological investigations of climatically sensitive subpolar and temperate water masses as well as wind-driven upwelling regions of the world's oceans. <i>G. bulloides</i> is unusual because it lacks the protist algal symbionts that are often found in other spinose species. In addition, it has a larg...

Han-Hyuk Lim, and Haiqing Yi, and Takashi K. Kishimoto, and Fengqin Gao, and Baodong Sun, and Priya S. Kishnani

A major obstacle to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with recombinant human acid-α-glucosidase (rhGAA) for Pompe disease is the development of high titers of anti-rhGAA antibodies in a subset of patients, which often leads to a loss of treatment efficacy. In an effort to induce sustained immune tolerance to rhGAA, we supplemented the rhGAA therapy with a weekly intravenous injection of synthetic vaccine particles carrying rapamycin (SVP-Rapa) during the first 3 weeks of a 12-week course of ERT i...

Francesc Pagès, and Per Flood, and Marsh Youngbluth

A systematic account is provided of the siphonophores, medusae, ctenophores, molluscs and salps net-collected in basins of the Gulf of Maine and adjacent canyons during three cruises carried out in September 2002, 2003 and 2004. We describe the siphonophore Lensia quadriculata sp. nov. and the hydroidomedusae Jeanbouillonia maserati gen. nov. et sp. nov., the latter is the first member of the new family Jeanbouilloniidae. New observations are made about the morphology and/or systematics of the s...

Carlos Spano, and Verónica Flores

Many of the characteristics used in sea anemone taxonomy can only be examined through histological sections. Since there is no standardized procedure for this purpose, various anesthesia and fixation techniques applied to specimens of the intertidal species Anthopleura hermaphroditica and Bunodactis hermafroditica are discussed. Additionally, further modifications are proposed to the Masson's trichrome method according to the results obtained on these species. The combined effect of the short ap...

Neura BRAGAGNOLO, and Délia RODRIGUEZ-AMAYA

A produção de camarões no Brasil é expressiva com condições propícias para expansão. Apesar de ser bem apreciado em termos culinários e ser uma fonte rica de proteínas, o camarão é apontado como um alimento de alto conteúdo de colesterol. Considerando que o nível de colesterol sangüíneo humano é dependente não só do teor de colesterol, mas também da quantidade de gordura e do tipo de ácidos graxos na dieta, um estudo integrado destes três constituintes foi realizado em camarão rosa (Penaeus bras...

H.F. Santos, and F.L. Carmo, and D.C.A. Leite, and H.E. Jesus, and P. De Carvalho Maalouf, and C. Almeida, and A.U. Soriano, and D. Altomari, and L. Suhett, and V. Vólaro, and E. Valoni, and M. Francisco, and J. Vieira, and R. Rocha, and B.L. Sardinha, and L.B. Mendes, and R.R. João, and B. Lacava, and R.F. Jesus, and G.V. Sebastian, and A. Pessoa, and J.D. van Elsas, and R.P. Rezende, and D.O. Pires, and G. Duarte, and C.B. Castro, and A.S. Rosado, and R.S. Peixoto

This study aimed to test different protocols for the extraction of microbial DNA from the coral Mussismilia harttii. Four different commercial kits were tested, three of them based on methods for DNA extraction from soil (FastDNA SPIN Kit for soil, MP Bio, PowerSoil DNA Isolation Kit, MoBio, and ZR Soil Microbe DNA Kit, Zymo Research) and one kit for DNA extraction from plants (UltraClean Plant DNA Isolation Kit, MoBio). Five polyps of the same colony of M. harttii were macerated and aliquots we...

José Marcelo Rocha Aranha, and Érica Pellegrini Caramaschi

<abstract language="eng">The population structure, reproductive aspects and feeding of Phalloceros caudimaculatus (Hensel, 1868), Poecilia vivipara Bloch & Schneider (1801), Phalloptychus januarius (Hensel, 1868) e Jenynsia lineata (Jenyns, 1842) were studied in five sampling stations in the Ubatiba stream, municipality of Maricá (State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). In relation to the population structure, P. caudimaculatus was more representative upstream; P. vivipara mid-stream and downstream; P...

