Johnstone, Devon

I describe temporal changes in the genetic composition of a small anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) population from South Newfoundland, an area where salmon populations are considered as Threatened (COSEWIC 2010). I examined the genetic variability (13 microsatellite loci) in 869 out-migrating smolt and post-spawning kelt samples, collected from 1985 to 2011 for a total of 22 annual collections and a 30 year span of assigned cohorts. I estimated the annual effective number of breeders (Nb...

NORMAN, MARC DOUGLAS

The Owyhee Mountains of southwestern Idaho are constructed of Cretaceous granitic rocks of the Idaho batholith and thick sequences of Cenozoic volcanics. Igneous rocks in these mountains record a fundamental transition of tectonic regimes in their systematic changes of magmatic style and composition through time. Cretaceous through Oligocene age rocks were produced from predominantly subduction-related magma sources associated with convergent tectonism along the Pacific margin of North America. ...

Bhandari, Krishna H

No description available.

Luce, Shelley Lynne

No description available.

Skipnes, Bruna Iannone

The aim of the study was to study the ocurrence of fin erosion, opercular deformities and body lesions in a smolt Production cycle of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), in relation to environmental parameters and features.

Colaiacomo, Erika J.

The Condit Dam breach on the White Salmon River (WSR) in Washington provided a unique opportunity to study how a bedrock-confined, gravel-bed river responds to a large influx of fine reservoir sediment. On October 26, 2011, a dynamite explosion breached a hole in the base of the 38 m tall dam, causing rapid reservoir erosion and downstream transport of fine sediment through the 5,300 m of channel separating the reservoir from the mouth of the WSR, where it flows into the Columbia River. In my re...

Li, Lingbo

This thesis examines top-down control and a policy of predator culling, the possible impacts of invasive species, and the bottom-up effects of zooplankton on the fish populations in the Strait of Georgia (SoG), British Columbia. In summary, my study highlights indirect interactions and strongly suggests ecosystem-based management in the SoG. For top-down control, I examined interactions between harbour seals and fisheries using Ecopath with Ecosim modelling. Harbour seals feed on herring, hak...

Jeffries, Kenneth Michael

Many populations of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) now encounter warmer rivers during their once-in-a-lifetime spawning migrations, which can result in premature mortality and may have contributed to some of the population declines observed in recent decades. One objective of this thesis was to determine the effects of high water temperatures on wild caught adult sockeye (O. nerka) and pink (O. gorbuscha) salmon at the level of the individual, tissue and cell through a series of temperature ...

Decker, Andrew Scott

In British Columbia and the Pacific Northwest, construction of off-channel habitat including artificial ponds and groundwater-fed channels, figures prominently in restoration efforts intended to benefit coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). To examine how juvenile coho production was effected by autotrophic productivity in these systems, I estimated the average size and abundance of juvenile coho during late summer and early spring over two years in three pairs of physically similar channels ...

Richardson, Jill Marie

The thesis hypothesis of this research was that farmed chinook salmon could be made into better quality functional kamaboko when made from solubilized frozen surimi than when made from conventional frozen surimi. An 84 day storage study compared kamaboko gel quality made from solubilized and traditional surimi. Fresh farmed chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) was used to make both solubilized surimi and surimi (control). Solubilized treatments contained varying concentrations of calc...

Reinhardt, Ulrich Georg

Models of behaviour in trade-off situations between foraging and predator avoidance predict that an animal's decision should depend on dynamic internal states, such as energy or hormonal levels. For example, it is predicted that willingness to risk mortality decreases with increasing assets of the forager. In this thesis, I used a combination of experimental manipulation and computer modeling to examine the influence of various dynamic states, particularly body size, on the risk taking behav...

Rennie, Colin D.

This thesis is an investigation of bed mobility in gravel-bed rivers. In particular, two hypotheses are addressed: 1) that mobilization (scour) depth in salmon egg nests (redds) differs from that of surrounding bed, and 2) that equilibrium bedload transport rate in gravel-bed rivers can be predicted by assuming equal mobility and accounting for armouring and particle hiding/exposure. To test the first hypothesis, a single spawning reach of Kanaka Creek, British Columbia was monitored for s...

Grant, Kathy Lynn

In 1995, the Salmon River Watershed Roundtable (SRWR) became a pilot project for a collaborative process to establish community-developed ecosystem objectives, (part of a larger project to develop goals, objectives and indicators of ecosystem health). This thesis evaluates the collaboration using mostly qualitative methods including document analysis, participant observation, interviews with process participants, and a survey of watershed residents. A comparison of the case study to a 5-sta...

Cook, Kathryn Emily

The Salmon River watershed is at the rural-urban fringe of the rapidly developing Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD) and has undergone substantial land-use change in the last 20 years. This study provides information on spatial and temporal patterns of water quality within the Salmon River, using trace metals in sediments, and nitrate and total phosphorus in water as indicators of the quality of the aquatic environment. Relationships between water quality, surficial materials, and l...

