Diaz, Maria Elena, 1958-

Experiments were carried out in fall and winter, 1990 and spring and summer, 1991 , to determine growth and mortality of juvenile Pacific oysters {Crassostrea gigas) in effluent from cultured coho salmon {Oncorhynchus kisutch) , and effluent from salmon in which the red macroalga Palmaria mollis was cultured. Ambient sea water from Yaquina Bay was used as a control. Juvenile Manila clams {Tapes japonica) were also tested in summer, to compare the growth response of clams with that of Pacific oys...

Whitney, Charlotte Kathryn

Populations of Pacific salmon are genetically and morphologically distinct across large watersheds, and these differences may reflect long-term adaptation to environmental factors such as temperature. While climate warming is predicted to affect sockeye salmon, it is likely that such impacts will happen differentially across life stages and populations. Given that selective pressures during early development plays an important role in lifetime fitness, and that elevated water temperatures can cr...

Casselman, Matthew Thomas

Knowing the optimal temperature (Topt) for aerobic scope of fishes may be useful for predicting responses to warming environmental temperature because Topt is when fish can allocate the most oxygen to activity. However, the broad application of Topt measurements is hampered by the time required to determine Topt of a species. This thesis sought to develop a rapid method of estimating Topt of Pacific salmon species (genus Oncorhynchus) based on evidence that suggests the decline in aerobic scope ...

BANKER, CHARLES AUGUST

No description available.

Clément, Marie

No description available.

Skauen, Guri Eriksrød

Knowledge regarding the influence of external and internal factors on teleost fecundity may contribute to increased production and efficiency in aquaculture.Teleost plasma cortisol levels may be elevated in response to stress, potentially affecting reproduction through a negative impact on vitellogenesis. Melatonin (MEL), on the other hand, is shown to have protective effects in organisms, and large amounts of MEL has been observed in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in various species, hence fi...

Baumann, Michael

Almost all epipelagic fish species in the Northeast Pacific show an increase in population size between the late 1950s and the 1980s. The complexity of pelagic ecosystems makes speculations on the causes of these increases easy to justify, and thus various conjectures on the chain of events leading to increased fish survival have been put forward. In this thesis I try to explain the variability in cohort survival, abundance and distribution of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) - the fish ...

Collins, Alison Laureen

Juvenile Pacific salmon make large-scale migrations from natal freshwater rearing grounds to the Northern Pacific Ocean. To properly manage these species an understanding of their migration patterns and survival is necessary. Acoustic telemetry is an ideal tool used to study the migratory survival and behavior of juvenile salmonids. However, the assumption that tagged individuals behave similarly to non-tagged conspecifics in the freshwater and saltwater phases of their outmigration need to b...

Linton, Elizabeth Dawn

Adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) returning to Exploits River to spawn encounter low concentrations (< 1%) of effluent as they migrate upstream. Laboratory experiments were designed to assess various endpoints of sublethal stress in adult Atlantic salmon acutely exposed to TMP mill effluent. Critical swimming speed (U[sub crit]) and hepatic EROD induction were determined following 12-hour exposure to 0, 6, 12, and 25% (v/v) TMP effluent. Additionally, the effects of 6-hour exposure to 0, 6,...

Gill, Navneet

Commercially available sunflower meal (SFM) was subjected to extrusion processing and then tail-end dehulling (using multiple vibrating screens) to nutritionally upgrade the protein content to 40.9% on a dry weight basis (db) and improve its digestible energy content. A basal and four test diets were formulated by replacing fishmeal protein in the dietary mix with increasing equal increments of nutritionally upgraded SFM (maximum dietary concentration 27%; db). The resulting five diets (-49...

Gendron, Jean-François

Salmon and trout respond to river temperature fluctuations by moving into cooler areas when main-stem temperatures exceed their upper tolerance limits. In a climate warming context, these areas are increasingly recognized as an important aspect of stream habitat especially for cold water fish such as salmonids, because they can act as thermal refuges during summer months. This thesis aims firstly to examine the physical processes that underlie the formation of various types of cold water anomali...

