Rosana Mazzoni, and Anna P. F. da Silva

Aspectos da história de vida de Bryconamericus microcephalus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1908) do córrego Andorinha (23º11'12"S, 44º12'02"W) foram analisados pela descrição da estrutura de tamanho, relação peso-comprimento e estratégia reprodutiva. Os exemplares estudados foram obtidos bimestralmente, por redes de espera e "picarés" (malhas entre 0,5 e 1,0 cm) entre novembro de 1999 e setembro de 2003. A estrutura de tamanho indicou que as fêmeas alcançaram maiores tamanhos que os machos e que ocorreram m...

Eric Sanford, and Jacqueline L. Sones, and Marisol García-Reyes, and Jeffrey H. R. Goddard, and John L. Largier

Abstract During 2014–2016, severe marine heatwaves in the northeast Pacific triggered well-documented disturbances including mass mortalities, harmful algal blooms, and declines in subtidal kelp beds. However, less attention has been directed towards understanding how changes in sea surface temperature (SST) and alongshore currents during this period influenced the geographic distribution of coastal taxa. Here, we examine these effects in northern California, USA, with a focus on the region betw...

Qing Shi

Abstract Background Several abundant proteins have been identified in lipid body of an alkenone-producing marine haptophyte alga Tisochrysis lutea. The gene expression patterns of these proteins were investigated to better understand their roles in alkenone biosynthesis. For this purpose, T. lutea was first cultured in nitrogen-sufficient medium for biomass production and then shifted to nitrogen-deprived medium to induce lipid body formation. Results There were remarkable increases in the volum...

Chakapan Promsopa, and Usaporn Prapaisit

Abstract Background Lodgment of a bullet within the orbit is uncommon. The decision to remove these objects poses a challenge to surgeons due to a high risk of complications. Currently, endoscopic transnasal surgery with navigator assistance facilitates the localization of foreign bodies allowing their safe removal with minimal surrounding tissue damage or optic nerve injury. Case presentation We describe a case of a 26-year-old Thai woman with a chronic intraorbital foreign body located within ...

Viktoria Mühlbauer, and Birte Berger-Höger, and Martina Albrecht, and Ingrid Mühlhauser, and Anke Steckelberg

Abstract Background Shared decision-making in oncology requires information on individual prognosis. This comprises cancer prognosis as well as competing risks of dying due to age and comorbidities. Decision aids usually do not provide such information on competing risks. We conducted an overview on clinical prediction tools for early breast cancer and developed and pilot-tested a decision aid (DA) addressing individual prognosis using additional chemotherapy in early, hormone receptor-positive ...

Nadeem A. Mughal, and Eleanor R. Atkins, and Darren Morrow, and Wissam Al-Jundi

Abstract Background M-learning is education using personal mobile electronic devices. Given the prevalence of these in society and amongst healthcare professionals, we aimed to assess their use and feasibility in improving the educational programme of a single vascular institution. Methods A weekly vascular departmental teaching programme was initiated with registrars giving 30-min presentations on a defined book chapter. Two multiple-choice questions (MCQ) per session were devised by a supervis...

Alfonso Corniello, and Daniela Ducci

The presence of phenomena of salt water intrusion in aquifers located in coastal urbanized areas, especially depended on the use of groundwater, is a widespread problem in the world. The study deals with the large coastal belt of the Municipality of Naples(southern Italy), located between the volcanic areas of the Somma-Vesuvius (East) and the Phlegrean Fields (West). Three different coastal sectors were analysed: the plain of Bagnoli-Fuorigrotta (BF), the area of Mount Echia (E) and the area o...

Chuanlun eZhang, and Wei eXie, and Ana-Belen eMartin-Cuadrado, and Francisco eRodriguez-valera

Marine Group (MG) I (currently known as Thaumarchaeota) and MG II Archaea were first reported over two decades ago. While significant progress has been made on MG I microbiology and ecology, the progress on MG II has been noticeably slower. The common understanding is that while MG I mainly function as chemolithoautotrophs and occur predominantly in the deep ocean, MG II reside mostly in the photic zone and live heterotrophically. Studies to date have shown that MG II are abundant in the marine ...

