B. P. Williams, and D. C. Fritts, and C. Y. She, and R. A. Goldberg

The winter MaCWAVE (Mountain and convective waves ascending vertically) rocket campaign took place in January 2003 at Esrange, Sweden and the ALOMAR observatory in Andenes, Norway. The campaign combined balloon, lidar, radar, and rocket measurements to produce full temperature and wind profiles from the ground to 105 km. This paper will investigate gravity wave propagation in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere using data from the Weber sodium lidar on 28–29 January 2003....

L. Istomina, and G. Heygster, and M. Huntemann, and P. Schwarz, and G. Birnbaum, and R. Scharien, and C. Polashenski, and D. Perovich, and E. Zege, and A. Malinka, and A. Prikhach, and I. Katsev

The presence of melt ponds on the Arctic sea ice strongly affects the energy balance of the Arctic Ocean in summer. It affects albedo as well as transmittance through the sea ice, which has consequences for the heat balance and mass balance of sea ice. An algorithm to retrieve melt pond fraction and sea ice albedo from Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) data is validated against aerial, shipborne and in situ campaign data. The results show the best correlation for landfast and multiy...

Fa-huan Yuan, and Wei-ping Hou, and Dai-hong Wang, and Xiang Du, and Li-xia Guang, and Ying Zhang, and Fang Pang

Objective: To analyze the clinical features and prognosis of patients suffering from fish bile poisoning. Methods: A total of 156 multiple organ failure (MOF) patients caused by fish bile poisoning were hospitalized in our department over the past 28 years. The patients’ symptoms, examination results, treatment and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results: All patients’ first symptom was gastrointestinal discomfort, including unbearable nausea and intractable vomiting. The symptoms that fol...

A. NICOLAIDOU

The benthic fauna was studied in the small, brackish water Mazoma Lagoon in the Amvrakikos bay. Benthic samples were collected at 10 stations at bimonthly intervals over a period of a year. Temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and sediment organic carbon were also measured at the same time. The environmental parameters showed the expected seasonal variability but the benthic community, the structure of which was only related to plant biomass, did not. This lack of seasonality is attributed to...

Ida K. Flink, and Christina Sfyrkou, and Bob Persson

The aim of this pilot study was to explore the effects of an early and customized CBT intervention, mainly delivered via internet, for adolescents with coexisting recurrent pain and emotional distress (low mood, worry, and/or distress). The intervention was based on a transdiagnostic approach, to concurrently target pain and emotional distress. A single case experimental design (SCED) was employed with six participants, 17–21 years old, who were recruited via school health care professionals at ...

J Moreira, and F Paschoal, and AD Cezar, and JL Luque

AbstractBetween March 2010 and August 2011 were necropsied 100 specimens of Sardinella brasiliensis (Steindachner, 1879), from the coast of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (22°51’S, 43°56’W), to study their community of metazoan parasites. All specimens of S. brasiliensis were parasitized by at least one species of metazoan parasite, with mean of 68.7 ± 71.2 parasites/fish. Eleven species were collected: 3 digeneans, 1 monogenean, 2 cestodes, 3 nematodes and 2 copepods. The digenean Myosacci...

Kürşat Fırat, and Şahin Saka, and Deniz Çoban

Richter Y, and Herzog Y, and Lifshitz Y, and Hayun R, and Zchut S

Yael Richter, Yael Herzog, Yael Lifshitz, Rami Hayun, Sigalit ZchutEnzymotec Ltd, K’far Baruch, IsraelObjective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of soybean-derived phosphatidylserine (SB-PS) (300 mg/day) in improving cognitive performance in elderly with memory complaints, following a short duration of 12 weeks’ SB-PS administration.Methods: SB-PS was administered daily for 12 weeks to 30 elderly volunteers with memory complaints (age range 50–90 years). Cognitive performan...

Elina Laanto, and Jaana K H Bamford, and Jouni Laakso, and Lotta-Riina Sundberg

Parasites provide a selective pressure during the evolution of their hosts, and mediate a range of effects on ecological communities. Due to their short generation time, host-parasite interactions may also drive the virulence of opportunistic bacteria. This is especially relevant in systems where high densities of hosts and parasites on different trophic levels (e.g. vertebrate hosts, their bacterial pathogens, and virus parasitizing bacteria) co-exist. In farmed salmonid fingerlings, Flavobacte...

