R. M. Lieb-Lappen, and R. W. Obbard

It is well known that during polar springtime halide sea salt ions, in particular Br^-, are photochemically activated into reactive halogen species (e.g., Br and BrO), where they break down tropospheric ozone. This research investigated the role of blowing snow in transporting salts from the sea ice/snow surface into reactive bromine species in the air. At two different locations over first-year ice in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, collection baskets captured blowing snow at different heig...

W. Ning, and W. Ning, and J. Tang, and J. Tang, and J. Tang, and H. L. Filipsson

We analysed the long-term variations in grain-size distribution in sediments from Gåsfjärden, a fjord-like inlet in the southwestern Baltic Sea, and explored potential drivers of the recorded changes in the sediment grain-size data. Over the last 5.4 thousand years (ky) in the study region, the relative sea level decreased 17 m, which was caused by isostatic land uplift. As a consequence, Gåsfjärden was transformed from an open coastal setting to a semi-closed inlet surrounded by numerous ...

Salman Ahmady-Asbchin, and Naser Jafari, and Naser Jafari

One of the effective methods for the separation and recovery of heavy metals from aqueous solutions is the use of biosorbents. This study investigated the use of brown algae Cystoseira indica for removal of nickel ions from aqueous solution. In this study, adsorption isotherms and Kinetic nickel ions by algae in a batch reactor was studied. Brown algae were collected from the Coast of Oman Sea in Chabahar. This study showed that for nickel (II) uptakes, equilibrium time was about 120 minutes and...

Valeria eManera, and Pierre-David ePetit, and Alexandre eDerreumaux, and Ivan eOrvieto, and Matteo eRomagnoli, and Graham eLyttle, and Renaud eDavid, and Renaud eDavid, and Philippe eRobert, and Philippe eRobert

Recently there has been a growing interest in employing serious games for the assessment and rehabilitation of elderly people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related disorders. In the present study we examined the acceptability of ‘Kitchen and cooking’ - a serious game developed in the context of the EU project VERVE (http://www.verveconsortium.eu/) - in these populations. In this game a cooking plot is employed to assess and stimulate executive functions (such...

S. Kim, and W. Nam, and H. Ahn, and T. Kim, and J.-H. Heo

Recently, the evidences of climate change have been observed in hydrologic data such as rainfall and flow data. The time-dependent characteristics of statistics in hydrologic data are widely defined as nonstationarity. Therefore, various nonstationary GEV and generalized Pareto models have been suggested for frequency analysis of nonstationary annual maximum and POT (peak-over-threshold) data, respectively. However, the alternative models are required for nonstatinoary frequency analysis b...

Laura Uusitalo, and Hugues Blanchet, and Hugues Blanchet, and Jesper H. Andersen, and Olivier Beauchard, and Torsten Berg, and Silvia Bianchelli, and Annalucia Cantafaro, and Jacob Carstensen, and Laura Carugati, and Sabine Cochrane, and Sabine Cochrane, and Roberto Danovaro, and Roberto Danovaro, and Anna-Stiina Heiskanen, and Ville Karvinen, and Snejana Moncheva, and Ciarán Murray, and Ciarán Murray, and João M. Neto, and Henrik Nygård, and MARIA PANTAZI, and Nadia Papadopoulou, and Nomiki Simboura, and Greta Srėbalienė, and Maria C Uyarra, and Angel Borja

The Marine Strategy Framework Directive requires the environmental status of European marine waters to be assessed using biodiversity as one out of 11 descriptors, but the complexity of marine biodiversity and its large span across latitudinal and salinity gradients have been a challenge to the scientific community aiming to produce approaches for integrating information from a broad range of indicators. The Nested Environmental status Assessment Tool (NEAT), developed for the integrated assessm...

Maria Anna Coniglio, and Enza Sidoti, and Sarina Pignato, and Giuseppe Giammarco, and Marina Marranzano

<p><strong>Background</strong>: despite growing interest in Internet addiction disorder (Iad) among the high school population, very little is known about the potential risks of the use of the Internet for university students. The present survey aimed to collect information on Internet usage patterns in a group of Italian university students.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: the sample comprised 600 Italian university students enrolled in various faculties, in two different universities: catania ...

