Bárbulo, Diego

The influence of sea ice seeding on the northern Baltic Sea´s pelagic phytoplankton spring bloom was studied in a laboratory experiment in which microcosms mimicked sea conditions. On March 26th, 2018, samples (ice cores and seawater) were taken from land-fast ice at a coastal station in the Gulf of Bothnia. The seeding experiment lasted for 9 days, during which a 12:12 hours light:dark incubation took place. Four different treatments (two with ice and two without it) were set up in twelve incub...

Nasonova, Sasha

Arctic sea ice is rapidly declining in extent, thickness, volume and age, with the majority of the decline in extent observed at the end of the melt season. Advanced melt is a thermodynamic regime and is characterized by the formation of melt ponds on the sea ice surface, which have a lower surface albedo (0.2-0.4) than the surrounding ice (0.5-0.7) allowing more shortwave radiation to enter the system. The loss of multiyear ice (MYI) may have a profound impact on the energy balance of the syste...

Zhang, Yanjie

1.1\xPolychaetes in the suborder Aphroditiformia are commonly called scale worms because they are characterized by having dorsal elytra or scales. Scale worms are a large group of polychaetes and play an important role in marine ecosystems. They are widely distributed in the sea, from the tropics to polar regions, and from the shallow water to the deep sea. Since the first discovery of hydrothermal vents in 1977, many deep-sea scale worms, most of which belong to the largest scale-worm family Po...

abstract: Sea ice algae dominated by diatoms inhabit the brine channels of the Arctic sea ice and serve as the base of the Arctic marine food web in the spring. I studied sea ice diatoms in the bottom 10 cm of first year land-fast sea ice off the coast of Barrow, AK, in spring of 2011, 2012, and 2013. I investigated the variability in the biomass and the community composition of these sea-ice diatoms between bloom phases, as a function of overlying snow depth and over time. The dominant genera w...

abstract: The ocean is vital to the health of our planet but remains virtually unexplored. Many researchers seek to understand a wide range of geological and biological phenomena by developing technologies which enable exploration of the deep-sea. The task of developing a technology which can withstand extreme pressure and temperature gradients in the deep ocean is not trivial. Of these technologies, underwater vehicles were developed to study the deep ocean, but remain large and expensive to...

abstract: Despite years of effort, the field of conservation biology still struggles to incorporate theories of animal behavior. I introduce in Chapter I the issues surrounding the disconnect between behavioral ecology and conservation biology, and propose the use of behavioral knowledge in population viability analysis. In Chapter II, I develop a framework that uses three strategies for incorporating behavior into demographic models, outline the costs of each strategy through decision analysis,...

Kumar, Vijay

Exchange of mass (water vapor), momentum, and energy between atmosphere andocean has profound influence on weather and climate. This exchange takes place at the air-sea interface, which is part of the marine atmospheric boundary layer. Various empirical relations are being used for estimating these fluxes in numericalweather and climate models but their accuracies are not sufficiently verified or tested over the Indian Ocean. The main difficulty is that vast areas of open o...

Moulin, Aimie

Cette thèse concerne l'étude de l'interaction air-mer, due aux échanges de mouvements, avec un modèle idéalisé mais consistant. Les études sont réalisées à partir d'un modèle shallow-water bicouches (une pour l'océan et une pour l'atmosphère), avec une fine résolution spatiale et temporelle. L'interaction est uniquement due à la friction de surface entre les deux couches.Elle est implémentée par une loi de friction quadratique. La force appliquée à l'océan est calculée en utilisant la différence...

Vermeulen, Estee

The relationship between the volume transport of the Agulhas Current at 34°S (the position of the Agulhas Current Time-series array) and the gradient of sea surface height across the current was investigated using a regional Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model. Previous studies have suggested a high correlation between SSH slope and Agulhas Current transport and, based on 3 years of in situ measurements, a transport proxy between along-track satellite data and in situ data was developed. The purpose o...

Apler, Anna

The health of the Baltic Sea is negatively affected by hazardous substances such as metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which include legacy pollutants that were banned decades ago, but still circulate in the ecosystem. Elevated levels of legacy pollutants, identified by HELCOM as key hazardous substances, have been found in accumulations of fibrous sediments, so-called fiberbanks and fiber-rich sediments, which derive from old pulp mills along the Swedish north coast. The fiberbank...