Hadi Jamali, and Horiye Moghadam, and Nafiseh Pariche, and Hojatolah Jafaryan

Objective: To compare the the effects of the diets containing various fish viscera meal and effects of probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus sp., Bifidobacterium sp. and Streptococcus sp.) on the growth, survival and carcass composition of rainbow trout larvae. Methods: Twelve tanks consisting of triplicates for each treatment group were used. Triplicate groups of rainbow trout (176 mg bodyweight) were fed with three diets formulated with viscera meal (VM) derived from common carp (Cyprinus...

Medhat Abd El Barr

Objective: To evaluate exploitation status of the stocks of demersal fishes in Omani artisanal fisheries. Methods: Time-series data between 2005 and 2014 on catches and effort represented by the number of fishing boats were used to estimate catch per unit effort and maximum sustainable yields applying Schaefer surplus production model. Regression analyses were made online using GraphPad software. Results: The study revealed that increasing the number of boats on the fishery caused a decre...

Marita Boettcher, and Peter Hoffmann, and Hermann-J. Lenhart, and K. Heinke Schlünzen, and Robert Schoetter

Wind farms impact the local meteorology by taking up kinetic energy from the wind field and by creating a large wake. The wake influences mean flow, turbulent fluxes and vertical mixing. In the present study, the influences of large offshore wind farms on the local summer climate are investigated by employing the mesoscale numerical model METRAS with and without wind farm scenarios. For this purpose, a parametrisation for wind turbines is implemented in METRAS. Simulations are done for a domain ...

Jackson Tony, and Illsley Barbara

Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is now a requirement for virtually all new Scottish public sector strategies, plans and programmes (SPPs), whether of a statutory or of a voluntary nature, which are deemed likely to have significant environmental effects. This major extension of the EU SEA Directive by the Scottish Government has been deliberately designed to mainstream sustainable development in Scottish policy formulation. The paper reviews current progress in this direction, raising s...

Masoud Shahrani, and Mehdi Raissy, and Elahe Tajbakhsh

Introduction: Lactococcus garvieae is the causative agent of lactococosis in fish which is transmittable to human in the case of contact or consumption of infected fish. The bacteria has been highly prevalent in fish farms. Materials and methods: In this study, frequency and antimicrobial resistance of L. garvieae was studied in rainbow trout fish farms in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province. A total of 100 fish from 33 fish farms were collected in summer 2013 and were transmitted to the lab...

K. K. Yates, and D. G. Zawada, and N. A. Smiley, and G. Tiling-Range

Coral reefs serve as natural barriers that protect adjacent shorelines from coastal hazards such as storms, waves, and erosion. Projections indicate global degradation of coral reefs due to anthropogenic impacts and climate change will cause a transition to net erosion by mid-century. Here, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the combined effect of all of the processes affecting seafloor accretion and erosion by measuring changes in seafloor elevation and volume for five coral reef ecosyste...

. Widanarni, and Yani Hadiroseyani, and Asri Sutanti

<p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle" align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p class="NoParagraphStyle">Application of probiotic bacteria is an alternative technology to increase shrimp production in an environmentally friendly aquaculture. Administration of probiotic bacteria can be conducted through artificial feed or live food such as <em>Artemia</em>. This study was done to examine the effectiveness of various doses of probiotic <e...

Shahid Imran, and D.R. Emberson, and Amjad Hussain, and Hassan Ali, and Balazs Ihracska, and T. Korakianitis

This paper presents the performance and emissions contours of a hydrogen dual fueled compression ignition (CI) engine with two pilot fuels (diesel and rapeseed methyl ester), and compares the performance and emissions iso-contours of diesel and rapeseed methyl ester (RME) single fueling with diesel and RME piloted hydrogen dual fueling throughout the engines operating speed and power range. The collected data have been used to produce iso-contours of thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency, sp...

Susana A Cardenas, and Susana A Cardenas, and Daniel K Lew, and Daniel K Lew

Willingness to donate money for the conservation of endangered species may depend on numerous factors. In this paper, we analyze data from a survey given to tourists visiting Ecuador’s Galapagos National Park and Marine Reserve to investigate determinants of their willingness to donate (WTD) towards the conservation of two marine endangered species--the scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) and the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas). Specifically, we use regression analysis to analyze the...

