Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science

AbstractBroomrapes are achlorophyllous holoparasites of many economically importantdicotyledonous crops. As weeds, they cause reductions in crop yield, adversely affect cropquality, and result in loss of cultivated land due to reduced crop alternatives. Few effectivecontrol measures exist for broomrapes. One of the most promising approaches is the use oflow rates of glyphosate in hosts with tolerance to the herbicide. Recently, availability ofglyphosate-resistant crops has provided an alternativ...

Chemical Engineering

Cultured bovine aortic endothelial (BAE) cells were found to synthesize and secreteheparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG), which bound basic fibrobalst growth factor(bFGF). bFGF is a known mitogen for vascular smooth muscle cells, and is indicated tohave a role in some proliferative vascular disorders. In the present study, we have purifiedproteoglycans from BAE cells conditioned media (BAE PG), and further separated thePG into two fractions, PG-I and PG-II, by ion exchange chromatography on a Q-S...

Geological Sciences

ABSTRACTCameron s Line in western Connecticut and its equivalents in western Massachusetts and Vermont mark a major tectonic boundary in the New England Appalachians and are considered by many to delineate the trace of the Taconian suture zone. The Cambro-Ordovician Ratlum Mountain and Rowe Formations lie to the east of Cameron s Line in western Connecticut. Mineral equilibria and compositional zoning studies for pelitic units of the Ratlum Mountain and Rowe Formations indicate that garnet porph...

Animal and Poultry Sciences

A successful business needs to generate enough cash to cover expenses, current debt, and family living expenses, pay interest on owned and borrowed capital, maintain productivity, and earn a reasonable return for the operator. Income from sheep production is generally only part of a total farm and nonfarm income. Thus options, opportunity costs, and decisions regarding the sheep production enterprise are not isolated; they affect other agricultural enterprises. Sheep production consistently retu...

Teaching and Learning

Teacher change is about moving from thought, feelings and anunderstanding of teaching and learning into action and practice(Fullan, 1982). This naturalistic case study describes the initialphases of the teacher change process resulting from the implementationof a restructured undergraduate statics engineering course. Theinvestigation focused on the broad research question of what happenswhen an educator undertakes the teacher change process to allowhimself to move away from what is familiar and ...

Psychology

Affect Intensity and Perceptions of Arousal in a Subclinical Level of Psychopathy Termed Aberrant Self-PromotionTrina Doran CyterskiABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to answer questions about affect intensity and self-perceivedarousal differences in aberrant self-promoters (ASPs) and in individuals high and low in affectintensity (AI). Participants in the study completed a task asking them to respond as quickly andaccurately as possible to letter strings presented for 200ms on a computer scr...

Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science

Sixty-six isolates of <I>F. oxysporum</I> and <I>F. solani</I> were recovered from healthy and necrotic Essex soybean seedlings grown in naturally infested soil. These were tested for pathogenicity at 20 C and -0.01 MPa water potential in artificially infested, autoclaved field soil. Highly pathogenic, moderately pathogenic, and hypovirulent isolates of both species were identified. Fifty-seven <I>F. oxysporum</I&gt...

Sociology

This study examines the relationship between premaritalcohabitation and egalitarianism in marriage using data fromthe two waves of the National Survey of Families andHouseholds (N = 13,017). Multiple regression and pathanalysis techniques are used to test this effect.Cohabitation is viewed as an experience in which patternsof behavior and attitudes are formed that influence latermarriages. It is hypothesized that this experience leads to amore egalitarian household division of labor and lesstrad...

Mechanical Engineering

An advanced model of active control of fan noise for ultra high bypass turbofanengines has been developed. This model is based on a boundary integral equation methodand simulates the propagation, radiation and control of the noise generated by an enginefan surrounded by a duct of finite length and cylindrical shape, placed in a uniform flow.Control sources, modeled by point monopoles placed along the wall of the engine inlet oroutlet duct, inject anti-noise into the duct to destructively interfe...

Biology

One unresolved issue in the study of cooperative breeding is why individuals that delay their own reproduction assist others in raising young. Red-cockaded woodpecker helpers may again future indirect fitness benefits by increasing survival of breeders, who produce offspring related to the helper in the future. Breeder survival may be enhanced because of general benefits of group living, either because of the helper s own presence or because helping increases the production of fledglings. I demo...

