Mehdi Marjani, and hooman Faghihi

Background: ‍Considering the fact that research on the marine products and creatures, in particular coral, has started just in the past decade and more attentions are focused on the benefits of this material, it has been decided to utilize the coral native to Persian Gulf as oral powder to heal tibia bone defect in rabbit. Methods: In this experimental study 18 New Zealander rabbits weighing 2.5-3 kg were categorized randomly in 3 groups (control, oral calcium powder and oral coral powder gr...

Marcos Manuel Domínguez García, and Dainier Rodríguez-Martín

The investigation was carried out among the months of October from 2014 to May of 2016, in the Popular Council Belic belonging to the municipality Niquero, county Granma, with the objective of characterizing the structure and composition of the swamp ecosystem in this area. The species of the area were listed using the method of band transecto, rushing 13 bands transecto for a total area of 26 000 m2. 84 species of plants and 7 649 individuals belonging to 33 botanical families were determined; ...

Sebnem Kursun, and Kurt M. Hakan, and Oztas Bengi, and Akbulut Nihat

Background/purpose: Various imaging modalities have been used by clinicians in the preoperative assessment of the third molar position. The purpose of this study is to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of orthopantomography (OPG) markers in determining the anatomical relation between the mandibular third molar and the mandibular canal by comparison using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: Ninety patients' panoramic and CBCT images were chosen for the study. From these...

Guido Bonthond, and Daniel G. Merselis, and Katherine E. Dougan, and Trevor Graff, and William Todd, and James W. Fourqurean, and Mauricio Rodriguez-Lanetty

Corals host diverse microbial communities that are involved in acclimatization, pathogen defense, and nutrient cycling. Surveys of coral-associated microbes have been particularly directed toward Symbiodinium and bacteria. However, a holistic understanding of the total microbiome has been hindered by a lack of analyses bridging taxonomically disparate groups. Using high-throughput amplicon sequencing, we simultaneously characterized the Symbiodinium, bacterial, and fungal communities associated ...

Rune Blomhoff, and Bente Lise Halvorsen

Background : There is convincing evidence that replacing dietary saturated fats with polyunsaturated fats (PUFA) decreases risk of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, PUFA rich foods such as vegetable oils, fatty fish, and marine omega-3 supplements are recommended. However, PUFA are easily oxidizable and there is concern about possible negative health effects from intake of oxidized lipids. Little is known about the degree of lipid oxidation in such products. Objective : To assess the content o...

Danielle Viveiros Cavalcante, and Bianca Bentes da Silva, and Jussara Moretto Martinelli-Lemos

The present study focused on the decapod fauna of the fluvial-estuarine environment of the Guajará Bay, in the Brazilian state of Pará, where specimens were collected monthly from six sites, from May 2006 to April 2007. A total of 6,793 specimens were captured, belonging to 11 species of crab and shrimp: eight palaemonids - Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862), Macrobrachium surinamicum Holthuis, 1948, Macrobrachium carcinus (Linnaeus, 1758), Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879), Macrobra...

Alex Braz Iacone Santos, and Bianca de Freitas Terra, and Francisco Gerson Araújo

Changes in fish assemblage structure along a longitudinal gradient of the Paraíba do Sul River and Funil reservoir were studied to detect distribution patterns and the seasonal influence of the inflowing river. Fish were caught by gill nets in three zones (riverine, transition and lentic) during two seasons (dry and wet). A total of 3,721 individuals were captured, comprising five orders, 14 families, 27 genera and 33 species. Five species were non-native and amounted to 17.7% of the total numbe...

R. Rahul Dev,, and R. Sharma, and R. Sundaravadivelu

This paper presents a ‘Computer Aided Design (CAD)’ model for energy efficient design of offshore structures. In the CAD model preliminary dimensions and geometric details of an offshore structure (i.e. semi-submersible) are optimized to achieve a favorable range of motion to reduce the energy consumed by the ‘Dynamic Position System (DPS)’. The presented model allows the designer to select the configuration satisfying the user requirements and integration of Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Comp...

