Glycidic acid derivates, Ring Transformation, Optical Activity, Heterocycles

Heterocycles with an a-hydroxycarbonyl moiety such as 3-hydroxy-[1,5]-benzothiazepin-4-ones or 3-hydroxychroman-4-ones are of interest because they are frequently encountered in pharmaceuticals (e.g. Diltiazem®) or natural products (e.g. flavonoids). Ring transformation of optically active oxirane carboxylic acid derivatives with ambident nucleophiles provide a useful synthetic method for such type of products. Depending on the position of attack on the oxirane ring by the nucleophile (...

heat curing siliconization, pharmaceutical glass containers, poly(dimethylsiloxane), silicone analysis

<b>Heat Curing Siliconization of Pharmaceutical Glass Containers</b>The heat curing siliconization has long since been used to introduce special properties to pharmaceutical glass containers. Silicone oils are usually applied to the containers to form lubricating films on the inner surface of prefilled syringes or to gain hydrophobic container walls for clear draining aqueous solutions, e.g. in injection vials. Furthermore the deactivation of the glass wall reduces ad...

trans-Platin, oligonucleotides, H-phosphonates, crosslink

This work describes the synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides, which are modified at a specific position with the <i>trans</i>-{Pt<sup>II</sup>(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>}<sup>2+</sup> - species. A platinated monomer building block "Pt-T" has been synthesized separately prior to automated synthesis. Platin modified oligonucleotides were elongated by ...

This work contributes methods for the design and implementation of translation schemes for functional programming languages with procedural programming languages as a target. The dissertation analyzes different implementation techniques of functional languages. For each technique an approach is defined for the implementation of a compiler that translates the functional source language into a procedural target language. The analyzed techniques cover both classes of functional languages, strict an...

combinatorics, asymptotic enumeration, random structures, evolution

The evolution process of a random structure from a certain class denotes the following "experiment". Choose a parameter of the objects in the class under consideration and consider only the subclass of those objects where the parameter is equal to a fixed value <i>x</i>. Then the following questions arise quite naturally: What does a typical object from this subclass look like? How many objects are there in this subclass? And how do the answers to the first ...

Binary decision diagram, Boolean function, probabilistic analysis, Shannon effect

Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) are a data structure for Boolean functions which are also known as branching programs. In ordered binary decision diagrams (OBDDs), the tests have to obey a fixed variable ordering. In free binary decision diagrams (FBDDs), each variable can be tested at most once. The efficiency of new variants of the BDD concept is usually demonstrated with spectacular (worst-case)examples. We pursue another approach and compare the representation sizes of almost all Boolean fun...

Deficiency Distance, Nonparametric Density Estimation, General Regression Model, Hungarian Construction

The thesis "Asymptotic Equivalence of Experiments for a Model with Independent and Nonidentically distributed Observations" deals with the theory of experiments that was developped by Le Cam. \\ Le Cam defined the so called $\Delta$-distance between experiments. If this distance is small for two given models it means that their statistical properties are similar. We call two sequences of experiments asymptotic equivalent if their $\Delta$-distance converges to zero.\\ In this thesis we...

heterotic string, F-theory, Calabi-Yau manifolds, vector bundles

We discuss aspects of N = 1 duality between the heterotic string compactified on a Calabi-Yau threefold with a vector bundle and F-theory on a Calabi-Yau fourfold. After a description of string duality intended for the non-specialist the framework and the constraints for heterotic/F-theory compactifications are presented. The computations of the necessary Calabi-Yau manifold and vector bundle data, involving characteristic classes and bundle moduli, are given in detail. The eight- and six- dimen...

b Quark, Z Boson, Couplings, Decay Width

<a href="http://dochost.rz.hu-berlin.de/dissertationen/physik/kamrad-dirk/PS/abs-en.ps">im PostScript-Format</a>

In this thesis I discussed several applications of the connection of non-perturbative string theory and SYM theory. In Chapter 1 I reviewed the physics of D-branes as one example of a non-perturbative effect in string theory. Their dynamics is dominated by gauge theory. This fact can be used to engineer certain string backgrounds which yield interacting SYM theories as their low-energy description. In Chapter 2 I then introduced one of the approaches in detail, the HW setup. I gave a summary of ...