Mohamad Amin Pourhoseingholi, and Yadolah Mehrabi, and Hamid Alavi-Majd, and Parvin Yavari

<p><strong>Background</strong>: Logistic regression is one of the most widely used models to analyze the relation between one or more explanatory variables and a categorical response in the field of epidemiology, health and medicine. When there is strong correlation among explanatory variables, i.e.multicollinearity, the efficiency of model reduces considerably. The objective of this research was to employ latent variables to reduce the effect of multicollinearity in analysis of a case-control s...

Pierluigi Viaroli, and Roberta Azzoni, and Marco Bartoli, and Gianmarco Giordani, and Mariachiara Naldi, and Daniele Nizzoli

Coastal lagoons are threatened by natural and anthropogenic factors that have been accelerated in the last decades, with detrimental effects on ecosystem and water quality, especially in sheltered systems. Eutrophication, macroalgal blooms, hypoxia and anoxia are among the main threats, which also impact on human activities, e.g. aquaculture and fishery. Study were performed from late 1980s to date in several Mediterranean lagoons, mainly in the Po river delta, in order to elucidate the main cau...

A. Schmittner, and G. D. Egbert

Two modifications to an existing scheme of tidal mixing are implemented in the coarse resolution ocean component of a global climate model. First, the vertical distribution of energy flux out of the barotropic tide is determined using high resolution bathymetry. This shifts the levels of mixing higher up in the water column and leads to a stronger mid-depth meridional overturning circulation in the model. Second, the local dissipation efficiency for diurnal tides is assumed to be larger than tha...

Sunho Park, and Se Wan Park, and Shin Hyung Rhee, and Sang Bong Lee, and Jung-Eun Choi, and Seon Hyung Kang

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, dubbed SNUFOAM, was developed to predict the performance of ship resistance using a CFD tool kit with open source libraries. SNUFOAM is based on a pressure-based cell-centered finite volume method and includes a turbulence model with wall functions. The mesh sensitivity, such as the skewness and aspect ratio, was evaluated for the convergence. Two wall functions were tested to solve the turbulent flow around a ship, and the one without the assumption of...

Most Habiba Ferdaushy, and Mohammad Manjurul Alam

The research carried out the length-length relationships (LLR), length-weight relationship (LWR) and condition factor of nine freshwater small indigenous species viz. G. giuris, E. Danricus, M. pancalus, L. guntea, C. fasciatus, P. sophore, H.  Fossilis, C.  punctatus and M. cavasius from the waterbodies of Nageshwari, Bangladesh. Relationships among different body lenght parameters of each species were found highly significant with all “r” values being >0.900. LWRs were obtained on the form of ...

Rajinder eGupta, and Shrikant S Mantri

C. Heinze, and B. A. A. Hoogakker, and A. Winguth

What role did changes in marine carbon cycle processes and calcareous organisms play in glacial–interglacial variation in atmospheric <i>p</i>CO₂? In order to answer this question, we explore results from an ocean biogeochemical general circulation model. We attempt to systematically reconcile model results with time-dependent sediment core data from the observations. For this purpose, we fit simulated sensitivities of oceanic tracer concentrations to changes in governing carbon cycle...

R. H. Rhodes, and X. Yang, and E. W. Wolff, and J. R. McConnell, and M. M. Frey

Growing evidence suggests that the sea ice surface is an important source of sea salt aerosol and this has significant implications for polar climate and atmospheric chemistry. It also suggests the potential to use ice core sea salt records as proxies for past sea ice extent. To explore this possibility in the Arctic region, we use a chemical transport model to track the emission, transport, and deposition of sea salt from both the open ocean and the sea ice, allowing us to assess the rela...

James L. O’Donnell, and Ryan P. Kelly, and Andrew Olaf Shelton, and Jameal F. Samhouri, and Natalie C. Lowell, and Gregory D. Williams

In the face of increasing threats to biodiversity, the advancement of methods for surveying biological communities is a major priority for ecologists. Recent advances in molecular biological technologies have made it possible to detect and sequence DNA from environmental samples (environmental DNA or eDNA); however, eDNA techniques have not yet seen widespread adoption as a routine method for biological surveillance primarily due to gaps in our understanding of the dynamics of eDNA in space and ...

Adriana Amaral, and Larissa Tassinari

No presente artigo observamos um caso peculiar de fandom transcultural: os fãs brasileiros do pop coreano, chamado K-POP. Através da análise das práticas de Shipping (torcidas por casais preferidos dos fãs) de grupos musicais configuradas na observação empírica de quatro casos escolhidos através de fanpages do Facebook, discutimos diferenças e semelhanças nas apropriações culturais de fãs brasileiros em relação aos coreanos a partir de seus comportamentos. Dentre os resultados iniciais, há a con...