Andreas F. Haas, and Craig E. Nelson, and Forest Rohwer, and Linda Wegley-Kelly, and Steven D. Quistad, and Craig A. Carlson, and James J. Leichter, and Mark Hatay, and Jennifer E. Smith

Benthic primary producers in tropical reef ecosystems can alter biogeochemical cycling and microbial processes in the surrounding seawater. In order to quantify these influences, we measured rates of photosynthesis, respiration, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) exudate release by the dominant benthic primary producers (calcifying and non-calcifying macroalgae, turf-algae and corals) on reefs of Mo‘orea French Polynesia. Subsequently, we examined planktonic and benthic microbial community respo...

Manigandan Vajravelu, and Yosuva Martin, and Saravanakumar Ayyappan, and Machendiranathan Mayakrishnan

Summary: The present investigation studied the seasonal variation between physico-chemical parameters and phytoplankton diversity, community structure and abundance; quantitative samples were collected on a monthly basis from April 2015 to March 2016 at Parangipettai coast, the Bay of Bengal (BOB). Statistical analyses were performed on physico-chemical parameters such as salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, temperature, nitrate, nitrite, silicate, and inorganic phosphate (IP). The significant (...

M. Wisshak, and C. Neumann

The rosette-shaped microboring trace fossil <i>Neodendrina carnelia</i> igen. et isp. n. – a large representative of the ichnofamily Dendrinidae – is identified on the inner side of the giant clam <i>Tridacna maxima</i> from Pleistocene to Holocene coral reef deposits of the El Quseir district at the Egyptian Red Sea coast. The new dendritic bioerosion trace fossil is diagnosed as a radial rosette comprised of a prostrate system of roofless canals that ramify in a strictly dichotomous fash...

Joana Cabral-Oliveira, and Stanislao Bevilacqua

Coastal areas are under high human pressure, being affected by several sources of impacts, such as sewage effluents. Eulittoral assemblages of intertidal rocky shores are often exposed to sewage discharges. Such assemblages are accessible to sample, and their dominant species are easy to identify and widely distributed. These features make eulittoral assemblages potentially cost-effective in discerning between disturbed and undisturbed environmental conditions. In this study, a first attempt has...

Narjes Karimi, and Ali Bani, and Shahram Abdolmalaki

To assess the reproductive condition of the common kilka, Clupeonella cultriventris, the somatic condition and reproductive characteristics were studied by histological analysis. A total of 800 specimens from the Bandar Anzali coast on the Caspian Sea were sampled. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) for females and males attained maximum values in May in the first period of sampling and in March-April in the second period, suggesting temporal variations in spawning activity. The pattern of oocyte fre...

Unai Ganzedo, and Oihane Erdaide, and Aaron Trujillo-Santana, and Aida Alvera-Azcárate, and José J. Castro

The information provided by the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) on captures of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in the central-east Atlantic has a number of limitations, such as gaps in the statistics for certain fleets and the level of spatiotemporal detail at which catches are reported. As a result, the quality of these data and their effectiveness for providing management advice is limited. In order to reconstruct missing spatiotemporal data of catche...

Marion E. Wittmann, and Bruce E. Kendall, and Christopher L. Jerde, and Lars W.J. Anderson

Effective monitoring, prevention and impact mitigation of nonindigenous aquatic species relies upon the ability to predict dispersal pathways and receiving habitats with the greatest risk of establishment. To examine mechanisms affecting species establishment within a large lake, we combined observations of recreational boater movements with empirical measurements of habitat suitability represented by nearshore wave energy to assess the relative risk of Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicat...

Quratulan Ahmed, and Qadeer Mohammad Ali, and Nurzafirah Mazlan, and Levent Bat

An experiment of a-sexual reproduction by fission was conducted on sea cucumber, Holothuria (Lessonothuria) verrucosa (Selenka, 1867) for 98 days. Anterior fission was observed on Day 1 with the formation of fission on the body of the sea cucumber. Initial length of 14 cm and weight of 21 g was measured at Day 1 in an aquarium under laboratory condition. Complete fission was observed on Day 7 of experiment by formation of 2 specimens; A and P. Initial length and weight for A was 4.5 cm and 3.18 ...

Blandina F. Viana, and Astrid M. P. Kleinert

For twelve months (from January to December of 1996) we investigated bee-flower interactions in a sea coastal ecosystem in Bahia, Brazil. Samples were taken three times each month. 3983 individuals belonging to 49 bee species, grouped in 13 morph-functional categories, visited 66 plant species belonging to 39 botanic families. It was observed 310 interactions between bees and plants at species level. The use of floral resources by bees was not homogeneous; most of the plant species received a lo...