Biology

Studies of adaptive responses of the microaerophile Spirillum volutans to various stresses such as heat and peroxide shock have been hampered by an inability to obtain reliable colony counts of the organism by the spread plate method. Colony counts approaching direct microscopic counts (DMCs) were obtained by inoculating culture dilutions into a semisolid version of the medium and by supplementing the medium with pyruvate, which destroys hydrogen peroxide. Use of the new overlay/pyruvate method ...

Architecture

AbstractIve titled my thesis, Intrinsics because my architectural design is an attempt to respond to what is inherent in the materials, in the way materials are joined, in the flow of forces through the structure, in the site and surroundings, and in the human nature of a person using the building type Im designing. This is a tectonic approach, so my thesis is also An Exploration of Tectonic Expression with a Montessori school as a project vehicle. The site is next to the Roanoke Public Library ...

Civil Engineering

Different means and methods exist in the construction industry to erect bridge superstructures. In planning and execution of the complex construction operations the effects of the chosen erection method need to be considered to achieve a safe and economical process. Failures of bridges under construction have underlined the importance of this issue. <p>Hence, constructability issues need to be considered from the very beginning of projects. Structural analysis mathematically models...

Horticulture

A biochemical characterization of ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome pathway activity was conducted in <I>Zinnia</I> mesophyll cell cultures to examine potential differences between differentiating cells of tracheary element (TE) cultures and non-differentiating cells of control cultures. The pathway is highly active throughout development of differentiating TEs, a programmed cell death (PCD) process during which the majority of cellular proteins and biochemical processes are ...

Educational Leadership and Policy Studies

<HTML><HEAD><META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=windows-1252"><META NAME="Generator" CONTENT="Microsoft Word 97"><TITLE>Educational Leadership And The Ethic Of Care: The Experiences Of Four Women Educators Of Trinidad And Tobago</TITLE></HEAD><BODY><B><P ALIGN="CENTER">Educational Lead...

Educational Leadership and Policy Studies

THE EFFECTS OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION TRAINING ON STUDENTS WITHPREVIOUS DISCIPLINE REFERRALSbyReamous Gunn, Jr.Educational Leadership and Policy Studies(ABSTRACT)The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of conflict resolution training on the number and severity of discipline referral offenses committed by high school students in one urban school.Effectiveness was measured by the number and severity of student discipline referrals to the school administration. Additionally, data were g...

Forestry

DYNAMICS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SOIL ORGANIC MATTER IN MINE SOILS 16 YEARS AFTER AMENDMENT WITH TOPSOIL, SAWDUST, AND SEWAGE SLUDGE.byEric S. BendfeldtCommittee Chairman: Dr. James A. BurgerDepartment of Forestry(ABSTRACT)The present state and future prospect of the world s soil resources has prompted scientists and researchers to address the issue of soil quality and sustainable land management. Soil quality research has focused on intensively-managed agricultural and forest soils, but the con...

Biochemistry and Anaerobic Microbiology

<p>It is not known whether biosynthesis of [Fe-S] clusters occurs through a spontaneous self-assembly process or an enzymatic process. However, in the <I>Azotobacter</I> <I>vinelandii</I> nitrogenase system, it has been proposed that NifS and NifU are involved in the mobilization of sulfur and iron necessary for nitrogenase-specific [Fe-S] cluster assembly. The NifS protein has been shown to have cysteine desulfurase activity ...

Teaching and Learning

<HTML><HEAD><META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><META NAME="Generator" CONTENT="Microsoft Word 97/98"><TITLE>THE EFFECTS OF INTER-SCHOOL COLLABORATION</TITLE></HEAD><BODY><B><P ALIGN="CENTER"><A NAME="_Toc468689173">THE EFFECTS OF INTER-SCHOOL COLLAB...

EDVT

Connecting School-Based Learning and Work-Based Learning:Perceptions of Students, Their Teachers and TheirWorkplace SupervisorsbyMargaret Ann MooreCommittee Chair: B. June Schmidt(ABSTRACT)Vocational educators are reexamining methods of preparing students for the transition from school to the workplace as employers from business and industry are looking to schools for help in meeting their human resource needs. The School-to-Work Opportunities Act (1994) has stimulated a number of approaches to ...