Zheng, Ming

Aquaculture is a rapidly expanding industry that has contributed substantially to world-wide food production. Salmon culture constitutes an important part of aquaculture industry. The production of farmed salmon in British Columbia reached 20,000 metric tons (mt) in 1991 and 1992 and ispredicted to grow to 26,700 mt by 1995 (Smith, 1993). However, due to the high stocking density in aquaculture and occasional poor husbandry practices, the fish are predisposed to various diseases. Treatment proto...

Negrey, John Patrick

<p>Hatchery reared Chinook salmon from California&rsquo;s Central Valley were fed for 67 days (Apr-Jun, 2008) on fish pellets mixed with either 0, 1, 3, or 5 &micro;g&middot;g^&minus;1 methylmercury hydroxide. Weight, fork length, condition factor, and Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase measurements were determined every two weeks and a 96-h seawater challenge was conducted at the conclusion of the experiment. </p><p> Results from two-way ANOVA, with treatment and date as independen...

Payne, Brigid

Lateral instability exerts considerable influence on the sedimentology, planform, and hydraulic characteristics of gravel-bed rivers. Because Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) tolerate a narrow range of depths, velocities and substrate sizes, the quality and quantity of habitat available to salmon should vary with level of river instability. In the Riviere Nouvelle, a Gaspe river destabilized by deforestation and past channelization projects, the effect of lateral instability on habitat was variable...

Taylor, Sarah Elizabeth

This study explored the sport experiences of four Little Salmon Carmacks First Nations (LSCFN) girls from Carmacks, Yukon Territory. Along with their stories I also tell my own, as I was their coach and teacher during their time in organized sports. Throughout the study the girls described their sport experiences as being enmeshed in notions and issues surrounding their race (Native), gender (female), and location (rurality). These are unpacked and discussed throughout the study. Their stories s...

Robinson, Kendra Alexis

Fish that are released from fisheries capture exhibit physiological and behavioural changes that can result in mortality. The ability to release fish that do not experience subsequent fitness consequences is fundamental to fisheries conservation and management tools that mandate live release. Thus, researchers have evaluated methods that fishers can use to reduce the potential for negative capture-related effects. Indeed, modifying capture and landing practices can limit the severity of the phys...

Pauga, Melanie

Salmon is a good source of long chain (LC) omega 3 fatty acids and selenium; these are well recognised for their health benefits. Recommendations for LC omega 3 fatty acid intakes presume equivalence between fish and fish oil. The aim of this research was to compare the effects of consuming salmon with salmon oil capsules on LC omega 3 fatty acid and selenium status. Forty four healthy subjects were randomly assigned to consume either two servings of 120 g farmed New Zealand King (FNZK) salmon/w...

Weil, Jacob Daniel Cole

Understanding how energy flows through ecosystems reveals underlying ecological patterns that can drive processes such as growth and survival of organisms. To understand how energy is transferred through organisms, the energy content or energy density (ED) of both consumers and prey must be determined. To facilitate the ease of ED measurement across taxa, I developed a model to estimate the ED of organisms using percent ash-free dry weight (AFDW). Using data obtained from 11 studies with broad t...

Kusler, Jennifer, Kusler, Jennifer

Pacific salmon

Adams, Megan Sara

Human activity modifies the behaviour of large vertebrates and their acquisition of key resources. Despite the predation risk and competition for similar food resources that humans impose, wildlife consumers must acquire key foods across the landscape. Predation risk can modify foraging behaviour, yet we know little about the potential consequences, especially on large spatial scales. Humans may also affect food availability for wildlife by competing for shared prey, which most current harvest p...

Lans, Linnea

For Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta), the decision to migrate or when to migrate is believed to be influenced by the individual’s metabolic rate (MR) relative its food intake. As MR was expected to be related to behaviour, the potential links between behaviour and metabolic costs was studied. For both salmon and trout the dominant individual had a higher standard metabolic rate (SMR) than its subordinate counterpart. Also, successful migrants of brown trout had a high...

