Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood is an economical, durable and aesthetically pleasing residential material used for many exterior application such as decks, fences, playground equipment, utility poles, and others. It has been most widely used in North America since the 1970s. A large volume of CCA-treated wood is currently coming out of service. Traditional landfilling or incineration is environmentally unacceptable. Recycling CCA-treated wood into composite products is one alternati...

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2002. | Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000. | Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-80).

Thesis (M.S.) in Resource Economics and Policy--University of Maine, 2001. | Includes vita. Advisory Committee: Hsiang-Tai Cheng, Assoc. Prof. of Resource Economics and Policy, Advisor; George K. Criner, Prof. of Resource Economics and Policy; Alan S. Kezis, Prof. of Resource Economics and Policy and Assoc. Dean of College of Natural Sciences, Forestry and Agriculture. Bibliography: leaves 72-76.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Queensland, 2002. | Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 1994. | Includes special report study entitled: Utopia energy source for rural buildings. Includes bibliographical references.

<p>In 1952, a low-head dam was constructed at river kilometer (rkm) 225 on theNeuse River, NC, limiting migration of anadromous fishes beyond that point.In May of 1998, the dam was removed, giving improved access to 127 rkm of potential spawning habitat. We utilized radio telemetry during 1999 and 2000 to quantify the effects of dam removal on striped bass () and American shad () spawning migrations and habitat used. Locations oftelemetered striped bass and American shad were monit...

Birds of conservation concern breed in suburban greenways, yet abundant populations of mammals that depredate bird nests may compromise nest success. We evaluated how three factors influenced total mammalian nest predator abundance and individual species abundance in greenways of Raleigh and Cary, North Carolina, USA: 1) the width of the forested corridor containing the greenway, 2) the type of land-use adjacent to the forested corridor, and 3) the habitat structure within the greenway. Forest c...

Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences

As natural areas are converted to urban or suburban development, landscape and urban planners are pressed to integrate wildlife habitat into a rapidly changing landscape. Urban greenways provide a broad range of social, economic and environmental benefits, and consequently are enjoying worldwide popularity as a developing form of urban openspace protection. One of the goals of greenway development often is to provide habitat for wildlife. If landscape and urban planners are to strategically desi...

Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences

In this study, the effectiveness of vaccination against Yersinia ruckeri, using an autogenous bacterin, in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was assessed. In addition, the immune response detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated. Rainbow trout were vaccinated at 25 grams mean body weight by standard bath immersion and intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection (saline-based injection or oil-based adjuvant injection). Bath-challenges occurred on days 42, 101, 181, 286, and 381 ...

The agnathan hagfish is the plesiomorphic sister group of vertebrates. It is eel-liked, cartilaginous, and has only one semicircular canal. As hagfish have no hard structures that age determination remains unsuccessful. In the present work, we examined the statoconia in the inner ear of the hagfish Paramyxine nelsoni intense to explore it as a useful index in hagfish¡¦s age determination.P. nelsoni is quite abundant at some localities in the southwestern coast of Taiwan. Due to...

Engineering, Mechanical

The purpose of this study was to experimentallyelucidate the key physics of Coanda ejectors and to find a modelthat could both predict the performance of Coanda ejectors andaid in their design. Velocity profiles, turbulence intensities,turbulence spectrums, correlation functions and wall pressuredistributions were measured inside two different Coanda ejectorsat different operating conditions. Using laser anemometry, axialvelocity profile measurements were done inside both ejectors.This was accom...

Ecology

Herein, I describe research that explores factorsaffecting smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) reproductive behavior and success. Smallmouth bass are a modelspecies to explore reproductive behavior because they investlarge amounts of energy in parental care, spawn multiple times,and exhibit indeterminate growth. Smallmouth bass must balancecurrent and future fitness when deciding how much care toprovide. Ultimately, reproductive success and behavior mayinfluence recruitment. By conducting a s...

UTK Theses -- Wildlife and fisheries science.

Title from title page screen (viewed on October, 4, 2002). | Thesis advisor: Lisa I. Muller. | Document formatted into pages (vii, 48 p.) | Vita. | Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2002. | Includes bibliographical references (p. 36-47). | Mode of access: World Wide Web. | From October 2001 until January 2002 captive wild white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) held at the University of Georgia Daniel B. Warnell School of Forest Resources Whitehall Deer Research Facility we...

Title from title page screen (viewed on Oct. 12, 2002). | Thesis advisor: David A. Buehler. | Document formatted into pages (xi, 112 p. : ill., col. maps). | Vita. | Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2002. | Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-50). | Mode of access: World Wide Web. | Ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) population densities are lower in the southern Appalachians compared to more northern parts of grouse range. Southern forests lack an aspen (Populus spp.) fo...

