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191701
博碩士論文
HOU,TAI-YANG, 侯台樣
碩士 / 大漢技術學院 / 流通與行銷管理研究所 / 101 / The household sewage piping is one important indicator of international appraisal of living quality for countries and acts as one of the national competitiveness indicators assessed by Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne. In recent years, the government has devoted substantial budget to the “Challenge 2008 – National Development Plan,“New Ten-Projects,”Fourth Stage of Sewage Construction Plan,” and “12 Major Construction Projects” to actively unfold th...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412350
191702
博碩士論文
Hsiu-Chin Chang, 張秀琴
碩士 / 中原大學 / 土木工程研究所 / 92 / Abstract In this research, the range of all river basin is consist of several mainstreams including Danshui River, Keelung River, Sindian River, Tahan River. Taipei City is used as a main area of population <a href="http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=distribution&v=56">distribution</a> as well as the definition of boundary of building sewage sewer. In this investigation, the mode of QUAL2E is the simulator of <a href="http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=water&v=56"...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412349
191704
博碩士論文
Hsi-HsunWang, 王錫旋
碩士 / 國立成功大學 / 系統及船舶機電工程學系 / 102 / The purpose of this study is to increase the quality of the underwater acoustic communication (UAC) and capable to transmitted the large amounts of data under multipath environment. The transmitted binary data is formatted by pattern time delay shift coding regime (PDS) and modulated by binary phase shift-keying (BPSK). At the receiving end, fast self-optimized least mean squares algorithm (FOLMS) of the equalizer and passive time reversal mirror (TRM) are used ...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412347
191705
博碩士論文
Borhan Huang, 黃博凾
碩士 / 東吳大學 / EMBA高階經營碩士在職專班 / 99 / The Discounted Cash Flow Models ignore the high risky uncertainties of the investment environment and flexible strategic actions that may be taken when facing these uncertain risks. This leads to inadequate investments and reduces the competitive ability of enterprises. The Real Option pricing model quantifies the uncertain risks that have been neglected in the traditional appraising tools, and thus the true value of the investment reward can be measured more ac...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412346
191706
博碩士論文
Wu, Hsien Sang., 吳銜桑
碩士 / 國立高雄第一科技大學 / 營建工程系 / 89 / Abstract Key Words:Sewerage System、Design/Build、Contractor Selection Process The percentage of population served by sewerage system is recognized as one of the indices to measure the level of the modernization and the competitive advantage of a country. The household pipe-connection defined as the work connecting the facilities of user to the public sewerage system is always the last stage and crucial for the function of entire sewerage syste...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412345
191707
博碩士論文
鄭政揚
碩士 / 國立交通大學 / 管理學院管理科學學程 / 100 / In the recent years, Taiwan government fiscal deficits have been growing up tremendously due to various welfare programs. However, government expenditure budget is constrained by less taxes and slowdown economy growth. To do our non-stop public infrastructure without postponing events, it is an efficient way to bring the non-government fund in. Sewerage system is indispensible to a modern city. How common and necessary it is makes the living environment and l...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412344
191708
博碩士論文
Hsiu-Hung Lai, 賴岫弘
碩士 / 國立臺灣海洋大學 / 電機工程學系 / 100 / In the thesis, we propose a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF)-Gold sequences/orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) underwater multimedia communication scheme to enhance the multimedia communication performance, increase the utilization of the underwater channel bandwidth, and decrease the transmission power. The proposed schemes involving unequal error protection, adaptive modulation, power assignment, dir...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412343
191709
博碩士論文
簡秀蓉
碩士 / 建國科技大學 / 土木與防災研究所 / 99 / Sewage is one of the most important infrastructures of urban area. As the rapid development of Taichung City, construction of sewage sewer has become the main policy of the government. The geology of the Taichung basin is of recent alluvium with mainly gravel formation. The formation cementation of this area is weak while the Water permeability is good. Meanwhile the gravel is hard and sometimes the granular size is big (over 1.2 m). It increases the difficulty in w...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412342
191710
博碩士論文
Chih-Jung Chen, 陳志榮
碩士 / 中原大學 / 財經法律研究所 / 100 / The importance of the construction of sewer is related to not only national competitiveness but also the environment we live in, and only the protection and decontamination of rivers will provide future generations a sustainable living environment in the future. However, since public finances are growing lower and lower and the improvement of the public quality is to be hoped for with the philosophy of enterprise management, our government has put increasing emphasis ...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412341