I. Hernández-Carrasco, and J. Sudre, and V. Garçon, and H. Yahia, and C. Garbe, and A. Paulmier, and B. Dewitte, and S. Illig, and I. Dadou, and M. González-Dávila, and J. M. Santana-Casiano

An accurate quantification of the role of the ocean as source/sink of greenhouse gases (GHGs) requires to access the high-resolution of the GHG air–sea flux at the interface. In this paper we present a novel method to reconstruct maps of surface ocean partial pressure of CO₂ ( <i>p</i>CO₂) and air–sea CO₂ fluxes at super resolution (4 km, i.e., 1/32° at these latitudes) using sea surface temperature (SST) and ocean color (OC) data at this resolution, and CarbonTr...

Roy Latsch, and Joachim Sauter

In organic farming, the control of broad-leaved dock (<em>Rumex</em> <em>obtusifolius</em>) via hot-water treatment of the upper root region (hypocotyl) is a new alternative to the current standard control method involving manual digging-out of the roots. This comparative study looks at five different hot-water application techniques. The aim is to optimise the control method in terms of water and energy requirement to obtain a mortality rate of the treated plants of at least 80%. The studied pa...

Clodoaldo Tentes Côrtes, and Rafael Cleison Silva dos Santos, and Adriana de Souza Caroci, and Sheyla Guimarães Oliveira, and Sonia Maria Junqueira Vasconcelos de Oliveira, and Maria Luiza Gonzalez Riesco

AbstractOBJECTIVEPresenting methodology for transferring knowledge to improve maternal outcomes in natural delivery based on scientific evidence.METHOD: An intervention study conducted in the maternity hospital of Itapecerica da Serra, SP, with 50 puerperal women and 102 medical records from July to November 2014. The PACES tool from Joanna Briggs Institute, consisting of pre-clinical audit (phase 1), implementation of best practice (phase 2) and Follow-up Clinical Audit (phase 3) was used. Data...

Janaína Maria Martins Vieira, and Ruann Janser Soares de Castro, and Maria do Carmo Passos Rodrigues, and Marina Cabral Rebouças

This study aimed to obtain fish protein concentrate from mechanically deboned Nile tilapia using a modified methodology, as well as perform physical-chemical, microbiological and sensory analysis of the obtained product. The protein concentrate was obtained from mechanically deboned meat of Nile tilapia, by modifying an existing methodology, with changes in deodorizing and lipids removal steps. Chemical and physical-chemical raw material and product consisted of following analysis: moisture, fat...

Oscar Wilfredo Díaz Gamboa, and Luiz Antonio Gioielli

<abstract language="eng">The aim of this study is to evaluate the crystal structure of binary mixtures of palm kernel fat and fish oil, before and after chemical and enzymatic interesterification. The crystal structure was analyzed by polarized light microscopy. The addition of fish oil didn't change the palm kernel fat crystallization characteristics, spherullites of types A and B being observed. However, due to chemical and enzymatic interesterification, smaller crystals were obtained. There w...

W. Llovel, and A. Cazenave, and P. Rogel, and A. Lombard, and M. B. Nguyen

A two-dimensional reconstruction of past sea level is proposed at yearly interval over the period 1950–2003 using tide gauge records from 99 selected sites and 44-year long (1960–2003) 2&amp;deg;&amp;times;2&amp;deg; sea level grids from the OPA/NEMO ocean general circulation model with data assimilation. We focus on the regional variability and do not attempt to compute the global mean trend. An Empirical Orthogonal Function decomposition of the reconstructed sea level grids over 1950–2003 disp...

Arechavala-López, P., and Bayle-Sempere, J. T., and Sánchez-Jerez, P., and Valle, C., and Forcada, A., and Fernández-Jover, D., and Ojeda-Martínez, C., and Vázquez-Luis, M., and Luna-Pérez, B.

In the present study the fish assemblages in the rocky-bottom habitat of the Sierra Helada Natural Park (Alicante, Spain) were recorded to provide data for future evaluation of any changes induced by long-term management. Visual censuses were carried out along strip transects by Scuba diving on rocky bottoms at depths between 1 and 32 m. In the seven localities sampled, 44 species were recorded. Number of species, abundance, biomass and size structure values recorded did not show differences bet...