Naser Morina, and Thomas Maier, and Richard Bryant, and Christine Knaevelsrud, and Lutz Wittmann, and Michael Rufer, and Ulrich Schnyder, and Julia M&#x00FC;ller

Objective: Many traumatised refugees suffer from both persistent pain and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). To date, no specific guidelines exist for treatment of this group of patients. This paper presents data on a pilot treatment study conducted with 15 traumatised refugees with persistent pain and PTSD. Methods: Participants received 10 sessions of pain-focused treatment with biofeedback (BF) followed by 10 sessions of Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET). Structured interviews and standardi...

SENNY HELMIATI, and SOEPARNO, and EKO SETYOBUDI

Setyobudi E, Soeparno, Helmiati S (2011) Infection of Anisakis sp. larvae in some marine fishes from the southern coast of Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. Biodiversitas 12: 34-37. The prevalence, intensity and distribution of Anisakis sp. larvae which infected some fishes at the southern coast of Kulon Progo District were investigated. Totally 95 fish specimens were collected during December 2007. Results of the present study indicated that the Anisakis sp. larvae infected various fish species i.e: Tri...

Michael R Goldstein, and Gregory F Lewis, and Ronnie Newman, and Janice M Brown, and Georgiy Bobashev, and Lisa Kilpatrick, and Emma M Seppälä, and Diana H Fishbein, and Sreelatha Meleth

Background: While efficacy of Sudarshan Kriya Yoga (SKY) has been demonstrated in a number of prior studies, little is known about the effects of SKY taught as part of the Your Enlightened Side (YES+) workshop designed for college students and other young adults. Aims: This study aimed to assess the effects of YES+, a yogic breathing-based life skills workshop, on multiple measures of well-being and physiological stress response. Materials and Methods: Two nonrandomized open-trial pilot studies ...

H R Jerajani, and C Janaki, and Sharath Kumar, and Meghana Phiske

Background : Sertaconazole is a new, broad spectrum, fungicidal and fungistatic imidazole with added antipruritic and anti-inflammatory activity that would provide greater symptomatic relief and hence would be beneficial in improving the quality of life for the patient with dermatophytoses. Aims and Objectives : To compare efficacy and safety of sertaconazole, terbinafine and luliconazole in patients with dermatophytoses. Materials and Methods : 83 patients with tinea corporis and tinea cruris i...

Egert VANDEL, and Tiit VAASMA, and Tiiu KOFF, and Jaanus TERASMAA

This study demonstrates the effect of drastic water-level changes to the aquatic vegetation in three small oligotrophic lakes situated in Kurtna Kame Field in north-eastern Estonia. The area holds around 40 lakes in 30 km2 of which 18 lakes are under protection as Natura Habitat lakes (Natura 2000 network). The area is under a strong human impact as it is surrounded by oil shale mines, sand quarry, peat harvesting field etc. The most severe impact comes from the groundwater intake established in...

Silvia Andreis Witkoski, and Márcia Lorena Fagundes Chaves

Abstract The use of art as therapy for patients with Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the opportunity of art expression and is conducted with therapeutic purposes. Art in the context of dementia provides a unique window into the cognitive processes of various brain regions. Objective: To evaluate association between the severity of cognitive deficit and artwork (type, material, and quality) produced by AD patients in a pilot program. Methods: Eleven patients were evaluated in a weekly q...

Andriy Goncharuk, and Iryna Troyan

The article is devoted to the substantiation of trade and economic priorities of Ukraine’s integration into the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC). The country’s integration options have been analyzed including the Western European vs. pro-Russian integration vector, the bidirectional gravity model, and an alte — native subregional cooperation direction. Ukraine’s sectoral priorities for deepening economic cooperation with the BSEC member countries in the context of implementation of the nati...

Martina Di Iulio Ilarri, and Allan Tainá de Souza, and Paulo Roberto de Medeiros, and Renato Grotta Grempel, and Ierecê Maria de Lucena Rosa

The effects of tourist visitation and food provisioning on fish assemblages were assessed by visual censuses (stationary technique) carried out in a tropical reef in Northeastern Brazil. Comparisons of species abundance, richness, equitability, and trophic structure in the presence (PT) and absence (AT) of tourists suggest that tourist visitation and supplementary food influenced the structure of the fish assemblage, as follows: (a) diversity, equitability and species richness were significantly...