Antczak J, and Kowalska K, and Klimkowicz-Mrowiec A, and Wach B, and Kasprzyk K, and Banach M, and Rzeźnicka-Brzegowy K, and Kubica J, and Słowik A

Jakub Antczak,1 Katarzyna Kowalska,1 Aleksandra Klimkowicz-Mrowiec,1 Barbara Wach,2 Katarzyna Kasprzyk,1 Marta Banach,1 Karolina Rzeźnicka-Brzegowy,3 Jadwiga Kubica,3 Agnieszka Słowik1 1Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krak&oacute;w, Poland; 2Department of Neurology, 5th Military Hospital with Polyclinic in Cracow, Krak&oacute;w, Poland; 3Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krak&oacute;w, Poland Backg...

Jéssica Alves da Costa, and João Paulo de Souza, and Ana Paula Teixeira, and João Carlos Nabout, and Fernanda Melo Carneiro

Abstract Aim: Reveal the direction for future studies about eutrophication, or even reveal the preoccupation among the scientific community about this environmental problem. With a systematic synthesis of eutrophication studies, scientists may be able to understand the state of the literature on aquatic ecosystems around the world. This study intends to identify the main factors used to control algal blooms and the eutrophication process, the countries and environments which have more research a...

Radhika Khanna, and Sujata Mohanty

For over a century, the fruit fly Drosophila has accomplished itself as a resourceful experimental model organism in the field of biological research. It has a long history of being scrutinized by biologists for evolutionary studies either through cytogenetic, phylogenetic or comparative genomics analysis. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies are also bringing a revolutionary shift in phylogenetic exploration as now whole genome can be utilized for the analysis. The goal of the present ...

Amruta D Pathare, and Anand S Deshpande

Background: Hepatitis G virus (HGV) is newly identified virus, transmitted by infected blood and blood products. Effect of HGV infection on liver diseases is not well known. Aims: Co-infection of HGV with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been reported however; very limited data is available from India. Therefore, we have performed a pilot study for the presence of co-infection of HGV in chronic liver disease patients. Setting and Design: The study was performed i...

Bethânia de Melo Carvalho Mendonça, and Renata Cimões, and Ana Claudia da Silva Araújo, and Arnaldo de França Caldas Jr, and Polliana Vilaça Silva

Com o objetivo de estabelecer a relação entre os aspectos relacionados ao número de dentes presentes na cavidade bucal e o impacto no desempenho diário,foi realizado um estudo piloto com 75 pacientes que foram divididos em três grupos:arco curto,arco completo e desdentado. Para avaliar o impacto, foi utilizado o IODD (índice dos impactos odontológicos no desempenho diário). Os resultados evidenciaram que 16% dos pesquisados tiveram pelo menos uma atividade diária afetada. Embora não tenha sido r...

Hatanaka Terumi, and Galetti Jr. Pedro Manoel

Many factors have contributed to the destruction of fish habitats. Hydroelectric dams, water pollution and other environmental changes have resulted in the eradication of natural stocks. The aim of this study was to detect the genetic variation in Prochilodus marggravii from three collection sites in the area of influence of the Três Marias dam (MG) on the São Francisco river (Brazil), using the RAPD technique. The results obtained revealed that the fish in the downstream region nearest the dam ...

D. J. Cavalieri, and C. L. Parkinson

In sharp contrast to the decreasing sea ice coverage of the Arctic, in the Antarctic the sea ice cover has, on average, expanded since the late 1970s. More specifically, satellite passive-microwave data for the period November 1978–December 2010 reveal an overall positive trend in ice extents of 17 100 &plusmn; 2300 km² yr⁻¹. Much of the increase, at 13 700 &plusmn; 1500 km² yr⁻¹, has occurred in the region of the Ross Sea, with lesser contributions fr...

María Elena Cuello, and Carmen A. Úbeda, and María Teresa Bello, and Marcelo Kun

The diet of the aquatic morphotype of Atelognathus patagonicus was studied in frogs collected from the Laguna Verde pond (Laguna Blanca National Park, Neuquén, Argentina). The content of 35 gastrointestinal tracts of post-metamorphic specimens from November 2003 to April 2006 was related to the composition of the benthos in their microhabitat. Number, size, occurrence and relative importance of preys, diversity of the diet, trophic niche breadth and electivitywere estimated for each season of th...