191711
博碩士論文
Hsing-Yi Lin, 林欣怡
碩士 / 國立中興大學 / 環境工程學系所 / 101 / For decades in Taiwan, economics and population of metropolitan areas have grown rapidly. It brought not only economic benefits but also many environmental problems. However, water pollution prevention and management are not effective, because there are many small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) small factories in remote areas in Taiwan. In order to reduce costs of clearance and disposal of wastes and wastewaters, some unscrupulous manufacturers then illegally d...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412340
191713
博碩士論文
Hao-Yu, Yu, 游皓友
碩士 / 國立臺灣海洋大學 / 電機工程學系 / 101 / This thesis presents an underwater acoustic multimedia transmission scheme based on space time block code (STBC), gold sequence (GS), orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF)/orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based underwater acoustic multimedia (UWAM) communication. The proposed scheme integrates space-time block code strategies, GS, OVSF, a power assignment mechanism, OFDM, adaptive modulation, and unequal error protection in a UWAM system. An ...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412338
191714
博碩士論文
Te-Kuang Chan, 詹德光
碩士 / 國立臺灣海洋大學 / 電機工程學系 / 101 / This thesis, examines Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT)-based features for space-time block code (STBC) orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF)/orthogonal frequency division modulation (OFDM) underwater voice (II) transmission. The voice (II) samples were recordings of three male voices for a 5 s duration, and three male voices for a 10 s duration. The voice (II) sample was inputted into a Matlab-based STBC OVSF/OFDM underwater multimedia communication platform. Hi...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412337
191715
博碩士論文
Ching-chung Chou, 周慶忠
碩士 / 國立中山大學 / 環境工程研究所 / 93 / Abstract The sewage sewerage system is an important public infrastructure actively pushed by the government presently, since it can improve our environmental quality and promote the nation’s competitiveness. To minimize the government''s short-term financial burden and attract the private capital, vigor, and efficient management, the Executive Yuan encourages the private sector to participate the sewage sewer construction plans via the BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer) mo...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412336
191716
博碩士論文
Chien-Yao Chiu, 邱建堯
碩士 / 國立臺灣大學 / 生物環境系統工程學研究所 / 93 / The standard back propagation neural network (BPNN) uses the steepest descent method to search the optimal solution for the random initial value of connecting weights. However, the search result of this approach is highly dependent on the initial weights. It is difficult to tell whether the initial weights are close to the global minima and the searched solution could easily reach a local minimum when the weight space is complex. To solve this problem, the searc...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412335
191717
博碩士論文
Hong-Guo Wu, 吳宏國
碩士 / 國立中央大學 / 土木工程學系碩士在職專班 / 91 / Sewerage construction is an important aspect of a modern city. It represents the living standard, national competition, public sanitary and international status of the country. In the previous twenty years. The government install a lot of budget to build up the sewerage network system. According to the experience of the finished sewer, after using a period of time, because of the shortage of periodic maintenance or improper construction and piping material used,...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412334
191718
博碩士論文
Jian-ting Yang, 楊建亭
碩士 / 國立成功大學 / 系統及船舶機電工程學系碩博士班 / 97 / This thesis investigates the effect of load change on the voltage and current at the output terminals of Ballard Mark V PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell) and power converters used as the power source of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) using Matlab/Simulink. Since the PEMFC produces dc output voltage that is easily affected by a load change and polarization losses, the PEMFC output terminals are connected to dc–dc converters for converting the u...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412333
191719
博碩士論文
Yueh-Chin Huang, 黃月琴
碩士 / 國立中央大學 / 營建管理研究所在職專班 / 103 / Engineering service has been playing important role in the national construction projects and economic development. The quality of engineering service is directly related the function,efficiency and safety. In recent years, there were many new service items added to the scope of service, but the service fee was not adjusted. There were many projects extended or delayed and the payment in the extended period was not compensated and became dispute issues. The unfa...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412332
191720
博碩士論文
Zeng-Yi Li, 李振毅
碩士 / 國防大學理工學院 / 造船及海洋工程碩士班 / 97 / The main task of underwater weapons is capable of hitting the target fast and precisely. Due to the constraint on the finite space, the underwater weapon is merely able to consist of necessary maneuver and propulsion devices except warhead. Hence, if some appropriate ways for reducing the drag of underwater weapons could be found, the consumption of energy resources will be decreased effectively. Meanwhile, it could improve the operating performance, increase th...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412331