Carlos A. D. Lentini, and Edmo J. D. Campos, and Guillermo G. Podestá

In this article, thirteen years of weekly sea surface temperature (SST) fields derived from NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer global area coverage infrared satellite data, from January 1982 to December 1994, are used to investigate spatial and temporal variabilities of SST seasonal cycle in the Southwest Atlantic Oceano This work addresses large scale variations over the eastem South American continental shelf and slope regions limited offshore by the 1000-m isobath, between 42° and ...

Ann E Rahmann

Ann E RahmannDivision of Physiotherapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, AustraliaAbstract: Expert opinion considers the referral of people with osteoarthritis (OA) for physiotherapy to be a core component of managing the functional disability and pain of the disease. Clinical guidelines for the physiotherapy management of people with OA focus on three main areas: exercise, pain relief, and specific manual therapy techniques. Land-...

Matthew W. Schmidt, and Ping Chang, and Andrew O. Parker, and Link Ji, and Feng He

Abstract Multiple lines of evidence show that cold stadials in the North Atlantic were accompanied by both reductions in Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and collapses of the West African Monsoon (WAM). Although records of terrestrial change identify abrupt WAM variability across the deglaciation, few studies show how ocean temperatures evolved across the deglaciation. To identify the mechanism linking AMOC to the WAM, we generated a new record of subsurface temperature variabi...

F. Zheng, and J. Zhu

The 2006–2007 El Niño event, an unusually weak event, was predicted by most models only after the warming in the eastern Pacific had commenced. In this study, on the basis of an El Niño prediction system, roles of the initial ocean surface and subsurface states on predicting the 2006–2007 El Niño event are investigated to determine conditions favorable for predicting El Niño growth and are isolated in three sets of hindcast experiments. The hindcast is initialized through assimilation of only th...

Joana Silva

Parkinson Disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic cell bodies in the substantia nigra and oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of different algae extracts on the cell death induced by by 6-OH-dopamine on a neuronal human cell model (SH- SY5Y). The neuroprotective effect of methanolic and dichloromethane algae extract (<i>Padina pavonica,...

S. Esselborn, and S. Rudenko, and S. Rudenko, and T. Schöne

Interannual to decadal sea level trends are indicators of climate variability and change. A major source of global and regional sea level data is satellite radar altimetry, which relies on precise knowledge of the satellite's orbit. Here, we assess the error budget of the radial orbit component for the TOPEX/Poseidon mission for the period 1993 to 2004 from a set of different orbit solutions. The errors for seasonal, interannual (5-year), and decadal periods are estimated on global and reg...

Tsung-Han Yang, and Hsien-Tsung Yao, and Meng-Tsan Chiang

Gelidium amansii (GA) is an edible red algae that is distributed mainly in northeastern Taiwan. This study was designed to investigate the effects of GA on plasma glucose, lipids, and adipocytokines in rats with streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetes. Rats were divided into four groups: (1) rats without diabetes fed a high-fat diet (control group); (2) rats with diabetes fed a high-fat diet; (3) rats with diabetes fed a high-fat diet with thiazolidinedione in the diet; and (4) rats with di...

K. Subbaraman, and C. Kyalo, and A. Orwa, and E.B. Sarroukh

I.F. Eisenhauer, and E. Carlton

Oleya EL HARIRI, and Noureddine BOUCHRITI, and Rachid BENGUEDDOUR

Information provided by the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) concerning fishery products exported from several countries to the European market as well as those exported from Morocco, during a period of 11 years (2005-2015), were studied to analyze the occurrence of histamine. A number of 46 countries were notified on the basis of non-compliant histamine content in their exported products. The total number of RASFF notifications for histamine was 1.22 % of the total number of RASFF n...

Nilsonne Gustav, and Appelgren Alva, and Axelsson John, and Fredrikson Mats, and Lekander Mats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Recent advances in cell biology and gene regulation suggest mechanisms whereby associative learning could be performed by single cells. Therefore, we explored a model of classical conditioning in human macrophages <it>in vitro</it>. In macrophage cultures, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS; unconditioned stimulus) was paired once with streptomycin (conditioned stimulus). Secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was used as response measure. At evocation, conditioning was not observed...