Educational Leadership and Policy Studies

THE EFFECTS OF THINKING MAPS® INSTRUCTIONON THE ACHIEVEMENT OF FOURTH-GRADE STUDENTSSamuel F. Leary Jr.ABSTRACTThis quasi-experimental study investigated the effects of the Thinking Maps® program, aseries of graphic organizers, on the achievement of fourth-grade students as measured by a standardized test. The researcher used a nonequivalent pretest-post test control group design to compare student achievement between fourth-grade students in two elementary schools within a sch...

Civil Engineering

Competitive bidding, where the project is awarded to the lowest bidder, is a basic part of the construction industry. This method of project delivery is designed to promote healthy competition in an attempt ensure the lowest price for the project. A contractor knows that lowering a bid price increases his probability of being awarded the project. However, without a clear understanding of the market in which he is competing, he can not know how low he should bid in order to win. One of the most i...

Architecture

THE BUILDING WHICH MANIFESTS ITSELF IS A DIRECTREACTION TO THE DESIRES OF THE SITE AND MOREIMPORTANTLY TO THE FUNCTIONS IT HOUSES. THEPURPOSE OF THIS THESIS THOUGH IS TO MAKE ANADDITION TO THE DESIRES AND TO SOLVE A DESIREWHICH IS NOT SO EVIDENT TO THE NAKED EYE.THIS DESIRE IS TO ELIMINATE THE PRODUCT WHICHWILL MANIFEST ITSELF IN THE NEAR FUTURE IFNOTHING IS DONE TO CHANGE ITS CLEAR AND CERTAINDIRECTION. THE PRODUCT I SPEAK OF ISDECENTRALIZED SOCIETY WHERE HUMAN INTERACTIONIS ALMOST ELIMINIATED....

Engineering Mechanics

The natural unsteadiness in the post-breakdown flowfield of a 75

Electrical Engineering

<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">TEAMDEC is a Group Decision Support System (GDSS). The development of a GDSS is supported by a broad spectrum of theories and techniques. Two major aspects of GDSS development were considered in TEAMDEC design: HCI and decision-making assistance. These two aspects interact to promote an interactive group decision support system with high quality.</P><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Decision guidance using a script-based knowledge...

Housing, Interior Design, and Resource Management

ABSTRACT<p>The purpose of this study was to identify the extent of adoption of microwave ovens by older adults in Blacksburg, Virginia. Level of adoption was defined and determined as a function of 1) frequency of use of the microwave oven in comparison to the range, and 2) complexity of food preparation. Mere ownership was not considered as an indicator of adoption. Focusing on the final stage of Rogers theory of adoption (1962), three levels of adoption were determined: High, med...

Industrial and Systems Engineering

Same types of systems with the same age usually have different amounts of cumulated usage. These systems when in operation usually have different performance and effectiveness. In this case the existing models of the univariate measures of system effectiveness are inadequate and incomplete. For example, the univariate availability measures for these same-aged systems are all the same even though with different amounts of usage. This is the motivation for this research to pursue a bivariate appro...

Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences

Dormant bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) fairways become matted down and thinned out from winter traffic. This appears to be more of a problem on the coarser textured, winter hardy, improved varieties (e.g., Midiron and Vamont ) typically used in the colder regions of the upper transition zone. Winter overseeding with cool-season species can improve dormant bermudagrass winter and spring quality. However, bermudagrass persistence can decline in golf course fairways overseeded with ryegrasses (Lol...

Electrical and Computer Engineering

Configurable computing machines (CCMs) are available as plug in cards forstandard workstations. CCMs make it possible to achieve computing feats onworkstations that were previously only possible with super computers. However, it isdifficult to create applications for CCMs. The development environment is fragmentedand complex. Compilers for CCMS are emerging but they are in their infancy and areinefficient.<p>The difficulties of implementing run time reconfiguration (RTR) on CCMs ar...

Electrical and Computer Engineering

Adaptive filtering techniques are used in a wide range of applications, including echo cancellation, adaptive equalization, adaptive noise cancellation, and adaptive beamforming. The performance of an adaptive filtering algorithm is evaluated based on its convergence rate, misadjustment, computational requirements, and numerical robustness. We attempt to improve the performance by developing new adaptation algorithms and by using "unconventional" structures for adaptive filters.Part I ...