SU(2) Higgs model, static potential, string breaking, lines of constant physics

The static potential in the confinement ``phase of the SU(2) Higgs model is studied. In particular, the observation of the screening (called {\em string breaking}) of the static quarks by the dynamical light quarks leading to the formation of two static-light mesons was not observed before my work in non-Abelian gauge theories. The tool that I employ is lattice gauge simulation. The observable from whic h the spectrum of the Hamiltonian in presence of two static quarks can be extracted, is a mat...

local field potential, sub potential, EEG, epilepsy

We obtained subpotentials (SP), similar to so called ?local field potentials? by application of cross - correlation on ECoG- and EEG- Signals with large band width (10 - 400 Hz) with the pattern of an amplitude-time-template with a duration of 10ms. This similarity is given by i. the comparison with obtained amplitude-time-template of the SP ii. the comparison with the position of source- structures to the deriving electrode. The potential distribution is given by the SP - moduleanalysis for eac...

cathepsins, cysteine protease inhibitor, prostate carcinoma, LNCaP, PC3, DU145

The cathepsins B, H and L (CB, CH, CL) are lysosomal proteolytic enzymes belonging to the cysteine protease family. Elevated cathepsin levels and decreased concentration of their endogenous inhibitors have been demonstrated in a variety of tumors, suggesting a contribution to invasion and metastasis. The situation for prostate cancer was so far unknown. Using fluorimetric assays, catalytic activities of the cathepsins B, H, L were measured in prostatic tissue samples obtained from different grou...

endoplasmic reticulum, protein translocation, Sec61, eucaryotes

Soluble or membrane proteins entering the secretory pathway are first translocated across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. The proteins move through a channel formed by the heterotrimeric Sec61-complex. Homologues of the alpha- and gamma-subunit of this complex have been found in a wide variety of procaryotic and eucaryotic organisms indicating an evolutionary highly conserved mechanism for translocating proteins across membranes. Several recent investigations contributed to a complex un...

Intra-organizational Interaction; Communication; Informel Structure; Industrial Sociology

<b>Management and Cooperation in Research Libraries of Berlin </b> The present work addresses an increasingly important-but hitherto largely neglected-topic in library science, in the field of information and communication, and among professional librarians: vertical social interaction in the research library as a work system. The intention behind this study was to find out in what way interaction between managers and their subordinates is linked to the latter group s...

consciousness, qualia, perception, naturalism, representationalism

<b>"Qualia - Phenomenal states as a problem for philosophical and empirical theories of consciousness" </b>In this essay, I examine the concepts of phenomenal experience and consciousness in several empirical and philosophical theories about the relation between physiological and mental processes. Part I sets the stage for the problem: Chapters 1 and 2 establish why the discussion of phenomenal qualities or qualia has become a litmus test for current theorie...

The first visible outcome of the fertility process is the birth of the first child. The first birth marks a woman s transition into motherhood. It plays a significant role in the future life of each individual woman and has a direct relationship with fertility. The age at which child bearing begins influences the number of children a woman bears throughout her reproductive period in the absence of any active fertility control. For countries in sub-Saharan Africa, where contraceptive use is relat...

Confinement, Nonperturbative QCD, String Representation of Gauge Theories, Magnetic Monopoles

The main problem addressed in the present Dissertation was an attempt of an analytical description of confinement in QCD and other gauge theories. As a guiding principle for our investigations served the so-called Wilson s picture of confinement, according to which this phenomenon can be described in terms of some effective theory of strings, joining coloured objects to each other and preventing them from moving apart to macroscopic distances. In this Dissertation, we have proceeded with a deriv...