McKernon S, and Azariah S

INTRODUCTION: The Auckland chlamydia pilot was one of three pilots funded by the Ministry of Health to trial implementation of the 2008 Chlamydia Management Guidelines prior to national roll-out. AIM: To assess what elements in the testing programme pilot worked best for staff and to determine how an opportunistic testing programme could be better configured to meet staff needs and preferences. METHODS: A staff survey listed key chlamydia testing tasks in chronological order, and service interve...

E. Fuentes, and H. Coe, and D. Green, and G. de Leeuw, and G. McFiggans

The effect of biogenic dissolved and colloidal organic matter on the production of submicron primary sea-spray aerosol was investigated via the simulation of bubble bursting in seawater enriched with phytoplankton-released organics. <br><br> Seawater samples collected along a transect off the West African coast during the RHaMBLe cruise (RRS Discovery cruise D319), conducted as part of the SOLAS UK program, were analysed in order to identify the dominant oceanic algal species in a region of high...

Maria Claudia Gross, and Carlos Henrique Schneider, and Mara Cristina de Almeida Matiello, and Maysa de Lima Leite, and Luiz Antonio Carlos Bertollo, and Roberto Ferreira Artoni

Morphological and chromosomal markers were used to infer the structure and genetic variability of a population of fish of the genus Astyanax, geographically isolated at sinkhole 2 of Vila Velha State Park, Paraná, Brazil. Two morphotypes types were observed, the standard phenotype I and phenotype II which showed an anatomical alteration probably due to an inbreeding process. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) analysis of different characters showed low levels of morphological variation among the populat...

J. Mu, and F. Jin, and J. Wang, and N. Zheng, and Y. Cong

The potential effects of high CO₂ and associated ocean acidification (OA) in marine fishes and other non-calcified organisms are less well understood. In this study, we investigated the responses of early life stages (ELS) of marine medaka (<i>Oryzias melastigma</i>) exposed to a series of experimental manipulation of CO₂ levels. Results showed that CO₂-driven seawater acidification (pH 7.6 and pH 7.2) had no detectable effect on hatching time, hatching rate, or ...

P. C. Liu, and H. S. Chen, and D.-J. Doong, and C. C. Kao, and Y.-J. G. Hsu

This paper presents a set of ocean wave time series data recorded from a discus buoy deployed near northeast Taiwan in western Pacific that was operating during the passage of Typhoon Krosa on 6 October 2007. The maximum trough-to-crest wave height was measured to be 32.3 m, which could be the largest <I>H</I>_max ever recorded.

Sara Pinela, and Bernardo Ruivo Quintella, and Pedro Raposo de Almeida, and Maria João Lança

Composition of fatty acid profile of muscle neutral lipids (NL) and phospholipids (PL) of sea lamprey that enter the Portuguese rivers Minho, Tagus and Guadiana during their non-trophic spawning migration was analysed. The fatty acid profile exhibited differences in the percentage among NL and PL and between river basins. Similarities were found in the fatty acid profile of NL. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were the most representative, followed by saturated fatty acids (SFA) and finally by...

Marc eBangert, and Anna eWiedemann, and Hans-Christian eJabusch

Variability of Practice (VOP) refers to the acquisition of a particular target movement by practicing a range of varying targets rather than by focusing on fixed repetitions of the target only. VOP has been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on transfer to a novel task and on skill consolidation. This study extends the line of research to musical practice. In a task resembling a barrier-knockdown paradigm, 36 music students trained to perform a wide left-hand interval leap on the piano. Per...

Jose Carlos Del Valle, and Mª Luisa eBuide, and Inés eCasimiro-Soriguer, and Justen B. Whittall, and Eduardo eNarbona

The presence of anthocyanins in flowers and fruits is frequently attributed to attracting pollinators and dispersers. In vegetative organs, anthocyanins and other non-pigmented flavonoids such as flavones and flavonols may serve protective functions against UV radiation, cold, heat, drought, salinity, pathogens and herbivores; thus, these compounds are usually produced as a plastic response to such stressors. Although the independent accumulation of anthocyanins in reproductive and vegetative ti...

MICHELA CORTINI, and Monica Pivetti, and Sara Cervai

This paper will explore if and how psychological strain plays a mediator role between the learning climate and job performance in a group of health workers.Although the relationship between learning climate and job performance has already been explored in the international literature, the role of psychological strain, which may hamper or deepen this relationship, has yet to be investigated. The research hypothesis is that psychological strain mediates the relationship between the climate towa...