Raquel Rothleder Adaime

São apresentadas medidas do "standing-crop" e do peso de Spartina alterniflora em um "salt-marsh" de Cananéia. O "standing-crop" foi de 816 ± 187 g de peso seco/m-2 ou 699 ± 164 g peso orgânico/m-2 no pico da estação de crescimento. Em uma área desnudada, o crescimento máximo observado ocorreu em julho, quando a Spartina atingiu 130 cm. A primavera, o verão e o inverno foram, respectivamente, o inicio, o pico e o fim da estação de crescimento. Cinzas, Mg, Ca e Fe tiveram concentração maior em Sp...

Paulo J. P. Santos, and Mônica L. Botter-Carvalho, and Ananias B. do Nascimento-Júnior, and Raquel G. C. Marinho, and Paulo V. V. C. Carvalho, and Ana P. M. C. Valença

In situ application of inorganic fertilizer was used to simulate environmental eutrophication associated with the sugar cane monoculture. Meiofauna community structure is herein used to assess this experimental impact. Nine quadrangular areas (4m² each) were randomly defined in the midlittoral estuarine area. Three of these areas received a high dose of sugar cane fertilizer (375 g/m² Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium), three areas received a low dose of the fertilizer (187.5 g/m²) and the other thr...

Benjamin D. Leibowicz, and Dorian S. Abbot, and Kerry Emanuel, and Eli Tziperman

A positive feedback on winter sea-ice loss, based on warming due to radiative forcing caused by the onset of convective clouds in response to sea-ice loss, has recently been proposed. This feedback has thus far been investigated using a hierarchy of climate models in high CO2 scenarios. This paper examines the possibility that such feedback may be active within present-day like Arctic variability, using model output from two reanalysis models. It is emphasized that Arctic surface fluxes, radiati...

X. Zheng, and B. Albrecht, and H. H. Jonsson, and D. Khelif, and G. Feingold, and P. Minnis, and K. Ayers, and P. Chuang, and S. Donaher, and D. Rossiter, and V. Ghate, and J. Ruiz-Plancarte, and S. Sun-Mack

Aircraft observations made off the coast of northern Chile in the Southeastern Pacific (20° S, 72° W; named Point Alpha) from 16 October to 13 November 2008 during the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud- Atmosphere-Land Study-Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx), combined with meteorological reanalysis, satellite measurements, and radiosonde data, are used to investigate the boundary layer (BL) and aerosol-cloud-drizzle variations in this region. On days without predominately synoptic and meso-scale influences, the ...

Berna Kılınç

Dileep Nag Vinnakota, and Krishna Chaitanya Kanneganti, and Mahesh Pulagam, and Gopala Krishna Keerthi

Purpose: To hypothesize a new theory based on soft tissue reference points on lateral profile photographs (LPPs) for determining the vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO), as there is need to explore for simple strategies. Materials and Methods: Fifty-three participants in the age range of 20–27 years who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. LPPs were taken for all participants using standard protocol and duplicate copies obtained, on which five soft tissue reference points, nasion (Stn), ...

Md. Istiaque Hossain, and Rajia Sultana, and Murshida Khatun

Objective: To understand the existing fish distribution and marketing systems, assess marketing costs and margins and identify constraints of fish marketing systems. Methods: Data were collected from three different markets by fishermen, commission agents, wholesalers, retailers, day laborers etc. through questionnaire interviews and participatory approach during June to September, 2013. Results: Four types of marketing channel were identified from farmers to consumers in all the three fis...