Till Roethig, and Ruben Martins Costa, and Fabia Simona, and Sebastian Baumgarten, and Ana Flor Torres, and Anand Radhakrishnan, and Manuel Ignacio Aranda Lastra, and Christian Robert Voolstra

Coral reefs are in decline. The basic functional unit of coral reefs is the coral metaorganism or holobiont consisting of the cnidarian host animal, symbiotic algae of the genus Symbiodinium, and a specific consortium of bacteria (among others), but research is slow due to the difficulty of working with corals. Aiptasia has proven a tractable model system to elucidate the intricacies of cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbioses, but characterization of the associated bacterial microbiome and the underl...

Camila Murussi, and Roberta Cattaneo Horn, and Adriana Santi, and Barbara Estevão Clasen, and Gabriel Reis, and Daniela Souza, and Josiane Woutheres Bortolotto, and Candida Elisa Manfio, and Vania Lucia Loro

Agricultural practices are directly related to the use of pesticides, which indiscriminately and without due care may contribute to the occurrence of numerous intoxications. Several studies have demonstrated the relationship of certain pesticides and the occurrence of oxidative stress and therefore, in recent years have developed methods of analysis of several biomarkers of cellular damage that can be measured and quantified. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the possi...

Alberto Soares de Melo, and Lafayette Franco Sobral, and Pedro Dantas Fernandes, and Marcos Eric Barbosa Brito, and Pedro Roberto Almeida Viégas

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se estudar os efeitos de doses de nitrogênio e potássio via água de irrigação, sobre o tempo de colheita, componentes da produção: número de pencas, número de frutos pencas-1, número de frutos cacho-1 e massa do cacho planta-1, e lucratividade da bananeira Prata-Anã em tabuleiros costeiros do Estado de Sergipe. O experimento foi conduzido no campo, utilizando um arranjo fatorial 4x4 com quatro blocos casualizados, na Estação Experimental da Universidade Federal de Sergi...

Casimiro Quiñonez-Velázquez, and Juan Ramón López-Olmos

Otolith micro structure was used to determine the age and evaluate the growth of juvenile white mullet (Mugil curema) during their residence in the coastal lagoon El Conchalito, B.C.S., Mexico, from May 1997 to May 1998. Juveniles were sampled monthly during the full and ebbing phases of the maximum high tide. The juveniles studied were between 16 and 42 mm standard length (SL) and from 22 to 109 days old. The Gompertz growth model appropriately described the relationship between age and SL (r =...

Unnikrishnan B, and Mithra Prasanna, and Rekha T, and Reshmi B

<b>Objective:</b> To assess the awareness and attitude of the general public toward people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Mangalore, a city in Coastal Karnataka. <b>Design:</b> Community-based cross-sectional study. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The study population included 630 individuals aged 18 years and above. The information was collected using a semi structured pre-tested questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 24 questions regarding awareness of the modes of transmission of HIV/AI...

Shinmei I, and Kobayashi K, and Oe Y, and Takagishi Y, and Kanie A, and Ito M, and Takebayashi Y, and Murata M, and Horikoshi M, and Dobkin RD

Issei Shinmei,1,2 Kei Kobayashi,3 Yuki Oe,1 Yuriko Takagishi,1,4 Ayako Kanie,1 Masaya Ito,1 Yoshitake Takebayashi,1,5 Miho Murata,3 Masaru Horikoshi,1 Roseanne D Dobkin6 1National Center for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; 2Department of Neuropsychiatry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan; 3Department of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatr...

M. F. Khairoutdinov, and C.-E. Yang

The study attempts to evaluate the aerosol indirect effects over tropical oceans in regions of deep convection applying a three-dimensional cloud-resolving model run over a doubly-periodic domain. The Tropics are modelled using a radiative-convective equilibrium idealisation when the radiation, turbulence, cloud microphysics and surface fluxes are explicitly represented while the effects of large-scale circulation are ignored. The aerosol effects are modelled by varying the number concentration ...