McLaughlin, Fiona Ann

Physical and geochemical tracer measurements were collected at one oceanographic station (Station A: 72 N 143 W) in the southern Canada Basin from 1989 to 1995, along sections from the Beaufort Shelf to this station in 1993 and 1995, and along a section westward of Banks Island in 1995. These measurements were examined to see how recent events in three upstream Arctic Ocean sub-basins impacted upon Canada Basin waters. Upstream events included Atlantic layer warming, relocation of the Atlantic/P...

Venugopal, Thushara

Abstract The diurnal cycle is a dominant mode of sea surface temperature (SST) variability in trop-ical oceans, that influences air-sea interaction and climate processes. Diurnal variability of SST generally ranges from ~0.1 to 2.0◦C and is controlled by atmospheric fluxes of heat and momentum. In the present study, the response of intraseasonal variability (ISV) of SST in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) to diurnal atmospheric forcings, during the summer monsoon of 2007, has been examined using an Ocean...

Salazar Oliva, Victoria María

Thesis submitted to the University of Heidelberg and University of Chile in fulfillment of requirements for the academic degree of Master in International Law, Trade, Investments and Arbitration. / On 23rd June, 1947 the Chilean President Gabriel González Videla declared the national sovereignty over the entire continental shelf adjacent to its coast and islands, the soil and subsoil and the superjacent waters to a distance of 200 nautical miles from baselines in order to reserve, protect,...

von Oelreich, Jacob

This licentiate thesis builds on the understanding that there is an urgent need for radical and systemic transformations towards sustainability in all parts of society, since current socio-ecological relations are highly unsustainable. The aim of the thesis is to explore emerging societal transformations towards strengthened sustainability through case studies within planning for sea-level rise and the food system, respectively. A warmer climate leads to rising sea levels. Although it is uncerta...

Siemes, Kerstin

Detailed information about the oceanic environment is essential for many applications in the field of marine geology, marine biology, coastal engineering, and marine operations. Especially, knowledge of the properties of the sediment body is often required. Acoustic remote sensing techniques have become highly attractive for classifying the sea bottom and for mapping the sediment properties, due to their high coverage capabilities and low costs compared to common sampling methods. In the last de...

Gdaniec, Sandra

The naturally occurring isotopes 231Pa and 230Th are used as tracers of marine biogeochemical processes. They are both produced from the radioactive decay of their uniformly distributed uranium parents (235U and 234U) in seawater. After production, 231Pa and 230Th are removed by adsorption onto settling particles (scavenging) and subsequently buried in marine sediments. 230Th is more particle reactive compared to 231Pa. Consequently, 230Th will be removed from the open ocean by adsorption onto s...

Bisaillon, Patrick

À la période Archaïque, la colonisation grecque avait pour but l’expansion et l’exportation des coutumes sociales des diverses cités États à travers différentes régions. Bien que le sujet de la colonisation grecque soit abondamment basé sur des sources primaires biaisées, causant une confusion concernant l’établissement du lien entre une cité mère et ses colonies, il demeure néanmoins qu’une connexion entre la cité de Milet et les colonies de la Mer Noire est observée au sein des institutions re...

Rossi, Giulia

Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2 emissions is causing wholesale shifts seawater carbonate chemistry towards a state of decreased carbonate ion concentration and reduced ocean pH. This change in water chemistry has potentially dire implications for marine organisms, especially those that build and maintain calcium carbonate structures. Our understanding of how ocean acidification may affect marine organisms is limited, as most studies have been short-term laboratory experiments. The CO2 flux f...

Osborne, Richard

The purpose of this study is to explore the implications of the historical perspective when it is linked to the ecological concept of adaptive management. The vehicle for this exploration is a genetically distinct population of killer whales (Orcinus orca), whose core coastal habitat includes the inland waters of Georgia Strait, Juan de Fuca Strait and Puget Sound; a geographic region referred to as the “Salish Sea.” This stock of killer whales, known as the Southern Resident Community, is uniqu...