Tau, Leptons, Branching Fractions, L3

This is a study of the decays of the heaviest known lepton, the tau, into the two lighter leptons, electron or muon. From tau pairs produced at the LEP storage ring in electron-positron annihilation the leptonic branching fractions of the tau, B_{l=e,\mu}=\frac{\Gamma(tau\to\nu_tau l\bar{\nu}_l)}{\Gamma_{tot}}, are measured. The analysis was performed using the full LEP I data sample collected with the L3 detector at centre-of-mass energies around the Z mass. Within about 160000 selected tau dec...

Bio-technology, Tissue-engineering, Angiogenesis, Growth factors

The growth of new vessels is called angiogenesis. Special growth factors e.g. basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are potent stimulators of angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Angiogenin another angiogenic protein was isolated first by Fett et al. 1985 from human carcinoma cells. Part I: The effect of angiogenin to stimulate angiogenesis in ischemic hind legs of inbred male Lewis rats is described. In this new animal model ischemia was inducedby the li...

myocardium, hypertrophy, apoptosi, cell cyclem

The aim of the study was to elucidate mechanisms controlling death and growth of cardiomyocytes. First, a model was developed suitable to identify regulatory gene sequences in vivo. Multiple variables controlling expression of reportergene constructs injected into the heart were investigated. The results showed that injection of reportergene constructs into the heart of dogs is an appropriate model to analyse regulation of gene expression in vivo in large mammals. Using this approach reportergen...

multi-band Hubbard model, transition-matrix elements, (inverse) photoemsission, Auger-electron spectroscopy, appearance potential spectroscopy

The investigation of correlation-induced effects, as for example the collective magnetic order, requires an insight into the electronic structure of solids. In this context the one-particle spectroscopies (photoemission and inverse photoemission) as well as the two-particle spectroscopies (Auger electron and appearance potential spectroscopies) represent useful experimental tools. An adequate interpretation of the experimentally determined spectra requires the consideration of (i) electronic cor...

Magnetism, EuO, Many-Body-Theory, Bandstructure Calculations

This dissertation is concerned with the theoretical investigation of theelectronic and magnetic properties of 4f systems with filmgeometry. The presented theory is based on the s-f model whichfeatures an intra-atomic exchange between a system oflocalized magnetic moments and the conduction electrons. The model is investigated for the special case of zeroband occupation of the conduction bands which is applicable to thesituation in ferromagnetic semiconductors such as the europium chalcogenides E...

endothelin, receptorantagonist, LU 302872, growth inhibition

The peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) has growth-promoting properties besides its vasopressor characteristic. In order to gain information about its importance for tumor growth the ET system of the experimental liver tumor Morris hepatoma (MH)-7777 was characterized in vitro and in vivo. For the first time it was then tried to inhibit tumor growth in vivo by treatment with an ET receptor antagonist.METHODS: The endogenously produced immunoreactive (ir) ET-1 was quantified in the supernatant of MH-7777...

autoimmunity, MHC II, T helper cells, type 1/type 2 balance

Protective/suppressive MHC class II alleles have been identified in man and mouse where they exert a disease-protective and immunosuppressive effect. As a mode of action we here investigate differential expression of MHC class II genes in different types of antigen-presenting cells impacting on the Type 1-Type 2 balance. We found that the murine I-Ab and I-Ek molecules, both well characterized as protective/suppressive, are expressed at a high level on almost all bone marrow derived macrophages ...

vibronic coupling, polyene, electron transfer, vibrational modes, mode-specificity

This thesis deals with vibronic coupling effects between two excited electronic singlet states in Diphenylhexatriene (DPH), and with the role of vibrational modes in photoinduced ultrafast electron transfer in Betaine-30.By using the picosecond time-resolved Coherent Antistokes Raman Spectroscopy method, it was possible to observe for the first time two very broad and unusual up-shifted vibrational frequencies in the excited singlet state of DPH, which have frequencies higher than frequency regi...