Ingram, Stephanie Robin

Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) life cycles involve completion of several developmental stages including the alevin stage. As alevins, sockeye salmon are found within freshwater gravel redds where they utilise yolk sacs for nutrition, growth and development. Flow mediated scour events pose a common threat of destruction to both redds and fragile alevins during a several month period of winter incubation. However, to date, there is very little research on the impacts of early forced emergen...

Gale, Marika Kirstin

Pacific salmon experience intense fishing pressure as they commence their freshwater spawning migration, frequently encountering commercial net fisheries and recreational hook and line gear. Untold numbers of fish escape by their own volition or are released by fishers at a range of water temperatures, including those above metabolic and physiological optimums. This thesis focuses on the mortality and sublethal consequences of escape or release from fishing gears by migrating adult Pacific salmo...

Burt, Jennifer Mary

Pacific salmon experience intense selection pressures during their early development, and offspring survivorship and fitness traits are influenced by both parental and environmental influences. Given that elevated water temperature can critically impact early development, this thesis focuses on how individual spawners within a population influence the variation in offspring responses to thermal stress. The importance of parentage in assessing temperature effects on fish early life history wa...

Hruska, Kimberly Anne

An individual’s physiological and behavioural response to its environment can have fitness implications. To address hypotheses about the roles of physiology and behaviour on spawning success in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), I conducted experiments in an artificial spawning channel during three spawning seasons. Experiments involved biopsy sampling and behavioural observations; physiology and behaviour were then related to reproductive longevity and egg retention of spawning females. Fem...

Ho, Thomas

The incorporation of soybean meal in aquaculture diets can lower feed ingredient costs, but also produces organoleptically unfavorable conditions for several salmon species. Addition of feed attractants could mask the undesirable tastes associated with soybean meal, enhance palatability of the diet, and increase feed intake. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of utilizing hydrolysates from Pacific hake as feed attractants in the diet of juvenile Chinook salmon. A 5-week pa...

Roscoe, David William

Pacific salmon carry out long distance spawning migrations from ocean feeding grounds to natal freshwater streams. Because many salmon rivers are dammed, fishways are required to enable individuals to pass through dams and reach upstream spawning areas. However, many fishways are ineffective, preventing or delaying upstream passage, suggesting a need to monitor and evaluate these facilities. I conducted a literature review of studies evaluating the effectiveness of fishways to assess what...

Mathes, Martin Todd

I related survival of adult Weaver Creek sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) to water temperature, migration timing, physiological condition, and lake residence in the lower Fraser River and Harrison System, British Columbia. Late-run sockeye were intercepted in the Harrison River after completing the Fraser River component of their spawning migration. Individual sockeye were tagged with radio or acoustic transmitters (equipped with depth sensor), biopsied for physiological assessment and r...

Dimoulas, Peter Michael

If GH-transgenic coho salmon escaped into the natural environment would their performance during predator-prey encounters or spawning migrations be different from their wild conspecifics? We examined fast-start and sprinting performance to infer their prospective ability to evade predatory strikes and chasing predators, to chase prey, and to complete spawning migrations. Similarly, we addressed the effects of GH upregulation on muscle functioning. Fast-starts are rapid escape events, and are ...

Mehlenbacher, Nara Marie

The deposition and accumulation of fish farm waste discharges within marine sediments can induce geochemical and physical changes which may inhibit the survival of the natural benthic community. There is no primary literature published on the topic of benthic habitat recovery following fish farming activity in British Columbia. Furthermore, there is no standardized set of methods that has been recommended for determining rates and patterns of benthic habitat recovery at abandoned fish farm sites...

Quigley, Jason Trevor

The early life history behaviour of juvenile chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) rearing in the Torpy River, British Columbia was investigated to assist in interpreting the significance of the effects of forest harvesting on juvenile chinook. Investigations of side-channels, tributaries and the mainstem Torpy River in 1997 and 1998 suggested that groundwater controlled, nonnatal tributaries were the highest value habitats in all seasons (spring, summer, fall/winter). Small, non-natal tributaries ...

Kay, Aran Serenity

The opossum shrimp (Mysis relicta) was introduced into Okanagan Lake, British Columbia (BC), in 1966 in order to serve as an intermediate food item for kokanee salmon (Oncorhychus nerka). However, beginning in the early 1970s, kokanee began a sharp decline in abundance. In the search for reasons for the kokanee decline, two factors were identified: mysid competition with kokanee over zooplankton resources and reduced nutrient loads to the lake. Between 1970 and 2000, the M. relicta populat...

Standen, Emily M.