Stewart, Howard MacDonald

This study presents five parallel, interwoven histories of evolving relations between humans and the rest of nature around the Strait of Georgia or North Salish Sea between the 1850s and the 1980s. Together they comprise a complex but coherent portrait of Canada’s most heavily populated coastal zone. Home to about 10% of Canada’s contemporary population, the region defined by this inland sea has been greatly influenced by its relations with the Strait, which is itself the focus of a number of ...

Nordström, Amelie

Persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDT and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) tend to accumulate in biota and are transferred through the aquatic food web, which result in a high accumulation in marine mammals. In recent years various novel flame retardants (nBFRs), which have replaced the banned PBDEs, have also started to occur in the environment. These nBFRs have similar properties as PBDEs, such as long-range transport and accumulation in biota. The p...

Wolf, Mitchell

Deep-water formation supplies oxygen-rich water to the deep sea, spreading throughout the ocean via the global thermohaline circulation. Models suggest that gases in newly formed deep-water do not come to equilibrium with the atmosphere. However, direct measurements during wintertime convection are scarce, and the controls over the extent of this disequilibria are poorly quantified. Here we show that oxygen is consistently undersaturated at -6.3% to -7.6% in the Labrador Sea at the end of convec...

Low, Charles J.

Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, the giant red sea urchins of the Pacific coast of North America, are customarily clumped. I set out to find out why, to identify the mechanisms which cause clumping, and to determine the benefits the urchins receive from clumping. The mechanisms which produce clumping include a preference for areas with current or surge and a hard bottom. Within suitable areas, density is low where the bottom is smooth and/or flat, and in deeper water. Where the bottom is rough ...

Paltzat, Debbie Lynne

The potential for California sea cucumber (Parastichopus californicus Stimpson) growth and production when in polyculture with suspended Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg) was investigated. A 12-month field study was undertaken at two oyster culture sites in British Columbia, Canada, to examine the rates of oyster biodeposition and the utilization of this particulate material as a food source by P. californicus. Peaks in sedimentation rates (93.6 g dry wt m⁻² d⁻¹ ) through 8.5 m w...

Ban, Stephen S.

Steller sea lions range across the Pacific rim from Southern California in the east to northern Japan in the west, where they have continuously occupied terrestrial resting sites (haulouts) and breeding sites (rookeries) for hundreds of years, if not longer. Why they choose (and stay) at these locations, and what their preferred habitat is, remains unknown. Thus, two aspects of the Steller sea lion's habitat usage were examined—the oceanographic and the terrestrial. For the oceanographic a...

Soto, Karim H.

The Peruvian upwelling system is one of the most unpredictable but productive marine ecosystems in the world that is regularly affected by El Nino and La Nina events. As a consequence, South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens) inhabiting the Peruvian coast face stochastic fluctuations in the abundance and distribution of their prey. The goal of my study was to determine the effects of marine environmental changes on the reproductive success of South American sea lions in Peru on the Ball...

Campbell, Ellen

Direct enforcement, originally coined by Eilstrup-Sangiovanni and Phelps Bondaroff, can be defined as a subcategory of direct action that claims to enforce a law. The author examines how anti-colonialism, anti-racism, tokenism, colonialism, statism, racism, whiteness, developmentalism, and neoliberalism operated within two direct enforcement campaigns: Sea Shepherd’s Operation GrindStop and Sea Shepherd’s Operation Jairo. Drawing on scholarship, media, and her own experiences of the campaigns, s...

Gregr, Edward James

Resource management is increasingly about the equitable distribution of benefits amongst a diversity of beneficiaries while ensuring the persistence of desirable social and ecological systems. Largely because of the complexity of social-ecological systems, models intended to support integrated resource management continue to suffer from poor treatment of uncertainty, and the challenges of defining appropriate model scope and benefit representation. I explored these challenges through the process...

Goundie, Elizabeth Thomson

Air-breathing divers, such as marine mammals, should adjust their diving behaviours in relation to the depth and density of their prey to minimize the energetic costs and maximize the benefits of foraging. However, there is little experimental data to test these predictions or to develop models to predict the responses of marine mammals to changes in prey availability. The objectives of my study were to 1) determine how changes in prey availability affect dive behaviour and foraging efficiency i...