Beeson, Helen

A well-accepted idea in geomorphology is that landforms control the type and distribution of biological habitat. However, the linkages between geomorphology and ecology remain poorly understood. In rivers, the geomorphic template controls the hydraulic environment, partly shaping the river ecosystem. But what processes shape the geomorphic template? Here, I examine how two hillslope processes dominant in the Oregon Coast Range, debris flows and deep-seated landslides, affect valley floor width a...

Tétreault, Bertrand

The fact that some salmon spend only one year and a little more feeding in the sea before returning to their home river has been clearly demonstrated through scale reading and tagging experiments. These fish are called "grilse". In other words, a grilse usually enters its river of origin after one complete year and part of a summer at sea (A.1+) whereas a fully grown salmon (the backbone of a salmon fishery) usually remains in the sea 25 or 26 months (A.2 or A.2+), 36, 37 or 38 months (A.3 or A....

Kennedy, Laura

The early marine period for juvenile salmon is a critical life history stage for growth and survival. The health of near-shore ecosystems where juvenile salmon spend their early marine life, and the capacity of these habitats to provide prey are thus important for overall salmon returns. While near-shore habitat is generally accepted as being of critical importance, few studies have examined how juvenile salmon use this habitat during their early marine life. Understanding the trophic dynamics i...

Gallagher, Emily Jean

This thesis contributes to our general knowledge of ionoregulatory function in developing fish by characterizing the functional ontogeny of sodium (Na⁺) balance in salmonids reared in freshwater during early development. Chapter 2 investigated the plasticity of Na⁺ balance and transport capacity during a critical developmental transition from cutaneous-dominated to gill-dominated ionoregulation in the model teleost fish, the rainbow trout. Fish experienced very high resting unidirectional Na⁺ ...

Sopinka, Natalie Marie

Maternal experiences can have profound effects on offspring phenotype. In oviparous animals, prolonged maternal exposure to stressors can elevate circulating cortisol and is thought to also elevate egg cortisol. Experimental increases in egg cortisol are known to affect offspring performance. In fishes, past research has focused on how chronic maternal exposure to stressors affects egg size and embryonic survival, but changes to egg hormones and progeny phenotype beyond early development are not...

Gaffney, Leigh Phillippa

Fish are capable of colour vision and certain colours have been shown to affect growth and survival, skin colour, stress response, and reproduction. Beyond these physiological consequences, colour has also been shown to affect aggression levels, which is a widespread problem in aquaculture. The compatibility of fish with tank colour has been largely neglected within the aquaculture industry. Common practice is to use light blue tanks but there is no scientific basis for this choice. Closed cont...

Brännäs, Eva

This thesis deals with important factors that affect the temporal organization of emergence and early survival of Baltic salmon (Salmo salar L.). The study population was obtained from the Norrfors hatchery (63°50'N,20°05'E), Umeälven (Ume river) in Northern Sweden. The main objectives of the thesis has been to study; a: the effect of female and egg characteristics on embryonic survival, b: the effect of egg size, temperature and photoperiod on the emergence pattern and c: the impact of early or...

Ou, Michelle

As a consequence of increasing atmospheric CO₂, the partial pressure of CO₂ (pCO₂) in the oceans is rising, causing a decrease in pH and carbonate ions known as ocean acidification (OA). Since freshwater systems have the same potential for atmospheric equilibrium with CO₂, similar scenarios of acidification will occur in freshwater, yet little is known about the potential impacts of climate change-related acidification on freshwater species and ecosystems. Moreover, virtually no research has inv...

Beale, Roxanna Louise

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate quantitatively the effects of a mixture of agricultural and non-agricultural land use practices on the chemical characteristics of the Salmon River, near Fort Langley, B.C. Present land use and geomorphic unit maps were used to determine appropriate stream sampling sites which would give an indication of the combined and separate effects of land use and geologic materials on water quality. Chemical characteristics of the Salmon River and its ...

Brox, Gunter Herbert

Water quality studies conducted in the recent past in the Lower Fraser River Basin indicated that locally some high pollution levels exist. With further urbanization and industrialization of the Vancouver region an increase in waste loadings and a degradation of water quality can be expected if no strict pollution control is applied. Of particular concern are biologically undegradable substances such as heavy metals and poly-chlorinated hydrocarbons. They accumulate in the sediments of the rive...