V. V. Laptikhovsky

Reproductive system, potential fecundity (PF), relative fecundity (RF) and egg size (ES) were studied in Enoploteuthis anapsis, Abraliopsis atlantica, A.pfefferi (Enoploteuthidae) and Ancistrocheirus lesueurii (Ancystrocheiridae) at different stages of the life cycle. The reproductive system of mature females is 5-19% of the total weight. In Enoploteuthidae PF is 4 000-30 000, RF is 1 000 - 10 000, ES is 0.88-1.1 mm. In Ancistrocheirus the PF is 200 000 - 800 000, RF is about 200 and ES is 1.75-...

José María Gemma Cánoves

The Costa Brava is a consolitaded coastal tourist destination, based on sun and sand tourism. In order to mitigate its decline, according to the traditional life–cycle of tourism products (Butler, 1980) and theories of productive restructuring (Agarwal, 2002, 2005), considering the impact of emerging market trends in such well–established tourism destinations, the Costa Brava has evolved to offer multiple recreational activities in order to renew the destination with emerging new products (Vera ...

Christos Arvanitidis, and Sarah Faulwetter, and Georgios Chatzigeorgiou, and Lyubomir Penev, and Olaf Bánki, and Thanos Dailianis, and Evangelos Pafilis, and Michail Kouratoras, and Eva Chatzinikolaou, and Lucia Fanini, and Aikaterini Vasileiadou, and Christina Pavloudi, and Panagiotis Vavilis, and Panagiota Koulouri, and Costas Dounas

This paper discusses the design and implementation of a citizen science pilot project, COMBER (Citizens&rsquo; Network for the Observation of Marine BiodivERsity, http://www.comber.hcmr.gr), which has been initiated under the ViBRANT EU e-infrastructure. It is designed and implemented for divers and snorkelers who are interested in participating in marine biodiversity citizen science projects. It shows the necessity of engaging the broader community in the marine biodiversity monitoring and rese...

Cindy J Smith, and Cindy J Smith, and Liang F Dong, and John eWilson, and Andrew eStott, and Andrew Mark Osborn, and Andrew Mark Osborn, and Andrew Mark Osborn, and David B Nedwell

This research investigated spatial-temporal variation in benthic bacterial community structure, rates of denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) processes and abundances of corresponding genes and transcripts at three sites – the estuary-head, mid-estuary and the estuary mouth along the nitrate gradient of the Colne estuary over an annual cycle. Denitrification rates declined down the estuary, while DNRA rates were higher at the estuary head and middle than the est...

B. Stenni, and J. Jouzel, and V. Masson-Delmotte, and F. Prié, and L. Dümbgen, and H. Sodemann, and A. Landais, and R. Winkler

We measured &delta;¹⁷O and &delta;¹⁸O in two Antarctic ice cores at EPICA Dome C (EDC) and TALDICE (TD), respectively, and computed ¹⁷O-excess with respect to VSMOW. The comparison of our ¹⁷O-excess data with the previous record obtained at Vostok (Landais et al., 2008a) revealed differences up to 35 ppm in ¹⁷O-excess mean level and evolution for the three sites. Our data show that the large increase depicted at Vostok (20 ppm) during the la...

Sunday A Adebusoye, and Olukayode O Amund, and Matthew O Ilori, and Dupe O Domeih, and Joy Okpuzor

The ability of microorganisms to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons is important for finding an environmentally-friendly method to restoring contaminated environmental matrices. Screening of hydrocarbon-utilizing and biosurfactant-producing abilities of organisms from an estuarine ecosystem in Nigeria, Africa, resulted in the isolation of five microbial strains identified as Corynebacterium sp. DDv1, Flavobacterium sp. DDv2, Micrococcus roseus DDv3, Pseudomonas aeruginosa DDv4 and Saccharomyces cere...

Cíntia Cristina Souza Nassar, and Eduardo Fernandes Bondan, and Sandra Regina Alouche

Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system associated with varied levels of disability. The impact of early physiotherapeutic interventions in the disease progression is unknown. We used an experimental model of demyelination with the gliotoxic agent ethidium bromide and early aquatic exercises to evaluate the motor performance of the animals. We quantified the number of footsteps and errors during the beam walking test. The demyelinated animals walked fewer step...