Jeremy Federman, and Christon Duhon

Introduction: The viability of hearing protection device (HPD) verification (i.e., fit-testing) on a large scale was investigated to address this gap in a military accession environment. Materials and Methods: Personal Attenuation Ratings (PARs) following self-fitted (SELF-Fit) HPDs were acquired from 320 US Marine Corps training recruits (87.5% male, 12.5% female) across four test protocols (1-, 3-, 5-, and 7- frequency). SELF-Fit failures received follow-up to assess potential causes. Follow-u...

Giselle Cristina Silva, and Renata Albuquerque-Costa, and Jackson R Oliveira-Peixoto, and Fernando E Pessoa-Nascimento, and Pedro B de Macedo-Carneiro, and Regine H Silva dos Fernandes-Vieira

The antibacterial activity of ethanol, methanol, hexane and acetone-based extracts of the macroalgae Padina gymnospora (PG), Hypnea musciformes (HM), Ulva fasciata (UF) and Caulerpa prolifera (CP) was investigated. The disk diffusion method was used to evaluate the algae antimicrobial effect against standard strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica and five virulent antibiotic-resistant strains of V. brasiliensis,...

Carlos Eduardo Sgnirini, and Fernando S. Torres, and Roberto Goitein

<em>Narcine brasiliensis Olfers</em> e <em>Rhinobatos horkelli</em> vivem em águas costeiras próximas ao fundo, sendo encontradas nos mesmos locais. Essas espécies foram estudadas quanto à alimentação e algumas medidas corpóreas como altura e largura relativas do corpo e largura relativa da boca. Os resultados revelaram diferenças significativas na composição de seus conteúdos estomacais. <em>N. brasiliensis</em> alimenta-se principalmente de crustáceos e poliquetos fossoriais, enquanto <em>R. h...

Denize Adrião

The resort and tourist activity in the city of Salinópolis, Salgado Region of Pará, has brought a lout important transformation in the social and spatial organization of the place, through an accelerated valorization and land speculation in second residences (summer residences) of people on vacation and tourists. The local population, composed of traditional fishermen and small rural producers, in front of the tourist invasion process, preferring works as housekeepers in summerhouses incorporati...

Z. Wang, and Z. An, and S. Gao, and J. Cao, and K. Kawamura, and M. Xie, and S. Hu, and G. Wang

Size-segregated (9 stages) <i>n</i>-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and hopanes in the urban (Baoji city in inland China), mountain (Mt. Tai in east coastal China) and marine (Okinawa Island, Japan) atmospheres over East Asia were studied using a GC/MS technique. Ambient concentrations of <i>n</i>-alkanes (1698&plusmn;568 ng m^&minus;3 in winter and 487&plusmn;145 ng m^&minus;3 in spring), PAHs (536&plusmn;80 and 161&plusmn;39 ng m^&minus;3), and ho...

Chairman K, and Ranjit Singh AJA, and Alagumuthu G

Objective: To evaluate the anticancer activity of the crude extracts of Rhabdastrella globostellata (R. globostellata) and Spirastrella inconstans (S. inconstans) var. moeandrina Dendy. Methods: Soxhlet extraction method was used to extract the secondary metabolites and various assays antioxidant, anticancer and various assays were carried out. The extract were tested anticancer activity against a HeLa, Raw 264.7 and Hek-293. Results: The sponge extracts tested exhibited from median to high...

Cristiano R. Moreira, and Flávio C. T. Lima

The arguments for the usage of the names Gnathoplax, Roeboexodon, R. geryi, and R. guyanensis are revised. Based on the literature and museum specimens, we recommend that the neotype of Exodon guyanensis should be considered valid; that the genus Gnathoplax should be considered an objective junior synonym of Roeboexodon; and that Roeboexodon geryi should be considered an objective junior synonym of Exodonguyanensis.

T. J. Burrell, and E. W. Maas, and P. Teesdale-Spittle, and C. S. Law

Bacterial extracellular enzymes play a significant role in the degradation of labile organic matter and nutrient availability in the open ocean. Although bacterial production and extracellular enzymes may be affected by ocean acidification, few studies to date have considered the methodology used to measure enzyme activity and bacterial processes. This study investigated the potential artefacts in determining the response of bacterial growth and extracellular glucosidase and aminopeptidase activ...

F. Abrantes, and P. Cermeno, and C. Lopes, and O. Romero, and L. Matos, and J. Van Iperen, and M. Rufino, and V. Magalhães

Coastal upwelling systems account for approximately half of global ocean primary production and contribute disproportionately to biologically driven carbon sequestration. Diatoms, silica-precipitating microalgae, constitute the dominant phytoplankton in these productive regions, and their abundance and assemblage composition in the sedimentary record is considered one of the best proxies for primary production. The study of the sedimentary diatom abundance (SDA) and total organic carbon content ...