Sokolov K. M.

The aim of the work is the search for resources to increase the fullness and complexity of using commercial catches of the red king crab and snow crab in the Barents Sea. The causes of the by-catches during the new trap fishery for commercial crustaceans in the Barents Sea have been analyzed and discards from the catches have been estimated. The main portion of discards is crab processing wastes, including the cephalothorax and internal organs and tissues placed in. According to estimations in 2...

PD. Freitas, and MR. Calgaro, and PM. Galetti Jr.

Genetic variation within and between fifteen closed broodstock lines of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, reared at different hatcheries in the Brazilian coast, was assessed by RAPD analysis. Fifty two polymorphic loci were identified when a set of five decamer primers was used in PCR. The genetic diversity analysis within lines evidenced genetic variation loss probably related to bottleneck effects and inbreeding. In addition, the genetic divergence values between the different sam...

J. H. Nienhuis, and J. H. Nienhuis, and J. H. Nienhuis, and A. D. Ashton, and A. J. Kettner, and L. Giosan

The distinctive plan-view shape of the Ebro Delta coast reveals a rich morphologic history. The degree to which the form and depositional history of the Ebro and other deltas represent autogenic (internal) dynamics or allogenic (external) forcing remains a prominent challenge for paleo-environmental reconstructions. Here we use simple coastal and fluvial morphodynamic models to quantify paleo-environmental changes affecting the Ebro Delta over the late Holocene. Our findings show that thes...

Pedro Miguel Guerreiro, and Sonda Parker, and J. Larry Renfro

Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is a crucial ion for vertebrate life. In addition to many physiological roles it is, together with calcium, the major element forming the internal skeleton and Pi balance has been considered a secondary consequence of calciotropic endocrine factors. However, contrary to calcium which can be readily obtained from even Ca-poor environments, Pi is not available in water, and fish can only obtain it via the food. Intestinal absorption drives Pi into the blood stream, but a c...

Anita Mukherjee

One of the goals of environmental monitoring is the detection of potentially hazardous compounds in water. We have set up a standard method to apply the Comet assay in aquatic plants that could be of great interest to evaluate cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress on the same species regarded as most sensitive to environmental pollutants. The aim of the present study was to set up of standardized procedure to evaluate genotoxicity in aquatic plants- Ceratophyllum demersum one that is ...

Simón Ruiz, and Bartolomé Garau, and Miguel Martínez-Ledesma, and Benjamín Casas, and Ananda Pascual, and Guillermo Vizoso, and Jérôme Bouffard, and Emma Heslop, and Alberto Alvarez, and Pierre Testor, and Joaquín Tintoré

This paper summarizes the glider activities carried out in the last 5 years by the IMEDEA Department of Marine Technologies, Operational Oceanography and Sustainability (TMOOS). TMOOS has been operating gliders in the Western Mediterranean Sea since 2006 and has set-up electronic and maintenance laboratories in order to establish a key glider port in the area. Twenty-two glider missions have been performed to date and over 17000 hydrographic and biogeochemical profiles collected. TMOOS is using ...

Michele-Lee Moore, and Ola Tjornbo

As the 2005 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment revealed, many social-ecological systems around the world are currently being governed unsustainably. Consequently, social innovation is needed to transform current governance regimes and introduce new more resilient arrangements. Although dominant institutions and social groups may resist such innovations which threaten the status quo and their interests, groups on the margins of the established social order can often trigger governance transformation...

Douglas Monteiro da Silva, and Mariela Cája Oliveira Nunes, and Paulo José de Andrade Lira Oliveira, and Maria das Graças Wanderley de Sales Coriolano, and Flávia de Araújo Berenguer, and Otávio Gomes Lins, and Dayanna Karla Gonzaga Ximenes

A doença de Parkinson (DP) é uma doença degenerativa e progressiva do sistema nervoso central, e seus sintomas podem proporcionar um declínio da qualidade de vida (QV) dos pacientes, que pode ser influenciada positivamente pela fisioterapia aquática (FA). A FA é um recurso fisioterapêutico que utiliza os efeitos físicos, fisiológicos e cinesiológicos advindos da imersão do corpo em piscina aquecida. O questionário da doença de Parkinson 39 (PDQ-39) é o instrumento mais apropriado para a avaliaçã...