Emile Calenda, and Marc Muraine

Letter to the editor

Wu Ta Yeong, and Abdul Wahab Mohammad, and Nurina Anuar, and Rakmi Abdul Rahman

This study was carried out to determine the potential use of nanofiltration (NF) membranes in treating the wastewater, generated from the fish and surimi industries. The possibility of recovering the protein from the wastewater was also investigated, since these effluents contain a large amount of protein,which could be concentrated by means of NF and recycled into the fishmeal process. The protein could also be traded as fertilizer or animal feed by-products. In this study, fish and surimi wash...

E. M. Dunne, and S. Mikkonen, and H. Kokkola, and H. Korhonen

Low-level clouds have a strong climate-cooling effect in oceanic regions due to the much lower albedo of the underlying sea surface. Marine clouds typically have low droplet concentrations, making their radiative properties susceptible to changes in cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) concentrations. Here, we use the global aerosol model GLOMAP to investigate the processes that determine variations in marine CCN concentrations, and focus especially on the e...

S. J. Phipps, and S. J. Phipps, and C. J. Fogwill, and C. J. Fogwill, and C. S. M. Turney

Recent observations and modelling studies have demonstrated the potential for rapid and substantial retreat of large sectors of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS). This has major implications for ocean circulation and global sea level. Here we examine the effects of increasing meltwater from the Wilkes Basin, one of the major marine-based sectors of the EAIS, on Southern Ocean dynamics. Climate model simulations reveal that the meltwater flux rapidly stratifies surface waters, leading to ...

Li-xia Guo, and Xiao-hong Bai, and Ling Zhong, and Sheng Qiang

A three-dimensional finite element program for thermal analysis of hydration heat in concrete structures with a plastic pipe cooling system is introduced in this paper. The program was applied to simulation of the temperature and stress field of the Cao'e Sluice during the construction period. From the calculated results, we can find that the temperature and stress of concrete cooled with plastic pipes are much lower than those of concrete without pipes. Moreover, plastic pipes could not be corr...

Yanying Zhang, and Yanying Zhang, and Yanying Zhang, and Qingsong Yang, and Juan Ling, and Joy Van Nostrand, and Zhou Shi, and Jizhong Zhou, and Junde Dong, and Junde Dong

The coral holobiont often resides in oligotrophic waters; both coral cells and their symbiotic dinoflagellates possess ammonium assimilation enzymes and potentially benefit from the nitrogen fixation of coral-associated diazotrophs. However, the seasonal dynamics of coral-associated diazotrophs are not well characterized. Here, the seasonal variations of diazotrophic communities associated with three corals, Galaxea astreata, Pavona decussata and Porites lutea, were studied using nifH gene ampli...

X. Ouyang, and S. Y. Lee

Studies on carbon stock in salt marsh sediments have increased since the review by Chmura et al. (2003). However, uncertainties exist in estimating global carbon storage in these vulnerable coastal habitats, thus hindering the assessment of their importance. Combining direct data and indirect estimation, this study compiled studies involving 143 sites across the Southern and Northern hemispheres, and provides an updated estimate of the global average carbon accumulation rate (CAR) at 244.7 g C m...

N. KASAPOGLU, and E. DUZGUNES

Length-weight (L-W) relationships were presented from 10475 individuals for 19 fish, 4 mollusks, 2 crustacean species during January 2009-November 2011. The mean value of ‘parameter b’ was estimated 2.881±0.399 ranged from 1.758 to 3.616 were isometric (i.e. Scorpeana porcus, Pomatous saltatrix and Neogobius melanostomus). L-W relationships for all studied species were significantly linear (0.819<R2<0.987).

Yolanda Gamarra Hernández, and Juan Forero Sarmiento, and Oscar Quintero Higuera, and Fredy Rueda Villamizar, and Fernanda Aguilar Acevedo

Integrated residual water treatment systems try to reduce organic matter and nutrients and reuse by-produets generated during the process. An integrated pilot model was constructed with Spirodela sp. to complement the Bolivariana University's current residual water treatment plant's efficieney in removing nutrients. This was evaluated for its efficieney in removing nutrients (ammoniacal nitrogen and phosphorus) and total and faecal coliforms using different depths of water. 77.07% efficieney was...