HERA-B experiment, luminosity determination, production of neutral mesons, polarization of Upsilon mesons

A first attempt to measure the cross section of inclusiveproduction of neutral pions decaying into two photons using the HERA-B detector in the spring of 99 configuration is presented. The pions cross section is determined using data from the inner part of the electromagnetic calorimeter for two types of target material, carbon and titanium.From the data on C and Ti the nuclear dependence of pion productionwas extracted.Various approaches for the luminosity determination at HERA-B are investigat...

oropharyngeal tumors, swallow function, speech intelligibility, radiographic swallow examination

The surgical and radiotherapeutical treatment of oropharyngeal tumors often results in swallowing and speech malfunction. The purpose of this study is to investigate the severity of swallowing and speech malfunction in patients with tumors of the tonsillar region, which were treated by different surgical strategies.54 Patients with oropharyngeal tumors (seperated according to the surgical strategy: A: radical tonsillectomy; B: partial oropharyngectomy and primary closure; C: partial oropharyngec...

HERA-$B$ experiment, PC cluster, pattern recognition, trigger algorithms

The HERA-$B$ experiment at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)Hamburg aims at investigating the physics of particles containing$b$ quarks. The experiment focusses on measuring CP violation in the system of neutral $B$ mesons. It is expected that the precise determination of the CP asymmetry in the channel $B^0(\bar{B}^0)\to J/\psi K_S^0$ will have an impact on the further development of the Standard Model of Elementary Particle Physics and cosmological theories.The HERA-$B$ experiment uses t...

T-cell activation, ICOS, Co-stimulatory molecule

The outcome of T-cell resonses after T-cell encounter with specific antigens is modulated by co-stimulatory signals, which are required for both lymphocyte activation and development of adaptive immunity. Here I report the initial characterization of a novel co-stimulatory molecule which enhances all basic T-cell functions and displays a unique induction and expression pattern. ICOS (for inducible co-stimulator) is a T-cellspecific activation antigen with high homology to CD28, the prototype of ...

egyptology, archaeology, art, funerary Religion

The focus of the study is the non-royal ("private") tomb statue of the Old Kingdom (3rd to 6th dynasties). Observations on the actual position of statues within the tomb are included, followed by a discussion of architectural and functional components of a residential funerary complex. Further a certain number of two-dimensional representations and inscriptions are consulted for the discussion of special topics.The aim of the study is to investigate the function of a cultural object wi...

Virtual firm, European students, technological watch, internet communication

The ELFE project is a cooperative effortunitingthe distance learning experience of universities and companies of five European counties (F, UK, S, G, Li). Creation of a prototype of virtual company on a internet web site in order to reinforce links between the material taught and its use in the business world and to initiate students to the use of latest communication technology to define and manage a project

Statistics, Performance Indicators, Management Statistics

This paper reports on the collection and publication of management statistics for Information Technology in U.K. Universities. We describe the way in which initial opposition was overcome and the value and importance attached to the exercise. Despite initial scepticism, the collection of I.T. statistics is now seen as an important activity for the U.K. Higher Education community. The paper concludes with a summary of some of the trends that are emerging.

Management NTI Kazakhstan Case tool

It is the story of a practical and successful Tacis project from France (university Robert Schuman of Strasbourg to Kazakhstan (kazak state university Al Farabi of Almaty). The objectives of this project is to improve the management of the Al Farabi university thru : The creation of a centre of excellence (“Centre of services and project programming“) for the development and the setting of application for the new automatic system of management and for the administration of the ...

administration of universities

During the last decade, universities have been facing far-reaching changes affecting the areas of teaching, research and administration. More emphasis on student services, increasing financial autonomy, implementation of political and legal requirements i.e. regulations which govern teaching obligations, establishing new guidelines for examination regulations, increasing student mobility and drastic cuts in the areas of human resources and financial resources are examples of the changes universi...