Sparrow, Vanessa

This thesis is about the ways in which people tell stories about places and the importance of those stories to a community's capacity for adaptation and sustainability. I argue that the traditional discourse of sustainability is embedded within a rationalist, techno-scientific paradigm that precludes the inclusion of subjective, contextualised knowledge. If genuine sustainability is predicated on social and environmental justice, as I argue it is, then it requires an inclusive, ethical fram...

Gu, Jiujing

A feasibility study is presented of the use of a simple physical parameterization to estimate sea-surface net solar flux from radiance measurements taken by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on board National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) polar orbiting satellites. The scheme, which is based on Gautier's parameterization for geostationary satellite data, is revised for application to AVHRR data at high latitudes. The revised technique employs relationships amon...

Thomas, Andrew Charles

In-situ measurements of surface chlorophyll and zooplankton concentration are compared with in-situ hydrographic measurements and infrared satellite images of the west coast of British Columbia. Their relationships are quantified for a mid-summer and an early winter study period. Winter in-situ hydrographic data showed the shelf to be dominated by Vancouver Island Coastal Current water near-shore, Davidson Current water over the middle shelf, a frontal zone separating these regimes, and North Pa...

Li, Baozhang

The paper consists of five steps. The first step is to study and explore theories of order, time image, and meaning of place. A hypothetical equation is proposed which defines a place as having three basic components: time, order and meaning. Special attention is paid to the time image of a place through the thesis. The second step is to organize the theories as a set of systematic design ideas. Twelve design categories are further introduced, which include Rhythm, Season, Celebration, Layer, Fu...

Davidson, Robert Bruce

Six healthy males (mean age 34 +/- 1.9) from La Raya, Peru served as subjects in a study of the effects of a six week sea level exposure on the cardiac output of high altitude natives. The subjects had resided, as had their ancestors, at or above 13,000 ft for their entire lives. Cardiac output was measured upon exposure to sea level, three weeks later, and after six weeks at sea level using a CO₂ rebreathing protocol, and also upon exposure and six weeks later using a nuclear ventriculogram pro...

Mussells, Olivia

Pressured and ridged ice is a dangerous hazard facing ships in the Arctic. Ships can become stuck or beset in these conditions, which is environmentally and economically costly. Understanding where and when ridges form as a result of pressured ice is important for ensuring safe winter shipping operations; however there have been few studies to date regarding the distribution of ridges and their impacts within a geographic region. The Hudson Strait, which connects Hudson Bay and the Atlantic Ocea...

Sarpong, George Agyemang

The enforcement of vessel-source pollution, a problem of significant global dimensions, had been left entirely to flag-state competence outside the territorial seas. This was an unsatisfactory arrangement, since coastal states who were often most affected by such pollution had no means of enforcement, but had to resort to flag states who were often unwilling or even unable to do so. The Convention on the Law of the Sea provides, in addition, coastal and port-state enforcement and prescribes the...

Rueggeberg, Harriet

This thesis focusses on the conflict between the land use requirements of oil and gas development and wildlife habitat in the Beaufort Sea-Mackenzie Delta region, and how it is being resolved by the federal government. It is argued that even if values associated with wildlife and wildlife habitat were adequately recognized at the operational level, the government's mechanisms for land use planning and management are inadequate to ensure the long-term conservation of important wildlife resources....

Chiykowski, Gregory L.

The objective of this paper is to discuss "What federal government assistance measures, if any, might be appropriate for encouraging the development of a Canadian deep-sea fleet"? Appropriate assistance measures are those that are adequate, economically efficient, eguitable, acceptable and reliable. Sources of reference included government publications; newspaper articles; journals; general textbooks on shipping, economics, and tax law; personal correspondence with shipping operators and an int...

Sonda, Claudiu-Nicolae

The topic of this paper revolves around the security environment of the wider Black Sea region, with a focus on three protagonist states, and an alliance: Russia, the United States of America, Romania, and NATO. This work comes as a response to the normative demand of avoiding an inter-state conflict in this part of the world, an area already characterized by deep mistrust, frozen conflicts, separatist movements, transnational organized crime, terrorism, and great-power struggle between holders ...

Romée Jannert, Julia

This essay is focused on the search for a true homeland in Jean Rhys’s Wide Sargasso Sea from a Postcolonial point of view. The main protagonist, Antoinette Cosway, struggles with her mixed heritage which is both Caribbean and European. As a result, she suffers from a split identity and searches for a place of belonging. Vital Postcolonial concepts, such as Diaspora and displacement are used in order to investigate the struggle to find a true homeland. Moreover, the main purpose of this essay is...