Noppawan Chimsung

Maturation diets for shrimp ideally comprise excellent digestible protein, essential fatty acids, and cholesterol and chemo-attractant properties which are found in natural food sources in the shrimp habitat. Fresh feeds typically including polychaete worms, mollusks and crustaceans have been extensively used for shrimp broodstock. However, their nutritional value can vary with species, season of harvest and life stage. Alternatively, compound diets have been formulated based on the nutritio...

Éder José dos Santos, and Arlene Bispo dos Santos, and Amanda Beatriz Herrmann, and Suzete Kulik, and Loana Mara Baika, and Luciano Tormen, and Adilson José Curtius

An on-line method for Cd and Pb pre-concentration and simultaneous determination in acid digested seafood by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) was developed. The on-line pre-concentration was based on the complex formation of the analytes with the ammonium salt of O,O-diethyldithiophosphate (DDTP) and using the Amberlite XAD-4 resin as a solid support in a homemade column. Different conditions of the flow injection system, such as solutions flow rates, nebulizer ...

Sergio Henrique Canello Schalch, and Julieta Rodini Engracia de Moraes, and Flávio Ruas de Moraes

Este trabalho descreve a ocorrência e a sazonalidade de parasitos em peixes de “pesque-pague” do município de Guariba, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil (21o15`22``S, 48o18`58``W e 595 m de altitude), durante o período de agosto de 2001 a julho de 2002. A presença de parasitos foi pesquisada em pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Characidae), carpacomum Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae), tilápia-do-Nilo Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae), híbrido tambacu (macho de P. mesopotamicus x fêmea de tambaqui-Colossoma ma...

M. Heinemann, and A. Timmermann, and U. Feudel

We develop a conceptual coupled atmosphere-ocean-ecosystem model for the tropical Pacific to investigate the interaction between marine biota and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Ocean and atmosphere are represented by a two-box model for the equatorial Pacific cold tongue and the warm pool, including a simplified mixed layer scheme. Marine biota are represented by a three-component (nutrient, phytoplankton, and zooplankton) ecosystem model. <br><br> The atmosphere-ocean model exhibits a...

Zelinda M. A. N. Leão, and Ruy K. P. Kikuchi, and Beatrice P. Ferreira, and Elizabeth G. Neves, and Hilda H. Sovierzoski, and Marília D. M. Oliveira, and Mauro Maida, and Monica D. Correia, and Rodrigo Johnsson

Abstract Brazilian coral reefs form structures significantly different from the well-known reef models, as follows: (i) they have a growth form of mushroom-shaped coral pinnacles called "chapeirões", (ii) they are built by a low diversity coral fauna rich in endemic species, most of them relic forms dating back to the Tertiary, and (iii) the nearshore bank reefs are surrounded by siliciclastic sediments. The reefs are distributed in the following four major sectors along the Brazilian coast: the...

T. Fikret Kurnaz

It is necessary to perform detailed soil investigations for reliable constructions in settlement areas which have a suitable topography for natural disasters such as earthquake, landslide etc. The regional and parcel-based ground surveys have great importance especially for the earthquake resistant building design in new settlement areas and the revision of the existing settlement areas. Presentation of soil properties and analysis results with zoning maps in the surveys for land use planning, c...

Leonardo Koerich, and Daniel Paludo Brunetto, and Eduardo Terumi Blatt Ohira

ABSTRACT Introduction: This pilot study had as main objective to test the reliability of a new method to evaluate orthognathic surgery outcomes and also, to understand the effect of hard tissue changes on soft tissue displacement. Methods: The sample consisted of eight patients that underwent bimaxillary advancement and had CBCT at two time points (before surgery and 6-8 months follow-up). Voxel-based cranial base superimposition was used to register the scans. A different technique of iterat...

M. Karkhane Yousefi, and M. Seyed Hashtroudi, and A. Mashinchian Moradi, and A.R. Ghasempour

Breast cancer is the most common cancer type among women all over the world. Chemotherapy is the use of anticancer medicines for treating cancer but it has many side effects and cells may become resistant to these chemical medicines. Therefore, finding new compounds of natural origin could be a promising solution to this problem. The aim of the current study was to evaluate anticancer activity of fucoxanthin which is the most important carotenoid found in the marine brown seaweeds and diatoms. f...