Electrical and Computer Engineering

The recent development of the impulse/summation approach for efficient B-spline computation in the discrete domain should increase the use of B-splines in many applications. Because we show here how the impulse/summation approach can also be used for constructing polynomials, the approach with a search table approach for the inverse square root operation allows an efficient shading algorithm for rendering an image in a computer graphics system. The approach reduces the number of multiplies and m...

Electrical and Computer Engineering

This study presents a multi-attribute decision making (MADM) frameworkin support of strategic resource planning of electric utilities. Study efforts have focusedon four technical issues identified to be essentially important to the process of strategicresource development, i.e., decision data expansion, MADM analysis with impreciseinformation, MADM analysis under uncertainty and screening applications. Maincontributions from this study are summarized as follows. First, an automatic learningmetho...

Horticulture

Diploid potato populations between a primitive cultivated species, <I>Solanum phureja</I>, and a weedy species, <I>S. chacoense</I>, were used to examine the segregation of microsatellite markers and three traits in backcrosses. Two of the traits, anther culture competence and 2<I>n</I> pollen production, originated from <I>S. phureja</I> whereas the third, leptine production (a specif...

Electrical and Computer Engineering

This thesis presents the modeling approaches andthe challenges involved in electromagneticmodeling of packaging layout. It discusses themethodologies that are being used today. It thenapplies these methodologies to analyze, modeland characterize three packaging technologies:(i) the wirebond technology,(ii) The Metal Post Interconnected Parallel PlateStructure, and the(iii) Multi Layer Structure.The model developed is validated throughexperimentation. These models are then used insimulation in or...

Industrial and Systems Engineering

Remote usability evaluation is a usability evaluation method (UEM) where the experimenter, performing observation and analysis, is separated in space and/or time from the user. There are several approaches by which to implement remote evaluation, limited only by the availability of supporting technology. One such implementation method is RECITE (the REmote Critical Incident TEchnique), an adaptation of the user-reported critical incident technique developed by Castillo (1997). This technique req...

Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences

Barley leaf rust (<I>Puccinia hordei</I> G. Otth) has been the cause of numerous and often devastating disease epidemics since the beginning of agriculture. Leaf rust is one of the most important diseases that affect barley (<I>Hordeum vulgare</I> L.) throughout the world. The pathogen <I>Puccinia hordei</I> is an obligate parasite. Symptoms of barley leaf rust may range from small chlorotic flecks to large pustu...

Philosophy

This thesis is primarily an attempt to reconstruct the debate between Josiah Royce and Ralph Barton Perry concerning the viability of both the realist and idealist positions. Secondarily, I will show that this debate is a crucial part of an adequate understanding of the changes that took place in American philosophy in the early part of twentieth century. Royce s arguments against the neorealist position of Perry (and others) centered on both the nature of error, and the nature of independence. ...

Biology - Microbiology

Structural analysis of Bacillus subtilis spore peptidoglycan during sporulation<p>:Jennifer L. Meador-Parton<p>:David L. Popham, Chairman<p>:Department of Biology<p>:(ABSTRACT)<p>:Bacterial spore peptidoglycan (PG) is very loosely cross-linked relative to vegetative PG. Theories suggest that loosely cross-linked spore PG may have a flexibility which contributes to the attainment of spore core dehydration. The structure of the ...

Chemistry

CHIRAL SEPARATIONS ON HPLC DERIVATIZED POLYSACCHARIDE CSPs: TEMPERATURE, MOBILE PHASE AND CHIRAL RECOGNITION MECHANISM STUDIESMaria Elena Y. Cabusas(ABSTRACT)Direct chiral separations of the non-steroidal drugs of 2-methylarylpropionic acids (profens) on the chiral stationary phases (CSPs) of amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenyl-carbamate), Chiralpak AD, and cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate), Chiralcel OD, were investigated. Chiralpak AD and Chiralcel OD are CSPs coated on silica gel and ha...

Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise

Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) concentration hasbeen identified as an independent risk factor forpremature CAD. Associations between Hcyconcentrations and established cardiovascular riskfactors have occasionally, but not consistently, beendemonstrated. Plasma fibrinogen and total Hcyconcentrations, along with other risk factors, folateand B- vitamin supplements, and medications, wererecorded for 40 males (mean age

Electrical Engineering

An adaptive MAC protocol is developed and analyzed that offers a "best case" scenario by allowing the MAC to control medium parameters thereby fully exploiting the channel of an ad hoc wireless LAN. This new, opportunistic medium access control protocol is called CATER (Code Adapts To Enhance Reliability) and is based on the proposed MAC standard for wireless local area networks (WLAN)IEEE 802.11 [IEE96]. As currently proposed, IEEE 802.11 uses a fixed pseudo-noise (PN) code for spread...