Ericson, Jennifer

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Das, Surajit

In this thesis we examine intra-seasonal oscillations (ISO) in the aqua-planet setup of the Community Atmospheric Model (CAM) version 5.1, mainly based on July and January climatological sea surface temperature (SST). We investigate mainly two questions -what should be the SST distribution for the existence of (a) northward moving ISO in summer, and (b) eastward moving MJO-like modes in winter. In the first part of the thesis we discuss the northward propagation. A series of experiments were per...

Dodimead, Allan John

Rate measurements of the thiosulphate-bromoacetate reaction have been made in sodium chloride and sea water media at 15.3°, 25.2° and 32.0°C and in magnesium chloride at 15.3°C, Rates are more simply dependent on the concentration and kind of cations in the media than upon the ionic strength. The rate constants are approximately 6% higher in neutral solutions of sea water than in sodium chloride media and the higher rate constants are attributed to the presence in sea water of the cations, K⁺, C...

Houston, Arthur Hillier

The responses of chum and pink salmon fry, and coho salmon fry and smolts (Oncorhynchus keta, O. gorbuscha, and O. kisutch) to isotonic and hypertonic seawater were studied in sharp-gradient tanks to determine whether or not salinity gradients can act as directive agencies in the seaward migration of juvenile Pacific salmon. Chum and pink fry responded positively to both concentrations of seawater. Coho fry responded positively to isotonic seawater but did not respond positively to hypertonic s...

Myres, Miles Timothy

The Sea-Ducks (tribes Mergini and Somateriini), stiff-tailed ducks (tribe Oxyurini) and the pochards and scaups (tribe Aythyini), all of which are diving ducks with a lobed hallux, are considered to be polyphyletic, but their systematic affinities are extremely uncertain. Until 1958, the Sea-Ducks were considered as one tribe but have now been split into two unrelated groups, on the basis of differences in tracheal and plumage characters of the eiders which closely resemble those of the surface-...

Joodaki, Saba

Time-lapse reflection seismic methods have proven effective fordetecting and monitoring the injection and spreading of geologicallystored CO2. These methods are based on interpreting changes in themedia’s elastic properties that result from replacing the native salinewater by the injected CO2, which in turn affects the seismic velocitiesof the media. Since applications of these methods in the field areexpensive, and the interpretation process is time consuming, pre-studyinvestigations should be ...

Kazhura, Yury, Worosz, Heather, Souza, Paulo Bento Maffei de

This study examines Sustainable Community Development (SCD) in the context of the Baltic Sea Region. The research focuses on understanding a model for SCD piloted in Robertsfors, Sweden. The model is said to be transferable to any community around the world. This study seeks to understand the concepts and tools used in the Robertsfors Model. It also examines whether the model is strategic with regards to sustainability and whether it is successful in engaging the local community around these iss...

Shepard, Michael Perry

A method is described for measuring the preferential responses of fish to alterations in the chemical and physical nature of their environment. Changes in the responses of young chum salmon at various stages of growth to alterations in the environmental sea water content have been studied. The effects of small alterations in temperature (2 to 3 C° ) and in rates of flow of environmental liquids on the fishes' responses to salinity change, were also studied. Preliminary experiments on the respons...

Edie, Allan George

Eumetopias jubata is highly polygynous, but cows are free to move where they choose on pupping colonies. Consequently, the spatial preferences of pre-estrous cows greatly influence the reproductive success of established territorial bulls. In this study, I have observed large numbers of individually recognizable cows on an undisturbed pupping colony to identify environmental and other factors that influence spatial preferences of pre-estrous cows. Results indicate that movements and distribution...

Siebenhuener, Hajo Fritz Wilhelm

In the first part of this thesis definitions of sea level are given and causes and effects of its seasonal and secular variations are briefly discussed. The second part deals with the numerical determination of these changes on the coast of British Columbia. Using raw tidal data in the form of monthly means of sea level, seasonal variations are determined as annual oscillations with mean amplitudes between 5 and 12 cm for seven stations on the B.C. coast. The investigation of secular variation...