Mode of access: World Wide Web. | Title from title page screen (viewed on Oct. 13, 2003). | Thesis advisor: J. Larry Wilson. | Document formatted into pages (ix, 92 p. : col. ill., maps (some col.)). | Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2003. | Vita. | Includes bibliographical references (p. 50-53). | National Park Service biological staff are charged with preserving and protecting all creatures within a park s boundaries. It is only a matter of time before exotic zebra mussels...

White-tailed deer -- Food -- Maryland Kent County. , White-tailed deer -- Habitat -- Maryland Kent County. , White-tailed deer -- Behavior -- Maryland Kent County. , Habitat selection. , Crops -- Effect of browsing on -- Maryland Kent County. , Forest plants -- Effect of browsing on -- Maryland Kent County. , Animal radio tracking -- Maryland Kent County. , Wildlife management -- Maryland Kent County. , UTK Theses -- Wildlife and fisheries science.

Mode of access: World Wide Web. | Title from title page screen (viewed on Mar. 18, 2004). | Thesis advisor: Lisa I. Muller. | Document formatted into pages (v, 61 p. : col. ill., maps (some col.)). | Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2003. | Vita. | Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-60). | The white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) is the most popular game animal in the United States but is also responsible for a large amount of damage to agricultural crops. Under...

Mode of access: World Wide Web. | Title from title page screen (viewed on Mar 26, 2004). | Thesis advisor: Craig H. [sic] Harper. | Document formatted into pages (xi, 85 p. : ill.). | Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2003. | Vita. | Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-84). | The eastern wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) is an important game species in the mid-South region. Many non-industrial private landowners along with state and federal agencies actively ...

Mode of access: World Wide Web. | Title from title page screen (viewed on Mar. 25, 2004). | Thesis advisor: Bruce Robinson. | Document formatted into pages (xi, 98 p. : ill, map (some col.)). | Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2003. | Vita. | Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-97). | The purpose of this study was to examine water quality in the acid-impacted Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM). Water samples have been collected roughly quarterly at ninety sampl...

Title from title page screen (viewed on Sept. 6, 2002). | Thesis advisor: Craig A. Harper. | Document formatted into pages (x, 74 p. : ill.) | Vita. | Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2002. | Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-73). | Mode of access: World Wide Web. | Ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) historically have been considered a bird of early successional habitats. Over the past 60 years, forests of the southern Appalachians have matured, as a result of reduced t...

Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences

Management of Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) in Europe.Sybille A. Klenzendorf(Abstract)Successful conservation of brown bears (Ursus arctos) inEurope is associated with public acceptance of damagescaused by bears. Recent increases in sheep depredation andbeehive damage in central Austria resulted in the deaths oftwo bears there. Since bear numbers are low in mostEuropean populations, alternatives to the elimination ofproblem bears associated with damage incidents must besought. The events described ...

Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences

The Nilgiri tahr (Hemitragus hylocrius) is an endangeredmountain ungulate endemic to the Western Ghats in South India.I studied the status and ecology of the Nilgiri tahr in theMukurthi National Park, from January 1993 to December 1995.To determine the status of this tahr population, I conductedfoot surveys, total counts, and a three-day census andestimated that this population contained about 150 tahr.Tahr were more numerous in the north sector than the southsector of the park. Age-specific mor...

Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences

<center><p>THE HABITAT ECOLOGY OF BOG TURTLES (<i>Clemmys muhlenbergii</i>) IN SOUTHWESTERN VIRGINIA<p>by</p><p>Shawn L. Carter</p><p>Carola A. Haas, Chair</p><p>Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences</p><p>(ABSTRACT)</p></center><left><p>I radiotracked 31 bog turtles ...

Eighty-three (21M, 62F) of 194 black bears captured during 1994-1996 were equipped with radio collars. Annual survival rates estimated with Kaplain-Meier staggered entry approach for radio collared adult females, adult males, subadult females, and subadult males were 95.3, 100.0, 90.4 and 50.0% respectively. Hunting, handling, vehicle collisions, and natural causes accounted for 81.0, 11.1, 3.2, and 1.6% of mortality. Twenty, 9.8, and 70.6 % of bears harvested were harvested in the deer firearm ...

This thesis was conducted to evaluate the potential of obtaining yellow perch eggs and fry by controlling the reproductive cycle of broodfish and the techniques used to rear the resulting fry. Chapter 1 is a review of literature pertaining to yellow perch culture and related topics. Chapter 2 is a study of yellow perch broodstock exposed to a 6-month, artificial photothermal cycle and injected with LHRHa and pimozide to induce spawning. The mean gonadosomatic index for manipulated females was 24...