Adult Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus sp.) undertake upriver migrations to reach their spawning grounds. Because these fish cease feeding upon entry to freshwater they depend entirely upon energy reserves to complete their upriver spawning migration. In the past in situ salmon migration energetics and behaviour have been studied independently. Body constituency analysis has been used to assess energy use of migrating fish on a spatial-temporal scale of hundreds of kilometers (Idler and Clemens...

Roome, Jennifer Robyn

Genetic variation in disease resistance was investigated in two coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) strains, previously demonstrated to have significant differences in survival after challenge with the marine fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum, and their reciprocal strain crosses. V. anguillarum and the freshwater fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida were used in the disease challenges conducted by immersion, injection and cohabitation with infected cohorts. Kidney and gill lysozyme activity, w...

Nayar, Tarun Adrian

Available evidence suggests that interannual variability in the recruitment of Pacific salmon is related to survival in the first few months juveniles spend at sea. Differential growth of smolts during this stage is often thought to result in interannual differences in marine survival, as those fish that grow faster may be less vulnerable to predators or physiological and environmental stressors associated with overwintering (i.e. the 'differential growth' hypothesis). Due to the limitation...

Bratty, Jessica Margaret

I investigated seasonal patterns in habitat related movement, distribution and abundance of juvenile coho salmon in two interior British Columbia streams, and in particular, used individual and categorical marks to examine how size-dependent overwinter growth and survival relate to freshwater production. Counter to results from coastal streams, I found no evidence of autumnal movement into off-channel areas or other sites considered favourable winter habitat. Abundance in these habitat type...

Thompson, Lisa Colleen

Experimental fertilization was conducted on Kootenay Lake, B.C. from 1992 to 1997 to compensate for nutrients lost behind hydroelectric dams upstream of the lake. Declining nutrient loads were correlated with lower in-lake nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll a concentrations, and macrozooplankton densities, and a dramatic decline in kokanee salmon {Oncorhynchus nerka) stocks. A simulation model of the lake suggested that increased zooplankton production resulting from fertilization might b...

Jacobs, Keelan

This thesis examines the migration and survival of Miramichi River Atlantic salmon kelts within the Miramichi estuary and Atlantic Ocean, with the goals of documenting their migratory characteristics, survival and possible long term effects of catch-and-release angling. A total of 100 kelts were tagged with acoustic telemetry tags in 2008 and 2009 (50 per year) and were passively tracked through the Miramichi estuary system and Atlantic Ocean. Kelt survival to the estuary exit was high; 96 % in ...

Stratholt, Miles Linley

Seven female coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), in the final stages of oogenesis, were exposed to mechanical disturbance (chased for 60 seconds with hand net), twice daily over a two week period. There was no significant difference in mean gonadosomatic index between disturbed (4.63 ± 0.19) and undisturbed (4.76 ± 0.34) females. Mean plasma Cortisol level in the disturbed females (227.52 ± 61.51 ng/ml) was higher, though not significantly, than that seen in undisturbed females (140.99 ± 42...

Wagey, Gabriel Antonius

The dispersal pattern of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) was studied to explore the extent to which coho distribution can be explained by random movement and advection by surface currents. A computer simulation model was constructed to simulate the dispersal of tagged coho salmon after 13 months of ocean residence. The simulation model is spatially organized into 310 habitat boxes representing the waters surrounding Vancouver Island. Simulated fish represented by number of particles were...

DeShield, Coral Ginger

Recognition and use of indigenous knowledge in resource management can increase the information available about the resource and facilitate establishment of a larger management role for local resource users. This paper examines the use of indigenous knowledge in resource management using the case of knowledge of Pacific salmon {Oncorhynchus spp.) among the Upper St'at'imc, near Lillooet, British Columbia (B.C.). Salmon in the study area are currently managed by the federal Department of Fis...

Shrimpton, James M.

Seasonal changes in corticosteroid receptors (CR) in the gills of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were examined to determine what effect smolting and rearing environment had on gill tissue sensitivity to cortisol. CR concentration and affinity were found to change seasonally with the increases in gill Na+K+ATPase activity and the development of saltwater tolerance. At times of the year when fish showed increased saltwater tolerance, the gill CR concentration and affinity decreased. The declin...

Heath, Daniel D.

Male chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), that mature sexually one year prior to females and after at least one summer in sea water, are known as jacks. A breeding experiment to test for genetic and environmental (temperature at early rearing) effects on the incidence of jacking in chinook salmon showed significant sire, dam, and environmental effects, as well as genotype-by-environment interactions. Heritability estimates for incidence of jacking based on sire-offspring regressions within...

Wernick, Barbara Gail

The Salmon River Watershed, Langley, B.C., is on the urban-rural fringe of the Greater Vancouver Regional District. A major aquifer within the Salmon River Watershed provides rural residents with drinking water and maintains stream flow during the summer. The highly mixed land use activities in the watershed, consisting of residential development, commercial agriculture and hobby farming, are resulting in non-point source nitrogen pollution of stream and groundwater. The purpose of this stu...