Synchronized Media, Hypermedia Modelling, Multimedia Database, Web-Authoring

With today‘s widespread availability of networked multimedia potentials embedded in an infrastructure of qualitative superior kind the distribution of professionally styled multimedia streams has fallen in the realm of possibility. This paper presents a prototypic environment - both model and runtime system - for processing composite media streams variably composed of multimedia data objects. The system consists of an intelligent media database, a Web-authoring tool, a time directed pre...

European universities, as the Technische Universität in Munich holds memberships in many international network organisations like CRE, European Union Rectors Conferences, All European Universities, Academic Cooperation Asssociation etc. Institutionalised international networks create a basis for exchanging information and establishing contacts at low cost, which goes beyond the purely academic communities interests. On the other hand there exist many informal contacts between members of...

subscription agents, e-business, electronic journals, scientific publishing

The role of the traditional subscription agent focusing on the trade with scientific periodicals between publishers and academic and corporate libraries has nowadays been called in question. Quite a lot of big STM publishers are offering journals both in print and online versions. At the same time some of them make efforts to “disintermediate“, i.e. to bypass agents and intermediaries in selling electronic content. Meanwhile a growing number of publishers and librarians recogni...

Network, Security, Education, Methodology

The purpose of this paper is to describe an approach to enhance the security in a research organization. The environment is very specific and unfavorable. Each site is directly connected to Internet. Many people are non permanent. The users are individualistic but also implied in worldwide cooperation. A large openness and many services are required. The security record is very bad but standard solutions cannot be directly applied. First we evaluate the threats keeping in mind the representation...

Information literacy, Faculty-librarian collaboration, Resource-based learning, Learning outcomes

It is most important that students in higher education receive adequate education for productive work and scholarship in the technological information environment of the 21st century. Changes in the workforce, a knowledge-based economy, virtual environments, life-long learning and related factors are changing the climate within higher education around the world. Students must be prepared throughout their tenure in higher education to become productive employees and life long learners. One very i...

W boson, cross section, branching ratio, mass

This thesis describes a measurement of the cross section for the process e+e- -> W+W- -> qqqq and the determination of the W mass with the L3 detector at LEP. In a data sample corresponding to a total luminosity of 232 1/pb collected at center-of-mass energy between 183 GeV and 189 GeV, 1957 four-fermion events with pairs of hadronic jets are selected. Based on these events, the cross sections for the doubly resonant process e+e- -> W+W- -> qqqq have been measured to ...

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), hydrogen peroxide, autocatalytic reduction, negative differential resistance (NDR)

Recently, it was shown that the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) reduction on silver in perchloric acid (HClO4) proceeds in two parallel paths. The normal reduction is observed at an overpotential of -1.5 V, whereas a second reduction reaction occurs at a significantly lower overpotential at -1.0 V. The second reaction involves the unstable intermediate OHad, which also acts as a catalyst. Hence, the second reaction has been proposed to be an autocatalytic one. This autocatalytic reaction is deactivated...

Case, Binding, Reflexivity, Middle Voice, Middle Construction, Argument Structure

Crosslinguistically, transitive reflexive sentences in German can be subsumed under the notion of middle voice. Like corresponding constructions in Indo-European languages they are also ambiguous in German and yield a reflexive, middle, anticausative, and inherent reflexive interpretation. First, we give a detailed survey of the syntactic and semantic properties of transitive reflexive sentences that will be relevant in the following discussion. Second, we illustrate by means of the middle const...

Conjugated Molecules, Molecular Electronics, Scanning Probe Microscopy, Self-assembly

In this thesis the self-assembly of pi-conjugated (macro)molecular architectures, either through chemisorption or via physisorption, into highly ordered supramolecular nanoscopic and microscopic structures has been studied. On solid substrates structure and dynamics has been investigated on the molecular scale making use primarily of Scanning Probe Microscopies, in particular Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Scanning Force Microscopy. This allowed to characterize a variety of phenomena occurrin...