We examined the short-term (1 - 4 years postharvest) effects of 7 silvicultural treatments on terrestrial salamander populations at 4 sites in southwest Virginia and West Virginia. The 3 silvicultural treatments with the most canopy removal (4-7 m2 basal area Shelterwood, Leavetree, Clearcut) had significantly fewer salamanders than the control (p < 0.10) postharvest. No differences were found among treatments in age class distribution, the percent of females that were gravid, or average ...

Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences

I addressed the effects of landscape characteristics on ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) home range size and movement, and examined grouse selection for specific landscape characteristics and cover types. Grouse home ranges and movement patterns derived from telemetry data gathered from fall 1996 through fall 1998 were overlaid onto a GIS database of Clinch Mtn. Wildlife Management Area, VA. This database was developed from GPS data and LANDSAT thematic mapping imagery (30 m pixel scale) and was ...

Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences

Natality characteristics were calculated for 3 regions in the southern Appalachians (Ridge and Valley, Alleghany Plateau, and Ohio River Valley). I report data collected in the first 2 years of a long term (> 6 years) study conducted by the Appalachian Cooperative Grouse Research Project (ACGRP). Nesting rate, pooled over all regions, was 83.6% in 1997 and 79.7% in 1998. In the 2-year period, the Alleghany Plateau reported the highest nesting rate (97.6%) while the Ohio River Valley repor...

The biological and socioeconomic feasibility of restoring elk (Cervus elaphus) to Virginia was assessed. Biological feasibility was determined by evaluating habitat suitability for elk while considering potential impacts of elk on existing fauna and flora in Virginia. Suitability was assessed by creating a habitat suitability index (HSI) model that measured the availability and accessibility of open foraging areas and forested cover areas, the availability of permanent water sources, and the deg...

The Rota bridled white-eye (Zosterops rotensis)(Aves, Passeriformes) has experienced a severe population decline and range restriction over the last four decades. Little is known about this species and factors involved in the decline and range restriction are unclear. This study examined the potential roles of habitat alteration, introduced black drongos (Dicrurus macrocercus), and introduced rats in the decline and gathered more information on the behavior and breeding biology of this species. ...

Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences

Development of goals (desired future conditions (DFCs)) based on substantial public involvement is critical to the success of ecosystem management on public lands. I evaluated DFCs of riparian areas on national forests in the southern Appalachian mountains and evaluated a process for involving the public in development of DFCs for riparian areas on the Jefferson National Forest. First, I identified the major components, structures, and functions that are essential to riparian health through a li...

Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences

<p>Land use changes have been shown to have significant effects on wildlife species. Sixtythree percent of the national Parks and Reserves in Kenya are located in the savannas.Because of the seasonality associated with savanna ecosystems, 75% of the wildlifespecies and numbers in Kenya occur in savanna nonpark areas. Therefore, conservationof wildlife in Kenya has to address the changes that are taking place in savanna areasoutside parks. I studied land use changes and their effect...

For years, bear hunters have provided an unknown amount of food to black bears (Ursus americanus) in Virginia, supplementing their natural food supply. Possible effects of feeding bears can be negative, such as food conditioning and habituation to people, or positive, such as enhanced or sustained reproductive rates, especially in years of mast crop failure. In July 1999, the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (VDGIF) adopted a regulation recommendation that prohibited the feeding ...

Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences

The Cooperative Alleghany Bear Study (CABS) was initiated in 1994 by the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (VDGIF) and the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (VPI&SU) to investigate population dynamics on Virginias hunted bear population. CABS personnel handled 746 different bears (1.5M:1F) 1,368 times on its northern study area during June 1994 to September 2000. The sex ratio for summer captures was 1.5M:1F, which differed from 1:1 (n = 1,008, Z = 6.17, ...

Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences

To determine the effects of different algal diets on freshwater mussels, tissues of Elliptio complanata were sampled for physiological, somatic, and gametogenic condition from August 1999 to May 2000. Treatments included mussels fed Scenedesmus quadricauda (S), Neochloris oleoabundans (N), a no feed treatment (NF), and a reference group of mussels from the Nottoway River (NR), Virginia. The levels of protein and glucose differed among treatments (p<0.0001), but glycogen and percentage tis...

Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences

During 1999-2001, potential den trees and denning success of black bears was investigated on industrial forest lands and national forest lands in Virginia and West Virginia. One hundred and fifty seven potential den trees were found on five study areas, 135 on national forest lands and 22 on the industrial forest lands. Twenty-seven hollow potential den trees were found, 22 on national forest lands and 5 on industrial forest lands. Densities of potential den trees ranged from 12.5/km2 to 437.5/k...

Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences

ABSTRACTPredation accounts for the majority of ruffed grouse mortality beyond the brooding period throughout grouse range. Most studies of ruffed grouse ecology have taken place in the central portion of the species range including the Great Lakes states and southern Canada where aspen (Populus tremuloides) is dominant. Populations in the central range of grouse distribution exhibit 10-year cyclic patterns of decline that have been associated with the invasions of boreal predators such as great ...

Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences

Distribution and Growth of American Eels in Selected Tributaries of the James RiverbyPatrick Andrew StricklandCommittee Chair: C. Andrew DolloffFisheries and Wildlife SciencesAbstractIn July of 1999, a team of researchers from the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (VDGIF) and the United States Forest Service (USFS) electrofished a 2-km reach of Shoe Creek, Virginia, and captured 66 American eels. Eels were weighed (g) and measured (mm) and 61 individuals were implanted with Passiv...

The Roanoke logperch (Percina rex) is a federally endangered large darter that occurs only within the Roanoke and Chowan drainages of Virginia. This dissertation examines multi-scale habitat use patterns by logperch in three river systems in Virginia, including comparisons among rivers and life stages.The first study in this dissertation compares microhabitat use patterns of logperch among the Roanoke, Pigg, and Nottoway rivers. My objectives are to: 1) compare available microhabitat and microha...

Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences

Reported survival rates, dates of family breakup, and dispersal patterns for yearling and subadult bears in hunted black bear (Ursus americanus) populations in North America are scarce. We estimated survival rates of yearling and subadult black bears from a hunted population in western Virginia during 1999 - 2002. We captured and marked 307 different individual yearling and subadult bears on 2 study sites, and attached ear tag transmitters or radio collars to 54 (34M : 20F) 1-year-old, 52 (23M :...

Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences

Motivations and Characteristics of Active and Nonactive Members Belonging to Natural Resource Nongovernmental OrganizationsTeresa Ana MartinezI surveyed members of the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation (RMEF) and the Appalachian Trail Conference (ATC) to assess the motivations of active and nonactive memebrs in these nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). I investigated the effects of social networks, competing commitments, requests for participation and the belief of the efficacy of their actions on...

Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences

Target shooting in the United States has become an increasingly popular sport in the last century. In addition to the large quantity of lead pellets littering range grounds and surrounding land, considerable amounts of clay target fragments cover shooting range areas as well as adjoining habitats. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) within the target, as well as lead pellets from shotguns pose multiple threats to a variety of wildlife. To determine the effects of clay target and lead pellet ...

Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences

Wildlife management requires understanding resources and involving stakeholders. The process Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (VDGIF) and Virginia Tech used to develop a black bear (Ursus americanus) management plan during 1999-2001 provided me with opportunities to understand diverse stakeholders and examine influences of participation on stakeholder knowledge, attitudes, and opinions concerning bear management. I used focus groups (with 5 key stakeholder groups), pre- and post-...

Since the introduction of hybrid striped bass M. chrysops x M. saxatilis to Claytor Lake, Virginia in 1993, relative abundance of striped bass Morone saxatilis has dropped disproportionately to stocking density. Potentially deleterious interactions between the two fishes that may limit recruitment to age 1 were considered in terms of trophic relationships, physiological indices of health, overwinter survival, and post-stocking predation.Both fishes preferred habitat types characterized by struct...

Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences

Ruffed grouse populations are low in Appalachian forests, possibly because low habitat quality negatively affects survival, condition, and reproduction. Through the Appalachian Cooperative Grouse Research Project (ACGRP) researchers tracked >1500 radioed grouse at 10 study sites (19962002). To improve our understanding of Appalachian grouse habitat ecology, I carried out two primary analyses of this database. First, grouse should be under selective pressure to minimize movements, so I stu...

Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences

The southwestern willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) is a federally-endangered neotropical migrant that breeds in the southwestern United States. The population of southwestern willow flycatchers on the South Fork Kern River in California was once thought to be one of the largest E. t. extimus populations. It declined from 38 pairs in 1997 to 12 pairs in 2000. My goals were to examine E. t. extimus habitat selection on the South Fork Kern River, to determine how habitat characteristic...

Fisheries and Wildlife

Reproduction, Survival, and Denning Ecology ofBlack Bears in Southwestern Virginia<p>Christopher W. Ryan<p>Abstract<p>Thirty-four (6 M, 28 F) of 93 black bears (<i>Ursus americanus</i>) captured during summers 1995 and 1996 were equipped with radio-collars. The mean age of male and females captured was 2.5 (<u>n</u> = 63; 2 males not aged) and 4.4 (<u>n</u> = 28) years, r...