191721
博碩士論文
Kuan-Wen Chen, 陳冠文
碩士 / 國立臺灣大學 / 生物環境系統工程學研究所 / 103 / Recently, heavy rainfall owing to extreme precipitation events gives significant impact on the capacity of storm sewer systems in metropolises and thus inundation which will cause damage to homes and businesses occurs frequently. To prevent inundation or to reduce the damage resulted from it, a high-accuracy simulation tool is necessary to be developed.Therefore, we aim at analyzing the performance of two manhole inflow collection methods, including Method A: r...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412330
191722
博碩士論文
Ping-Yi Su, 蘇秉毅
碩士 / 國立臺灣大學 / 生物環境系統工程學研究所 / 103 / In recent years, the temperature has been rising due to climate change and rapid development of urban cities. Heavy rainfall often cause severe damages to lives and properties due to the increase of impervious areas and buildings which leads to a difficult discharge of rainwater; however, by constructing rainwater sewer systems in urban areas, we can avoid such flooding situations; therefore, we can evaluate different flooding situations by using simulation mod...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412329
191723
博碩士論文
Minghui Kuo, 郭明慧
碩士 / 國立中興大學 / 歷史學系所 / 103 / ABSTRACT The sewerage construction is a kind of public facilities closely associated with people’s daily lives. It can not only improve the environmental sanitation and the quality of life but also prevent the river from being contaminated and improve the quality of river basin, which can make the river return to nature. The sewerage construction has a deep influence in the environment and the urban development. It is considered one of the important indicators when ...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412328
191724
博碩士論文
Yu-WeiYang, 楊育瑋
碩士 / 國立成功大學 / 系統及船舶機電工程學系 / 103 / This thesis investigates the effect of load change on the voltage and current at the output terminals of Ballard Mark V PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell) and zero-voltage-switching converters used as the power source of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) based on Matlab/Simulink. Since the PEMFC produces dc output voltage that is easily affected by a load change and polarization losses, the PEMFC output terminals are connected to dc–dc converters for...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412327
191725
博碩士論文
Hsuan-FanChen, 陳璿帆
碩士 / 國立成功大學 / 系統及船舶機電工程學系 / 103 / SUMMARY This thesis incorporates image processing techniques and fuzzy logic controller for researching on an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) that allows static obstacle avoidance in clear and confined water conditions as the AUV moves along a straight line with a constant speed. A webcam is first installed insides a transparent acrylic hemisphere cap located in front of the AUV to capture images of the underwater environment, and an image processing algori...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412326
191726
博碩士論文
Chang,Chia Wei, 張家瑋
碩士 / 大葉大學 / 機械與自動化工程學系 / 102 / A circular cylinder sections for the best compression, but by the manufacturing technology, processes and other restrictions, practically impossible for the perfect circular cross section, and for the loss of the circular cylindrical configuration; or submarines underwater works, or a high-speed crash suffered torpedo attack reef cause its external and internal component damage, then cylindrical will be formed due to the impact of different types of out-of-round, t...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412325
191727
博碩士論文
Yeh Chih-Hsien, 葉志賢
碩士 / 國立高雄應用科技大學 / 金融資訊研究所 / 102 / The construction of wastewater sewerage system not only is helpful to the improvement of the living environment of the civilian, but also is helpful to the enhancement of national competitiveness, therefore, government has kept investing money in the related construction. However, the financial deficit of the government has kept deteriorating in recent years, hence, in order to release from short term financial stress, the government has tried aggressively to us...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412324
191728
博碩士論文
I-Ding Lin, 林怡廷
碩士 / 國立高雄應用科技大學 / 土木工程與防災科技研究所 / 94 / The present domestic sewerage constructors and other construction schedules are mostly evaluated by experience, and take the construction process as the representation of executive results. For the use of human resource, however, and the relationship between unit values are still maintaining on the experience-based stage for the schedule of human resource. It will be helpful to understand how the constructors operate their human resource if the involvement o...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412323
191730
博碩士論文
Ray-Wen Chang, 張瑞文