Ulgen Aytan, and Ali Muzaffer Feyzioglu, and Andre Valente, and Ertugrul Agirbas, and Elaine S. Fileman

Summary: We investigated biomass and composition of the pico-, nano- and microplankton communities in a coastal station of the southeastern Black Sea during 2011. We also examined trophic interactions within these communities from size-fractionated dilution experiments in February, June and December. Autotrophic and heterotrophic biomasses showed similar seasonal trends, with a peak in June, but heterotrophs dominated throughout the year. Autotrophic biomass was mainly comprised by nanoflagellat...

P. L. Woodworth, and C. W. Hughes

This paper describes how we are contributing to worldwide height system unification (WHSU) by using ocean models together with sea level (tide gauge and altimeter) information, geodetic (GPS and levelling) data, and new geoid models based on information from the GRACE and GOCE gravity missions, to understand how mean sea level (MSL) varies from place to place along the coast. For the last two centuries, MSL has been used to define datums for national levelling systems. However, there are many pr...

Daniel A. Sasson, and Joseph F. Ryan

Ctenophores (comb jellies) are emerging as important animals for investigating fundamental questions across numerous branches of biology (e.g., evodevo, neuroscience and biogeography). A few ctenophore species including, most notably, Mnemiopsis leidyi, are considered as invasive species, adding to the significance of studying ctenophore ecology. Despite the growing interest in ctenophore biology, relatively little is known about their reproduction. Like most ctenophores, M. leidyi is a simultan...

Samara de Paiva Barros-Alves, and Ariádine Cristine Almeida, and Vivian Fransozo, and Douglas Fernandes Rodrigues Alves, and José Carlos da Silva, and Valter José Cobo

AIM: The population biology of the freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium jelskii was investigated here emphasizing the length-frequency distribution, sex ratio, reproductive period and juvenile recruitment. In addition, the abundance of individuals was correlated with the abiotic factors. METHODS: Samples were collected on a monthly basis from July 2005 to June 2007 along the river margin in shallow water of Grande River, at Planura region, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil (20º 09' S and 48º 40' W), usin...

BRÂNDUŞA CHIOTOROIU, and E. ȘEMȘEDIN

The arctic and Antarctic regions are difficult to navigate because of their severe maritime conditions. Weather forecast, forecast of the sea ice and icebergs dynamics are extremely important when planning ships routes and tourism activities including embarkation/disembarkation from boats or landing operations. New meteorological services have been created in the arctic region for broadcast purposes. The information provided by these services and received onboard ships is presented in this paper...

Uttam Kumar Sarkar, and Ajey Kumar Pathak, and Lalit Kumar Tyagi, and Satyendra Mohan Srivastava, and Shri Prakash Singh, and Vineet Kumar Dubey

In India, freshwater environments are experiencing serious threats to biodiversity, and there is an urgent priority for the search of alternative techniques to promote fish biodiversity conservation and management. With this aim, the present study was undertaken to assess the fish biodiversity within and outside a river protected area, and to evaluate whether the protected river area provides some benefits to riverine fish biodiversity. To assess this, the pattern of freshwater fish diversity wa...

Robert S. Hanley, and John T. Stoffel, and Ralph M. Zagha, and Arthur Mourtzinos, and John F. Bresette

Purpose: We evaluated the effectiveness of combining behavioral therapy, pharmacologic therapy and endoscopic hydrodistension for treating painful bladder syndrome / interstitial cystitis (PBS/IC). Materials and Methods: Twenty-five patients with PBS/IC were prospectively enrolled in a pilot multimodal behavioral, pharmacologic and endoscopic treatment protocol. Behavioral modification included diet recommendations, fluid restriction to 64 oz. /day, progressive timed voiding and Kegel exercises....

O. Bonilla-Findji, and J.-P. Gattuso, and M.-D. Pizay, and M. G. Weinbauer

A 18 month study was performed in the Bay of Villefranche to assess the episodic and seasonal variation of autotrophic and heterotrophic ecosystem processes. A typical spring bloom was encountered, where maximum of gross primary production (GPP) was followed by maxima of bacterial respiration (BR) and production (BP). The trophic balance (heterotrophy vs. autotrophy) of the system did not exhibit any seasonal trend although a strong intra-annual variability was observed. On average, the communit...