LEONARDO D FERNÁNDEZ, and JAIME A ZAPATA

Los foraminíferos de las marismas salobres son utilizados como indicadores del cambio producido en el nivel del mar durante el Holoceno. No obstante, los foraminíferos de las marismas de Chile han sido escasamente estudiados por lo que se desconoce la factibilidad de utilizarlos para este fin. Para subsanar esto se desarrolló una investigación en el intermareal de la ensenada de Quillaipe, Chile, con los objetivos de determinar los foraminíferos y su distribución vertical; analizar los parámetro...

Griffith Jennifer M, and Brenner Alison T, and Lewis Carmen L, and Pignone Michael P

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We sought to determine whether a multi-modal intervention, which included mailing a patient reminder with a colon cancer decision aid to patients and system changes allowing direct access to scheduling screening tests through standing orders, would be an effective and efficient means of promoting colon cancer screening in primary care practice.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We conducted a controlled trial comparing the proportion of intervention patients who received...

Chen Wei, and Tan Yu-Yan, and Hu Yun-Yun, and Zhan Wei-Wei, and Wu Li, and Lou Yue, and Wang Xi, and Zhou Yi, and Huang Pei, and Gao Yuan, and Xiao Qin, and Chen Sheng-Di

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Objectives</p> <p>Both hyposmia and substania nigra (SN) hyperechogenicity on trascranial sonography (TCS) were risk markers for idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD), which was beneficial to the differential diagnosis of the disease. However, each of their single diagnostic value is often limited. The purpose of present study was to explore whether the combination of olfactory test and TCS of SN could enhance the differential diagnostic power in Chinese patients with PD.</p> <p...

Grotewold Erich, and Schwarz-Sommer Zsuzsanna, and Hernandez J Marcela, and Wilkinson Mark D, and Henry Isabelle M, and Mandoli Dina F

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Acetabularia acetabulum </it>is a giant unicellular green alga whose size and complex life cycle make it an attractive model for understanding morphogenesis and subcellular compartmentalization. The life cycle of this marine unicell is composed of several developmental phases. Juvenile and adult phases are temporally sequential but physiologically and morphologically distinct. To identify genes specific to juvenile and adult phases, we created two subtrac...

Ogutu Bernhards, and Esamai Fabian, and Were Fred, and Wasunna Aggrey, and Wamae Annah, and Mwakyusa Sekela, and Muriithi Assumpta, and Peshu Norbert, and English Mike

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The structured admission form is an apparently simple measure to improve data quality. Poor motivation, lack of supervision, lack of resources and other factors are conceivably major barriers to their successful use in a Kenyan public hospital setting. Here we have examined the feasibility and acceptability of a structured paediatric admission record (PAR) for district hospitals as a means of improving documentation of illness.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The PAR w...

Thomas W Kelley, and Bik Holly M, and Lunt David H, and Lambshead P John D

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Nematodes represent the most abundant benthic metazoa in one of the largest habitats on earth, the deep sea. Characterizing major patterns of biodiversity within this dominant group is a critical step towards understanding evolutionary patterns across this vast ecosystem. The present study has aimed to place deep-sea nematode species into a phylogenetic framework, investigate relationships between shallow water and deep-sea taxa, and elucidate phylogeographic...

Sergio Ricardo L. de Oliveira, and Maria Dalva de B. Carvalho, and Rosângela Getirana Santana, and Camila Hibari Kawazoe, and Eduardo Quirino dos Santos, and Fernanda Cabrera de Oliveira

OBJETIVO: Analisar metodologias de pesquisa sobre a utilização de assentos de segurança infantil. MÉTODOS: Quatro metodologias de pesquisa foram aplicadas, a fim de verificar o uso de assentos para transporte infantil em veículos que levavam crianças menores de quatro anos a uma creche, durante um dia letivo: inspeção sem entrevista, inspeção com entrevista, questionário auto-aplicativo e filmagem digital. As metodologias foram analisadas quanto à aceitação por parte dos sujeitos de pesquisa, ca...