碩士 / 南台科技大學 / 高階主管企管碩士班 / 97 / With the development in the high-tech industry such as semiconductor and TFT-LCD industry, using highly pure water to remove the surface pollutant is a very important procedure. In the trend of size maximization and the production skill improvement, the cost of the industry water is increasing sharply. Also created relatively overall wastewater disposal expense increase. In sewage sewer working cost graduation aspect, Southern Taiwan Science Park is originally high...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412321
191731
博碩士論文
Chen Chin-Li, 陳建吏
碩士 / 國立屏東科技大學 / 土木工程系碩士班 / 92 / The fixed networking market has been fully privatized by the government. This action liberalized an open networking market for the telecom industry in Taiwan.Actually, the government did not organize a suitable underground conduit issue to meet customer service requirement for the fix-line companies except the CHT telecom.However,the Rain-Sewer cabling construction has been recognized as a critical solution being concerned by the public. Unfortunately, ...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412320
191732
博碩士論文
Sheng-Kai Liao, 廖勝凱
碩士 / 中華大學 / 營建管理學系碩士班 / 103 / In recent years, the government has been promoting public office reorganization policies¸ initiating the combination of offices, streamlining manpower, and the downgrading of organizational structures. As numbers of available procurement officials dwindle, it has become increasingly difficult to establish a functional capacity for the outsourcing of service procurements, causing further complications in sewage construction projects. Despite the development in the pr...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412319
191733
博碩士論文
Sheng-Yuan Chang, 張勝源
碩士 / 中原大學 / 土木工程研究所 / 92 / In recent years, with the economic fast development and increase of the artificial activity, the amount of <a href="http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=water&v=56">water</a> used increases sharply , so the sewage amount increases thereupon . But because the content of nutriment , such as organic carbon , nitrogen ,etc. is on the high side in the sewage, if will enter the rivers and creeks, cause the <a href="http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=water&v=56">water</a> p...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412318
191734
博碩士論文
Shuang-Fu Yeh, 葉双福
博士 / 國立中興大學 / 環境工程學系所 / 98 / The sewer network system (SNS) is not only reducing river pollutions but also facilitate reuse of water resources. It is a basic component of urban infrastructures in regard to development and raise environment quality of a country. SNS optimization is NP-hard, discretely and high complicacy nonlinear problem. Convention optimization techniques for designing SNS can result in over-design, wasting substantial public funds, easily trapped at local optima and unable to ...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412317
191735
博碩士論文
Ching-Nien Hsieh, 謝景年
碩士 / 國立中央大學 / 環境工程研究所在職專班 / 104 / Taiwan’s early residential construction didn’t enforce separation of sewage pipe and storm water pipe, which is why additional water along with underground water run into the same underground piping system during heavy rain and high tide situation. Such piping system can no long handle the amount of water from recent extreme weather condition, piping network becomes flood channel, and sewage plant station become a big pump station, resulting overloading or even ...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412316
191736
博碩士論文
Chun-LinWu, 吳俊霖
碩士 / 國立成功大學 / 系統及船舶機電工程學系 / 104 / This proposal presents an adaptive vehicle rotate angle system using dual micro-inertial sensor, which can apply to underwater environment. The system consists of vehicle rotate angle estimation module and PZT driving module to form adaptive front LED lighting system. Driving module is composed of two core components: symmetrical piezoelectric element and trussed preload structure. The design of the symmetrical piezoelectric element is utilizing the finite eleme...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412315
191737
博碩士論文
Ting-Ying Huang, 黃婷瑩
碩士 / 國立中興大學 / 環境工程學系所 / 101 / The sewage system has been one of the indispensable public facilities in a modern city. With the rapid development in Taichung, construction of sewage systems becomes one of the priorities for the administrative program. Most of the Taichung area in Taiwan is located onto a gravel stratum which is composed of large amount of big and hard gravels leading to the difficulties in sewage construction. This thesis is focused on analyzing the cost, time schedule, geologica...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412314
191738
博碩士論文
Lin, Shi-Hao, 林詩皓
碩士 / 國立臺灣海洋大學 / 電機工程學系 / 104 / 專利申請中
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412313
191740
博碩士論文
Pin-Hsuan Yu, 余品萱
碩士 / 國立中興大學 / 法律學系科技法律碩士班 / 105 / As the origin of Taichung City, Green River has been notorious for strongly unpleasant smell and highly polluted water body, especially the middle course that runs through the downtown area. Rapid urbanization and massive population releasing household wastewater directly into the river made it one of the most contaminated area in whole city. The wastewater left on ground also causes the spread of infectious diseases. All these negative impacts to Taichung resid...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412311
191741
博碩士論文
Chen chin.han, 陳錦翰