Fatih Perçin, and T. Tansel Tanrıkul

Kateřina Sukačová, and Jan Červený

Eutrophication of water by nutrient pollution is a global environmental issue. Biological methods for removing nutrients are environmentally friendly and sustainable. Therefore, this article summarizes main trends in the use of algae for removing nutrients from wastewater using both suspended and attached algal-based systems. A wide variety of algal species and experimental approaches has been tested to date. Researchers report that algae are able to effectively remove a variety of pollutants an...

Berna Kılınç, and Şükran Çaklı

Friedrich Kupka, and Martin Losch, and Florian Zaussinger, and Thomas Zweigle

Fluid stratified by gravitation can be subject to a number of instabilities which eventually lead to a flow that causes enhanced mixing and transport of heat. The special case where a destabilizing temperature gradient counteracts the action of a stabilizing gradient in molecular weight is of interest to astrophysics (inside stars and giant planets) and geophysics (lakes, oceans) as well as to some engineering applications. The detailed dynamics of such a system depend on the molecular diffusivi...

Antonio Costantini, and Roberto Fancellu

許籐繼 Terng-Ji Sheu

本研究旨在建構國民小學教師海洋教育能力指標及權重體系，為達成前述之目的，採用專家座談（panel discussion）、德懷術（Delphi technique）、層級分析（analytic hierarchy process,AHP）等方法。專家座談邀請11位專家，討論與修正指標初稿。其次，邀請18位德懷術專家成員，進行多回合的問卷調查，直到達成共識為止。第三，根據所形成的能力指標設計相對權重調查問卷，針對18位專家進行指標相對權重的調查。主要研究發現有二：一、完成國民小學教師海洋教育能力指標之建構，共計四層面十二向度與四十一細項指標；二、建立四層面十二向度與四十一細項指標之相對權重體系。最後，據以提出研究結論和建議，供實施海洋教育相關機構、人員和未來進一步研究之參考。 The purpose of this study was to construct the competence indicators and a weight system for teachers implementing marine education into elementary schools. ...

C. Seabird McKeon, and Björn G. Tunberg, and Cora A. Johnston, and Daniel J. Barshis

Community composition of the infaunal bivalve fauna of the St. Lucie Estuary and southern Indian River Lagoon, eastern Florida was sampled quarterly for 10 years as part of a long-term benthic monitoring program. A total of 38,514 bivalves of 137 taxa were collected and identified. We utilized this data, along with sediment samples and environmental measurements gathered concurrently, to assess the community composition, distribution, and ecological drivers of the infaunal bivalves of this estua...

Elena Martinez-Garcia, and Victoria Fernandez-Gonzalez, and Felipe Aguado-Giménez, and José Luis Sánchez-Lizaso, and Pablo Sanchez-Jerez

The Spanish National Advisory Board of Mariculture (JACUMAR) developed an initiative to unify methodologies between the regions of Spain, in which they proposed the implementation of site-specific “Environmental Monitoring Plans” (EMPs). In this study, we tested the feasibility of an EMP on a fish farm in the Mediterranean Sea. The methods and tools proposed in the EMP are highly useful for environmental monitoring of aquaculture. However, spatial heterogeneity figured prominently in a univariat...

Keith M. Bayha, and Allen G. Collins, and Patrick M. Gaffney

Background Species of the scyphozoan family Pelagiidae (e.g., Pelagia noctiluca, Chrysaora quinquecirrha) are well-known for impacting fisheries, aquaculture, and tourism, especially for the painful sting they can inflict on swimmers. However, historical taxonomic uncertainty at the genus (e.g., new genus Mawia) and species levels hinders progress in studying their biology and evolutionary adaptations that make them nuisance species, as well as ability to understand and/or mitigate their ecologi...

Jennifer Miller, and Michael J. Sweet, and Elizabeth Wood, and John Bythell

Two of the most significant threats to coral reefs worldwide are bleaching and disease. However, there has been a scarcity of research on coral disease in South-East Asia, despite the high biodiversity and the strong dependence of local communities on the reefs in the region. This study provides baseline data on coral disease frequencies within three national parks in Sabah, Borneo, which exhibit different levels of human impacts and management histories. High mean coral cover (55%) and variable...