Bhoojedhur, Seewant

The role of soils in the adsorption and release of heavy metals and their interaction in soil systems has not been extensively investigated. The interface between soils and water systems and the effects of land use practices on heavy metal adsorption, partitioning and release is an area of inquiry that requires study. In this study, both empirical and mechanistic approaches were utilized for evaluating the fate and behaviour of the heavy metals cadmium, lead, copper and zinc in clay minerals, an...

Neuman, H. R.

The possible role of prolactin in the freshwater osmoregulation of laboratory reared juvenile chum (Oncorhynchus keta) and sockeye (0. nerka) salmon was investigated. Pituitary cytology indicated that prolactin cells of both species develop gradually during freshwater residence and downstream migration. During this time the prolactin cells increase slightly in size; the number of prolactin cell follicles also increases. Simultaneously, the intensity of cytoplasmic staining with erythrosin increa...

Young, Jeffery

Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) undertake arduous upstream spawning migrations to complete their anadromous lifecycle. The success of this migration requires intensive energy use, complex physiological changes, and reproductive development. For the first time, I examine the relationships between individual physiology, migration timing, and mortality for a meta-population of sockeye salmon (late-run adults of the Adams- Shuswap stock complex) as they passed a single point in their upstream mi...

Wright, R. Howie

Skaha and Osoyoos lakes are within in the British Columbia portion of the Okanagan Basin. Each lake has an indigenous population of Oncorhynchus nerka and the lakes have been invaded by the opossum shrimp Mysis relicta through downstream migration from Okanagan L. where they were introduced in 1966. O. nerka and M. relicta compete for zooplankton food resources. Generally, in lakes where M. relicta have been introduced, the O. nerka population declines. Impacts of M. relicta include cha...

Naman, Sean Murphy

Untangling the mechanisms linking the physical world to ecological processes is paramount for effectively conserving and restoring habitat for threatened species. Pacific salmon rearing in small streams have been particularly well studied in this regard given that physical habitat features (e.g., velocity) strongly influence their performance and that habitat alteration is a major cause of their decline in many areas. However, despite strong evidence that stream salmonids are food limited, we la...

Allegue, Hassen

There is increasing evidence that predation by harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) on salmon smolts out-migrating from rivers may be a significant source of mortality for coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Chinook (O. tshawytscha) salmon populations in British Columbia. Studies supporting this have focused on documenting what and how much seals eat—and the potential impact this has on salmon populations. However, little attention has been given to understanding where, when and how this predation occurs,...

Eeg, Devin Ainsworth

Chinese migrant workers in North America have typically been regarded in two ways by historians: either as competitive threats to white workers, or as workers isolated within ethnic niches. Few scholars have examined cases where Chinese workers complemented or supported the labour of others. This thesis looks at Chinese labour in British Columbia’s salmon canning industry between 1871 and 1941, arguing that Chinese workers were foundational to white fishing jobs in the province. Drawing on compa...

Shearing, Giles Andrew

Substrate requirements are an important component of the multifaceted spawning needs of salmon, and this research effort was directed at developing a greater understanding of sediment transport dynamics and bed material response in the Middle Shuswap River in consequence of the emplacement and subsequent management of Wilsey Dam. Downstream of Wilsey Dam the river provides spawning habitat for coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch), chinook (O. tshawytscha), pink (O. gorbuscha) and sockeye (O. nerka) salmo...

Bett, Nolan Nicholas

Olfactory cues can provide many forms of information about an animal’s environment. For some migratory species, these cues guide migrants towards foraging or reproductive grounds. Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) use olfactory cues to locate their natal sites during the spawning migration. The objective of this thesis was to further our understanding of the olfactory-mediated movements of Pacific salmon as they return to their home streams to spawn. Through a synthesis of past studies on olfac...