碩士 / 中華科技大學 / 土木防災工程研究所 / 99 / Xizhi has always been known as a place of flood. Situated within the path where typhoons often occur, the impression that flooding never ceases in Taiwan stays with the public. Confronted by global changes in the environment, the frequency of typhoon with its precipitation has brought several major disasters. For reducing the occurrence of flooding, dikes shall be heightened and pump stations shall be increased. In addition, the underground sewer system should also...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412310
191742
博碩士論文
Yang,WenChen, 楊文震
碩士 / 國立聯合大學 / 土木與防災工程學系碩士班 / 99 / This research analyzes the terrain and landform of Miao-Li city by utilizing ArcGIS to delimit the watershed of rainfall sewerage skeleton line. Using the rational formula to estimate the surface runoff discharge of watershed, the hydraulic model of Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is established to proceed the hydraulic routing. As a result, the SWMM model could simulate and get the variation of sewerage conduit water level, and also the situation of sewer ...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412309
191743
博碩士論文
Chien Hsien Lee, 李建賢
博士 / 國立臺灣大學 / 環境工程學研究所 / 99 / Like numerous other countries around the world, the Taiwanese government has introduced the concept and approach of Public-Private partnership (PPP) for initiating the delivery of public infrastructure projects. Therefore, Since 2001, Taiwan government promulgated “Act for Promotion of Private Participation in Infrastructure Projects”, which preselected thirteen types of major infrastructures, including wastewater treatment plants, to be funded and operated under Pu...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412308
191744
博碩士論文
Yu-Chief,Lin, 林煜傑
碩士 / 中華科技大學 / 土木防災工程研究所在職專班 / 103 / Sewage construction is one of the twelve public construction projects as the top priorities by Executive Yuan’s “i-Taiwan 12 Projects”, its important role to national development drive. the cooperation with local governments on the construction of sewage main pipes and the establishment of sewage treatment plants at the lower reaches to be indispensable. Buildings connected to sewage main pipes, such as offices, factories, hospitals and housings, should be imp...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412307
191745
博碩士論文
Zhong, Ya-Jian, 鍾雅健
碩士 / 國立臺灣大學 / 機械工程研究所 / 69 /
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412306
191746
博碩士論文
T.F. Hou, 侯天富
碩士 / 國立成功大學 / 造船及船舶機械工程學系 / 88 / In this study, we combined the H∞ control theory with Fuzzy-Adaptive controller to improve the tracking performance of Fuzzy-Adaptive controller in nonlinear cases. The unbiased estimation of states must be satisfied for Fuzzy-Adaptive controller to attenuate the tracking asymptically without disturbance, yet it is well known that the parameters and states of nonlinear systems are unknown, and the unbiased estimation of states is impossible for Fuzzy-A...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412305
191747
博碩士論文
Wen-Siung Chai, 蔡文雄
碩士 / 中原大學 / 土木工程研究所 / 97 / This research integrates real-time storm sewer simulation and Web GIS technology, in order to achieve early warning about urban inundations and reduce damage by flood disaster during storm period. The module of real-time storm sewer simulation (RTSS) was implemented by combining SWMM-RUNOFF, a rainfall-runoff model, and SWMM-EXTRAN, a storm sewer model, as well as the concept of real-time simulation; it is able to immediately perform hydrodynamic modeling for sewer flo...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412304
191748
博碩士論文
Po-Jen Fang, 方柏仁
碩士 / 逢甲大學 / 土木及水利工程所 / 92 / Abstract The sewerage system is one of the important public facilities for perfect metropolis development. Taiwan at present the government is constructing the sewerage system positively. For keep the sewerage system on normal operation, the huge operation and management fee will become the subject, which the government will soon face. The excessively high tariff can have the popular resentment and the excessively low tariff can aggravate the financial burden of the g...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412303
191749
博碩士論文
CHAO-CHOU LIN, 林昭洲
碩士 / 逢甲大學 / 土木及水利工程所 / 92 / ABSTRACT The infrastructure is an important subject to evaluate competitive ability for a country. The sewer system is one of the important part of the infrastructure in modern city. However, because many underground utilities do not implement sufficient detail plan and design, making every pipeline unit excavates the road to add or repair pipelines. As a result, causing the inhabitants to live inconveniently, retarding of the transportation, losing of the business...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412302
191750
博碩士論文
Chang, Fu-Hsien, 張福顯
碩士 / 國立臺北大學 / 企業管理學系 / 99 / Sewage infrastructure has always been an important item for evaluation of sound urban development, serving as the foundation for urban tourist industries and one of the indexes for national modernization. Priorities of sewage infrastructures are people’s requirements and support of user’s piping connection. Essential key factors include how to make people willing to accept the inconvenience brought about by working processes and partial loss of their existing interest...
來源: NDLTD
關鍵字: 水下
System ID: 412301