S. Marcq, and J. Weiss

Leads are linear-like structures of open water within the sea ice cover that develop as the result of fracturing due to divergence or shear. Through leads, air and water come into contact and directly exchange latent and sensible heat through convective processes driven by the large temperature and moisture differences between them. In the central Arctic, leads only cover 1 to 2% of the ocean during winter, but account for more than 70% of the upward heat fluxes. Furthermore, narrow leads (sever...

V. Cocco, and F. Joos, and M. Steinacher, and T. L. Frölicher, and L. Bopp, and J. Dunne, and M. Gehlen, and C. Heinze, and J. Orr, and A. Oschlies, and B. Schneider, and J. Segschneider, and J. Tjiputra

Decadal-to-century scale trends for a range of marine environmental variables in the upper mesopelagic layer (UML, 100–600 m) are investigated using results from seven Earth System Models forced by a high greenhouse gas emission scenario. The models as a class represent the observation-based distribution of oxygen (O₂) and carbon dioxide (CO₂), albeit major mismatches between observation-based and simulated values remain for individual models. By year 2100 all models...

Ambroży Paulina

The study is a close reading of Moore’s poem “The Fish” (1918) through the conceptual lens of Gilles Deleuze’s trope of the fold, as explained in his influential 1988 study of Leibniz, The Fold: Leibniz and the Baroque. The purpose is to explore Moore’s (neo)baroque sensibility and her peculiar penchant for Baroque tropes, images and forms. The Deleuzian concept of the fold, with its rich epistemological implications and broad cultural applicability as the universal trope of crisis, change, unre...

C. M. Shackleton, and J. E. Granger, and B. Mckenzie, and M. T. Mentis

The grassland vegetation on the coast of north-eastern Pondoland was analysed after sampling of 113 quadrats in Mkambati Game Reserve. Data were summarised using TWINSPAN and DECORANA multivariate procedures. Several communities and subcommunities are recognized and described in relation to measured abiotic variables. A primary gradient from the shore inland is evident, corresponding with changes in altitude, soil conductivity, soil organic matter and soil texture. Time since the last fire influ...

M. O'Callaghan

The vegetation in and around eleven estuaries flowing into False Bay was surveyed during 1980 and 1981. Use was made of colour aerial photographs and a combination of dominance and phytosocioiogical techniques. Of the communities established, three are aquatic and four are described as emergent or wetlands. Of the terrestrial communities, five are described as fynbos and four occur on coastal sands. One community consists solely of alien plants. The communities thus classified generally compare ...

R. A. Lubke

Detailed information on the colonization and succession of the sand dunes, dune slacks and rocky outcrops along the coast between the Riet and Kleinemonde Rivers is provided. The main reasons for the paucity of plants on the vast dune system are the movement of sand by wind and the inconsistent rainfall. Zonation of species along a dune transect is not particularly marked although a greater diversity of species is found in the dune slacks where an increased amount of seepage moisture occurs. Rec...

P. Janhunen, and P. Janhunen, and A. Sandroos

One possibility for propellantless propulsion in space is to use the momentum flux of the solar wind. A way to set up a solar wind sail is to have a set of thin long wires which are kept at high positive potential by an onboard electron gun so that the wires repel and deflect incident solar wind protons. The efficiency of this so-called electric sail depends on how large force a given solar wind exerts on a wire segment and how large electron current the wire segment draws from the solar ...

Philippe Massicotte, and Raphaël Proulx, and Gilbert Cabana, and Marco A. Rodríguez

Environmental homogenization in coastal ecosystems impacted by human activities may be an important factor explaining the observed decline in fish species richness. We used fish community data (>200 species) from extensive surveys conducted in two biogeographic provinces (extent >1,000 km) in North America to quantify the relationship between fish species richness and local (grain <10 km2) environmental heterogeneity. Our analyses are based on samples collected at nearly 800 stations over a peri...

Kerry A. Hadfield, and Lillian J. Tuttle, and Nico J. Smit

The new cymothoid species, Elthusa winstoni sp. n., a branchial parasite of fishes from the family Acanthuridae Bonaparte, 1835 in Hawaii, is described and figured. The female adults can be distinguished by the strongly vaulted body and compacted body shape; rostrum with a small median point; short antennae which are close together (only 6 articles in both antennula and antenna); short and wide uropods extending to half the length of the pleotelson; short dactyli on pereopod 7;...