Rosimeire Ribeiro Antonio, and Angelo Antonio Agostinho, and Fernando Mayer Pelicice, and Dayani Bailly, and Edson Kioshi Okada, and João Henrique Pinheiro Dias

The present study explored the interaction between the upriver migration of fish and the blockage of their migration routes by dam construction. Specifically, we studied (i) the capacity of migratory fish to locate alternative routes in the presence of an obstacle, and (ii) the behavior of the fish after they were artificially transferred to the reservoir. With the use of the mark-recapture technique (tagging), the study was carried out near Porto Primavera Dam (UHE Engenheiro Sérgio Motta) betw...

Cristiana eCravo-Laureau, and Robert eDuran

Coastal marine sediments, where important biological processes take place, supply essential ecosystem services. By their location, such ecosystems are particularly exposed to human activities as evidenced by the recent Deepwater Horizon disaster. This catastrophe revealed the importance to better understand the microbial processes involved on hydrocarbon degradation in marine sediments raising strong interests of the scientific community. During the last decade, several studies have shown the ke...

Asa Johannesen, and Alison M. Dunn, and Lesley J. Morrell

Predators use olfactory cues moved within water and air to locate prey. Because prey aggregations may produce more cue and be easier to detect, predation could limit aggregation size. However, disturbance in the flow may diminish the reliability of odour as a prey cue, impeding predator foraging success and efficiency. We explore how different cue concentrations (as a proxy for prey group size) affect risk to prey by fish predators in disturbed (more turbulent or mixed) and non-disturbed (less m...

Djillali Amar Bouzid, and Subhamoy Bhattacharya, and Lalahoum Otsmane

A nonlinear finite element model is developed to examine the lateral behaviors of monopiles, which support offshore wind turbines (OWTs) chosen from five different offshore wind farms in Europe. The simulation is using this model to accurately estimate the natural frequency of these slender structures, as a function of the interaction of the foundations with the subsoil. After a brief introduction to the wind power energy as a reliable alternative in comparison to fossil fuel, the paper focuses ...

Jaime Otero, and Francisco Rocha, and Ángel F. González, and Joaquín Gracia, and Ángel Guerra

The small-scale common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) fishery in Galician waters (NW Spain) was studied using a model based on information obtained from fishers. The Gómez-Muñoz model was applied using information obtained from the artisanal Galician fleet from 1998 to 2000. This information was used to estimate catches per unit of effort (CPUE) and total catch for the whole directed creel fishery. A total of 73 interviews were conducted in 22 ports in the west part of ICES division VIIIc and 75 int...

Leong-Keat eChan, and Leong-Keat eChan, and Ryan J. Newton, and Ryan J. Newton, and Shalabh eSharma, and Christa B. Smith, and Pratibha eRayapati, and Pratibha eRayapati, and Alexander J. Limardo, and Christof eMeile, and Mary Ann eMoran

Marine bacteria drive the biogeochemical processing of oceanic dissolved organic carbon (DOC), a 750-Tg C reservoir that is a critical component of the global C cycle. Catabolism of DOC is thought to be regulated by the biomass composition of heterotrophic bacteria, as cells maintain a C:N:P ratio of ~50:10:1 during DOC processing. Yet a complicating factor in stoichiometry-based analyses is that bacteria can change the C:N:P ratio of their biomass in response to resource composition. We investi...

Florian eMauffrey, and Christine eMartineau, and Richard eVillemur

Methylophaga nitratireducenticrescens JAM1 is the only reported Methylophaga species capable of growing under anaerobic conditions with nitrate as electron acceptor. Its genome encodes a truncated denitrification pathway, which includes two nitrate reductases, Nar1 and Nar2; two nitric oxide reductases, Nor1 and Nor2; and one nitrous oxide reductase, Nos; but no nitrite reductase (NirK or NirS). The transcriptome of strain JAM1 cultivated with nitrate and methanol under anaerobic conditions show...