G. Arratia, and H.-P. Schultze

A new neopterygian fish, <i>Voelklichthys comitatus</i> n. gen. n. sp., is described. The fish was found during the preparation of the theropod <i>Juravenator starki</i> Göhlich & Chiappe, 2006 in the same rock. The fish possesses numerous autapomorphies. The combination of autapomorphies is unique among Jurassic fishes and makes its taxonomic assignment difficult. The following characters are few examples demonstrating some of the peculiarities of the fish: The fish is small, oblong-shaped and ...

Y. Takeshita, and C. A. Frieder, and T. R. Martz, and J. R. Ballard, and R. A. Feely, and S. Kram, and S. Nam, and M. O. Navarro, and N. N. Price, and J. E. Smith

Assessing the impacts of anthropogenic ocean acidification requires knowledge of present-day and future environmental conditions. Here, we present a simple model for upwelling margins that projects anthropogenic acidification trajectories by combining high-temporal-resolution sensor data, hydrographic surveys for source water characterization, empirical relationships of the CO₂ system, and the atmospheric CO₂ record. This model characterizes CO₂ variability on ti...

Marie-Mathilde Perrineau, and Dana C. Price, and Georg Mohr, and Debashish Bhattacharya

Group II introns are closely linked to eukaryote evolution because nuclear spliceosomal introns and the small RNAs associated with the spliceosome are thought to trace their ancient origins to these mobile elements. Therefore, elucidating how group II introns move, and how they lose mobility can potentially shed light on fundamental aspects of eukaryote biology. To this end, we studied five strains of the unicellular red alga Porphyridium purpureum that surprisingly contain 42 group II introns i...

Zepf FD, and Rao P, and Runions K, and Stewart RM, and Moore JK, and Wong JWY, and Linden M, and Sungurtekin I, and Glass F, and Gut L, and Peetz D, and Hintereder G, and Schaab M, and Poustka F, and Wöckel L

Florian D Zepf,1,2 Pradeep Rao,1,3 Kevin Runions,3,4 Richard M Stewart,1 Julia K Moore,1,5 Janice WY Wong,1,4 Maike Linden,1,2,6 Idil Sungurtekin,7 Franziska Glass,8 Linda Gut,8 Dirk Peetz,9,10 Gudrun Hintereder,11 Michael Schaab,12 Fritz Poustka,8 Lars W&ouml;ckel8,13 1Centre and Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Western Australia, 2Specialised Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), Department of Health in Western Austr...

Víctor Espinosa, and Lucio Calise, and Vicent D. Estruch, and Susana Llorens, and Patricia Ordoñez, and Isabel Pérez-Arjona, and Vicent Puig, and Ester Soliveres

L’acustica è alla base delle più importanti tecnologie nelle telecomunicazioni subacquee, nonché nel rilevamento e nella determinazione dei target acustici nei mezzi acquatici. Le misure a multi-frequenza sono lo strumento principale per l’identificazione selettiva delle specie marine e per la pesca sostenibile. Lo sviluppo di sistemi a larga banda larga e le tecniche basate su sonar multi-beam costituiscono l'attuale sfida per gli scienziati e gli sviluppatori. Al contempo, sistemi più semplici...

J. Olafsson, and S. R. Olafsdottir, and A. Benoit-Cattin, and T. Takahashi

This paper describes the ways and means of assembling and quality controling the Irminger Sea and Iceland Sea time-series biogeochemical data which are included in the CARINA data set. The Irminger Sea and the Iceland Sea are hydrographically different regions where measurements of sea water carbon and nutrient chemistry were started in 1983. The sampling is seasonal, four times a year. The carbon chemistry is studied with measurements of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in seawater, <i>p<...