Minke-Martin, Vanessa

Water temperature affects every aspect of the physiology of ectothermic fishes. Heterothermic stenotherms, like Pacific salmon, use behavioural thermoregulation to swim into more optimal water temperatures and out of less optimal ones. The range of preferred temperatures can coincide with the thermal optima of important physiological processes. During the reproductive migration, adult Pacific salmon partition limited endogenous energy and aerobic scope for activity to multiple activities, includ...

Flynn, Michael Bernard

This study was undertaken to try to delay gonadal maturation of pink salmon for one year beyond their normal two year life cycle. This would allow these fish to spawn in years of low or nonexistent escapement and possibly increase these "poor" year populations. Three experiments were conducted to investigate the efficacy of the antigonadotropic drug, methallibure, in inhibiting gonadal maturation in pink salmon. Gonadosomatic index, oocyte diameter, and stages of cell maturation in the testis an...

Watts, Eric George

In mammals, calcium homeostasis is under the control of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin. Fish lack parathyroid glands but large amounts of calcitonin are located in the ultimobranchial gland. The objective of this thesis was to examine calcium metabolism and the possible physiological role of calcitonin in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, and Pacific salmon, genus Oncorhynchus. Ultimobranchial gland calcitonin concentrations were measured in trout and salmon under a variety of conditions, usi...

Naugler, Trudy Lynn

Understanding the sources and pathways of water pollutants is critical for protecting freshwater resources. Relationships between water quality and land use can be obscured by variable land use, seasonal variability, and interactions between surface water and groundwater. This research combines the tools of fluorescence spectroscopy, nitrate stable isotopes and water chemistry to better understand land use impacts on water quality. The Hopington aquifer, one of the most vulnerable aquifers in th...

Gregory, Robert S.

I investigated the effect of turbidity on the foraging behaviour of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the laboratory. Specifically, I examined a behavioural "tradeoff" between visual ability and "perceived" risk. I assessed visual ability by measuring the reaction distance of juvenile Chinook to planktonic Artemia prey. I found Chinook exhibited a log-linear decline in reaction distance with increasing turbidity. To determine the effects of turbidity and microhabitat on for...

Labelle, Marc

An investigation was initiated in southern British Columbia during 1984 to determine the degree of similarity between populations of coho salmon, in terms of their demographic traits and exploitation patterns. Fourteen stocks of wild or hatchery origin were subject to coded-wire tagging in nine different streams located within a 150 km region of southeast Vancouver Island during 1985,1986, and 1987. Escapement enumeration and tag recovery were conducted during the 1985-1988 period in all streams...

Kelton, Andrew John

The rapid 1980's development of the salmon farming industry in British Columbia has been called "a poorly defined experiment in a poorly understood coastal environment", and the main impetus behind it described as "the chaotic, bottom-line orientation" not only of the industry itself but also of relevant government policy. The purpose of this thesis is to elaborate on these themes by identifying and delineating the most significant reasoning models underlying government development policy; and t...

Subandar, Awal

Salmon netpen culture operation is going to grow in the next 5 years in British Columbia, and this culture generates nutrient loading. Kelp could utilize this nutrient to grow. To investigate the feasibility of an integrated culture of kelp and salmon, 3 consecutive experiments (each lasted 9 days) using kelp (Laminaria saccharina) (length 15 cm) were conducted at Marine Ecosystem Programme (West Vancouver) during April-September, 1990. The objectives were to test the effect of flow and kelp den...

Reid, Rebecca Anne

The spawning migration of chum salmon results in a deterioration of the eating quality of the flesh. There is a loss in the colour of the muscle from red-pink to white-grey, a distinct off-flavour develops and the firm texture becomes soft and watery. The reduced appeal of the canned and fresh product results in an economic loss of this important B.C. commodity. Chum salmon were sampled at four stages during their spawning migration in order to describe the physical, chemical and structural cha...

McGeer, James C.

Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) from six hatcheries operated by the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans Salmonid Enhancement Project, were reared in a common facility and then subjected to a series of standardized challenge tests. Results suggest that there are genetically based differences in the response to stressful challenges among stocks of coho salmon from southern British Columbia. The challenge tests were: saltwater (30ppt); saltwater and an increase in temperature (30ppt and ...