Michael Domenic Besmer, and Michael Domenic Besmer, and David Gregory Weissbrodt, and David Gregory Weissbrodt, and Bradley Eugene Kratochvil, and Juerg Andreas Sigrist, and Mathias Sebastian Weyland, and Frederik eHammes

Fluorescent staining coupled with flow cytometry (FCM) is often used for the monitoring, quantification and characterization of bacteria in engineered and environmental aquatic ecosystems including seawater, freshwater, drinking water, wastewater, and industrial bioreactors. However, infrequent grab sampling hampers accurate characterization and subsequent understanding of microbial dynamics in all of these ecosystems. A logic technological progression is high throughput and full automation of t...

Somnath Chakraborty, and Upasana Ghosh, and Thangavel Balasubramanian, and Punyabrata Das

Objective: To screen, isolate and optimize anti-white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) drug derived from various marine floral ecosystems and to evaluate the efficacy of the same in host–pathogen interaction model. Methods: Thirty species of marine plants were subjected to Soxhlet extraction using water, ethanol, methanol and hexane as solvents. The 120 plant isolates thus obtained were screened for their in vivo anti-WSSV property in Litopenaeus vannamei. By means of chemical processes, the purified ...

Dimitri Brosens, and Jan Breine, and Gerlinde Van Thuyne, and Claude Belpaire, and Peter Desmet, and Hugo Verreycken

The Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO) has been performing standardized fish stock assessments in Flanders, Belgium. This Flemish Fish Monitoring Network aims to assess fish populations in public waters at regular time intervals in both inland waters and estuaries. This monitoring was set up in support of the Water Framework Directive, the Habitat Directive, the Eel Regulation, the Red List of fishes, fish stock management, biodiversity research, and to assess the colonization and s...

Paolo eMomigliano, and Paolo eMomigliano, and Rob eHarcourt, and Adam eStow

Osamu Matsuda, and Shingo Ishikawa, and Kouichi Kawaguchi, and Hiroki Nishizawa

Observation on the vertical distribution of the sea ice temperature was carried out at a station near Syowa Station. During the monthly observation from September 1984 to January 1985,the thickness of ice varied between 139cm and 155cm. Since the bottom ice temperature resembled the underlying seawater temperature, while the surface ice approached the air temperature, distribution of temperature generally showed a steep gradient across ice. The sea ice temperature at the surface and the bottom v...

Qingcheng Zeng, and Luyan Yang, and Qian Zhang

In this paper, a methodology based on Bayesian Network (BN) was proposed to deal with the difficulty of risk analysis in RoPax transport. Based on data collection and expert survey, BN model for RoPax sailing risk analysis was constructed first. Then the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm for parameter learning and Evidence Prepropagation Importance Sampling (EPIS) algorithm for reasoning were designed. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted. To validate the model algorithms, a case...

K. H. Christensen, and K. H. Christensen, and A. Carrasco, and J.-R. Bidlot, and Ø. Breivik, and Ø. Breivik

In contrast to deep water waves, shallow water waves are influenced by bottom topography, which has consequences for the propagation of wave energy as well as for the energy and momentum exchange between the waves and the mean flow. The ERA-Interim reanalysis is used to assess the fraction of wave energy associated with shallow water waves in coastal regions in Europe. We show maps of the distribution of this fraction as well as time series statistics from eight selected stations. There ...

Tong Zhang, and Julia Diaz, and Caterina Brighi, and Rachel Parsons, and Sean McNally, and Amy Apprill, and Colleen Hansel

The reactive oxygen species (ROS) superoxide has been implicated in both beneficial and detrimental processes in coral biology, ranging from pathogenic disease resistance to coral bleaching. Despite the critical role of ROS in coral health, there is a distinct lack of ROS measurements and thus an incomplete understanding of underpinning ROS sources and production mechanisms within coral systems. Here, we quantified in situ extracellular superoxide concentrations at the surfaces of aquaria-hosted...

Henrique N. Cabral, and Filipe Castro, and Diana Linhares, and Paulo Alexandrino

The genetic differentiation of Solea solea and Solea senegalensis from several estuarine systems along the Portuguese coast was studied. Nine polymorphic isozyme loci (ACP-1*, ACP-2*, GPI-1*, GPI-2*, sMDH*, ME-1*, ME-2*, MPI* and PGM*) were analysed using starch gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. Differentiation between the species was high (mean average Nei distance of 0.93). The most efficient loci in the diagnosis of the two species were ACP-1*, ME-2* and GPI-2*. S. solea showed a ...

Joel E Kostka, and Andreas eTeske, and Samantha B Joye, and Ian M Head