Cope, R. Scott

Before impacts of forest harvesting can be identified, the natural physical and biological influences on incubation processes must be understood within interior British Columbia watersheds. The early Stuart stock of sockeye salmon {Oncorhynchus nerka) utilize the most northerly nursery habitat of the Fraser River sockeye stocks. This has led to speculation that production may be limited by high overwinter incubation mortality. An in situ incubation study was conducted on four adjac...

Gajic, Nevena

Vosso, the second-largest watershed in Norway, was considered special as it produced some of the biggest salmon in the country. This salmon had economic, cultural as well as ecological importance. Due to its diversity, it was regarded a unique biological resource. Yet in the late 1980s the stock collapsed, quite abruptly and unexpected. This triggered a large-scale scientific research and eventually led to a rescue project to restore the wild Vosso salmon. The goal of this thesis was to explore ...

Lewis, Danielle Lee

In response to stimuli (i.e., salmon mucus) the sea louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, produces pharmacologically active substances (prostaglandin E₂, trypsin-like proteases and cathepsin). Lice-derived secretions impair the genetic expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in the commercial salmon-head kidney (SHK-1) cell line and head kidney macrophages isolated from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar); however, effects on the functionality of these cells has not been explored. Related to the developmen...

Friesen, Erin

Aquaculture feeds, traditionally composed mainly of fishmeal and fish oil, currently represent the largest cost to fish farmers. With aquaculture growing at an average of 8.8% per year and limited supply of fishmeal and fish oil, suitable alternatives must be found. In addition to increasing sustainability and lowering production costs, the use of plant and/or animal ingredients has the potential to lower flesh levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls. Fis...

Tang, Stephen

I used physiological stress as in indicator of welfare of adult Atlantic salmon during transport onboard a commercial live-haul vessel, the Sterling Carrier under actual operational conditions. This state-of-the-art vessel incorporates both flow-thru (open-hold) and re-circulating (closed-hold) live-hold configurations to safely transport fish under diverse environmental conditions. Measurements of bulk oxygen uptake rates (bulk MO₂) for fish masses ranging from 20 to 40 tons during open-hold t...

Nomura, Miki

Despite the controversy over environmental sustainability, salmon aquaculture in British Columbia is economically important for many coastal communities and is reported as being the largest agricultural export product for the province. This thesis examined the welfare status of commercially produced Atlantic salmon smolts during transport from freshwater farms to the saltwater net pens using physiology and behaviour to assess transport stress. Smolts were transported first by truck from the fres...

MacKinnon, Colin N.

This study was undertaken to determine whether gonads of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) could be stimulated by pelleted or injected salmon gonadotropin to reproductive maturity one year earlier than normal. This procedure, if successful, might be used in attempting to populate an "off" year cycle of pink salmon. In juvenile male pink salmon complete maturity was attained by September in the year of hatching with both pellet implantation (1x/3 weeks) and injection (thrice weekly) of 1.0 mic...

Peters, Neil Jacob

Major flood control works for the Vedder River, presently in the planning stage, will affect the productivity of the Vedder River's pink and chum salmon. In the past, flood control work has failed to provide long term flood protection and has reduced salmon productivity. This thesis presents the background and history of the interrelated flood control and fish resource problems, suggests apparently feasible solutions, and develops a method to determine the numbers of pink and chum salmon that wo...

Harris, Colin K.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1989. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [194]-207).

Appelblad, Håkan

The aim of the thesis is to analyse the preconditions for increasedsalmon angling in the remaining wild salmon rivers in Upper Norrland in northernSweden, as well as to evaluate the present and possible future impacts on the localeconomy. It includes the identification of the internal and external conditions, in what ishere called the Salmon Utilisation Landscape, that influence the present use as well asfuture development of the Baltic salmon as a resource in angling. The empirical materialsder...

Arenas Amado, Antonio

Utility companies and regulatory agencies are interested in understanding juvenile salmon swimming patterns as they approach hydropower dams because it can allow them to assess fish bypass efficiency and conduct fish survival studies. A model capable of predicting juvenile salmon swim paths can assist in the design of fish bypasses and diversion structures. This thesis presents a mechanistic model tailored to simulate swimming patterns of ...

Tiago Alberto da Santa Lopes

No description available.

abstract: Located in Southwest Alaska on the Bering Sea, Bristol Bay covers the area of land and water that lies north of the Alaska Peninsula. The Bristol Bay region consists of more than 40 million acres and is home to approximately 7,400 people of mostly Alaska Native descent. Many Natives still maintain a subsistence lifestyle. The region’s Indigenous inhabitants include Aleuts, Eskimos, and Indians. Bristol Bay’s Indigenous cultures developed around the abundant salmon runs. The Bristol Bay...