Teaching and Learning

Exploring the Moral Dimension of Professors Folk PedagogyThomas BarrettABSTRACTThis study explores the intersection of two major conceptions in higher education:professors folk pedagogies and teachings moral dimension. Folk pedagogy is theaccumulated set of beliefs, conceptions and assumptions that professors personally holdabout the practice of teaching (Bruner, 1996). When these beliefs and conceptions areenacted as a teaching practice, they are conceivably undertaken on behalf of students as ...

Sociology

<b>Accounting for the Gender Income Gap in Urban China</b><p>Zizhuo Sun<p>(ABSTRACT)<p>Using data from the China Housing Survey, that was conducted in 1993, the present study attempts to learn whether and how specific factors--human capital (including education and health), guanxi (social connections), housework, and employment in different sectors of the economy influence the income gap between men and women in urban China wh...

Electrical and Computer Engineering

The use of optical fiber sensors is increasing widely in civil, industrial, and military applications mainly due to their, (a) miniature size, (b) high sensitivity, (c) immunity from electro-magnetic interference, (d) resistance to harsh environments, (e) remote signal processing ability, and, (f) multiplexing capabilities. Because of these advantages a variety of optical fiber sensing techniques have evolved over the years having potentials for myriad of applications. One very challenging job, ...

Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science

Protein farnesyltransferase (FTase, E. C. 2.5.1.21)post-translationally modifies regulatory proteinsinvolved in controlling cell growth, division, anddifferentiation. Recently, a cDNA clone (PsFTb)encoding a pea (Pisum sativum) FTase b subunit wasisolated. Initial studies led to the hypothesis that FTaseplays a role in the regulation of plant cell division. <p>Togain insight into FTase function in plants, a detailedstudy of the expression pattern of FTase genes wascarried out. A cD...

Physics

We studied the reaction <i>ep -> e p phi</i> with a4.2 GeV incident electron beam in the region ofthe electroproduction variables Q<sup>2</sup> from 0.7 to2.2 GeV<sup>2</sup> and W from 2.0 to 2.6 GeV. The datawere taken and analyzed at the Thomas JeffersonNational Accelerator Facility. For the first time,we observe the expected t-slope dependence onQ<sup>2</sup> and Delta-Tau i...

Public Administration/Public Affairs

AN INQUIRY INTO THE EFFECTS OF STATUTORY CLIMATE ON THE POLITICAL ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR OF STATE-LEVEL PUBLIC ADMINISTRATORSJohn David SneadCommittee Chair: Karen HultCenter For Public Administration and PolicyCollege of Architecture and Urban Studies(ABSTRACT)This dissertation examines ways in which differences in states political activity laws affect the political attitudes and reported behavior of senior state government employees. Of particular concern is whether a stringent little Hatch Ac...

Mechanical Engineering

A piezoelectric impedance-based structural health monitoring technique was developed at the Center for Intelligent Material Systems and Structures. It has been successfully implemented on several complex structures to detect incipient-type damage such as small cracks or loose connections. However, there are still some problems to be solved before full scale development and commercialization can take place. These include: i) the damage assessment is influenced by ambient temperature change; ii) t...

Science and Technology Studies

The role of the engineer in the late capitalist society of the last half century has been misunderstood at best. The lack of a consistent job description for engineers in various fields, a lack of job security, and a lack of respect from both industry and society have spawned severe angst in the engineering community. A classic remedy for this situation has been the rallying of engineering practitioners under a banner of increased professionalism. If engineers could make themselves more like doc...

Chemical Engineering

<p>A series of niobium-containing nitride and carbides were prepared by a temperature-programmed synthesis method. The catalysts synthesized comprised a monometallic niobium oxynitride and a new bimetallic oxycarbide supported system, Nb-Mo-O-C/Al2O3 (Mo/Nb = 1.2; 1.6; 2.0).<p>In the case of the niobium oxynitride, the progress of formation was analyzed by interrupting the synthesis at various stages. The effect of the heating rate on product properties was also inves...