Agustina Undabarrena, and Fabrizio Beltrametti, and Fernanda Paz Claverías Ramos, and Myriam González, and Edward R. B. Moore, and Michael Seeger, and Beatriz Patricia Cámara

Bioprospecting natural products in marine bacteria from fjord environments are attractive due to their unique geographical features. Although Actinobacteria are well known for producing a myriad of bioactive compounds, investigations regarding fjord-derived marine Actinobacteria are scarce. In this study, the diversity and biotechnological potential of Actinobacteria isolated from marine sediments within the Comau fjord, in Northern Chilean Patagonia, were assessed by culture-based approaches. T...

Reda F.M. Elshaarawy, and Christoph Janiak

Biofouling is a serious problem and very difficult to overcome, since the marine biofilm-producing microorganisms resist the host defense mechanism and antibiotic therapy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop potent anti-biofouling agent to effectively eradicate unwanted biofilms. Our work represents antibacterial susceptibility and antibiofilm forming assay of new copper(II) N-pyruvoyl anthranilate architectures (4a–d) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, marine isolates...

Simon R. Bush, and Melissa J. Marschke

Resilience deals explicitly with change and provides a middle ground between the social and the environmental sciences. However, a growing critique by social scientists questions the ability of resilience thinking to adequately examine the social dimensions of change. The question that emerges is how social scientists should engage with resilience. We addressed this question by comparing resilience with agrarian change and transitions theory, through the backdrop of the fastest growing global fo...

Marc Balsalobre, and Owen S. Wangensteen, and Creu Palacín, and Sabrina Clemente, and José Carlos Hernández

We tested the suitability of three different kinds of artificial collectors designed for quantitative assessment of echinoid settlement rates: (1) nylon nets containing plastic biofilter balls, (2) vertical scrub brushes with vegetal bristles and (3) horizontal triangular mats of coconut fibre. We measured the collecting efficiency by counting the number of post-larvae of two sea urchin species (Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula) gathered by each collector and deployed in two geographic a...

Poliana Barbosa da Riva, and Ana Tiyomi Obara, and Harumi Irene Suzuki

The research aimed to investigate the ethnoichthyologics there are fishermen’s knowledge region of the upper Paraná River, as well as analyze how teachers from area schools promote the dialogue between the scientific and popular knowledge with their students. The popular fishermen’s knowledge on fish was obtained through personal interviews. It was also developed an educational workshop and questionnaire applied to teachers, to identify the concepts and practices to teach them about the iss...

Ana Paula Lemke, and Yzel Rondon Súarez

OBJECTIVES: Among the most relevant issues in community ecology is the influence of different ways of addressing the pattern of diversity and distribution of species, and based on this, the present study sought to evaluate the influence of landscape and local characteristics on the richness and composition of fish assemblages in the Ivinhema River basin. METHOD: In the present study, we used data of distribution of fish species in 25 stretches of streams of the Ivinhema River basin, Upper Paraná...

Bruno L. Mourato, and Carlos A. Arfelli, and Alberto F. Amorim, and Humberto G. Hazin, and Felipe C. Carvalho, and Fábio H. V. Hazin

In the present study, a cluster analysis, in relation to the species composition of the catches, was used to classify 6,486 fishing sets by a longline fleet based in São Paulo State, Brazil, from 1998 to 2006. Based on the proportions of 12 species and three broader species groups, three clusters were identified: C1: other fishes; C2: blue shark; C3: swordfish. Results indicated that the fleet targeted mainly blue shark and swordfish and also showed that the blue shark importance in this fishery...

M. Abu Sayeed, and AH Syedur Rahman, and Md. Hazrat Ali, and Mir Masudur Rhaman, and J Ashraful Haq, and Akhter Banu

Background and objective– Disaster prone coastal population has least accessibility to health care and very little is known about the prevalence of diabetes, diabetic retinopathy (DR) and visual impairment. This study addressed the prevalence of visual impairment and DR and risk factors related to DR among population residing in disaster prone areas of Bangladesh. Methods: Thirty-two coastal communities in six coastal districts were purposively selected. All coastal people of age 18 years or ...