Prince, Angela

The prevailing view regarding the fitness, evolution and maintenance of male coho mating strategies has been based on pieces of data from different salmon species. Since there is no reason to suppose that all salmon species are the same, there is a need for a quantitative description of male coho salmon breeding behavior. The focus of this thesis is to provide a detailed ethological study of male coho spawning behavior with the objective of quantifying 1) patterns of movements, and...

Afonso, Luis Orlando Bertolla

The effects of inhibiting estrogen production on sexual development in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were investigated in this study through in vivo and in vitro experiments, using an aromatase inhibitor. In the in vivo studies female were injected with the aromatase inhibitor Fadrozole during vitellogenesis and close to final maturation, and males during spermatogenesis. In both females and males the effects of Fadrozole were investigated by determining the changes in plasma sex steroid l...

Mountain, Scot Alexander

Stable or decreasing catches in conjunction with increasing hatchery releases have suggested decreasing marine survival rates for populations of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus sp.) in the Georgia Strait. I examined the possibility that a carrying capacity is imposing limits on the populations of coho (Onchorhynchus kisutch) and chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytschd) salmon. Two investigations were carried out; the first involved an examination of the impact that juvenile salmon have on their food supp...

Zamluk, Rita Margaret

Between 1985 and 1995, government agencies and interest groups interacted in a recurring cycle of moratoria and reviews in attempts to resolve a wide variety of environmental, economic and social concerns about salmon farming while making policies to manage the development of the new industry in British Columbia. Using policy community theory, this thesis analyzes how the community members developed the salmon farming policy framework. Then, drawing on the recommendations that were alrea...

Ajmani, Asha Megan

In the early life history of sockeye salmon smolts, prey availability (quality and quantity) and growth are strongly linked. During this critical period, when ~ 90% of their mortality occurs, they must attain a critical size at which they have sufficient energy stores to survive their long migration with little predation impact, leading to better survival and higher returns. To determine patterns of growth of out-migrating sockeye salmon and to link inter-annual variations in growth to diet and ...

Gallagher, Zoë Sydney Wilson

Following yolk-sac absorption and gravel emergence pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) migrate into seawater (SW) at as small as 0.2 g. This life-history strategy is in contrast with most anadromous salmonid species that generally spend 1-2 years growing in fresh water (FW) and physiologically preparing for life in SW before they migrate to SW as smolts. This study characterized for the first time the ontogeny of SW tolerance in pink salmon around the period of yolk-sac absorption. Post-hatch ...

Eliason Parsons, Erika Jennifer

Elevated summer water temperature has been associated with high mortality in adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) during their once-in-a-lifetime migration up the Fraser River (British Columbia, Canada) to their spawning grounds. There are over 100 genetically distinct populations of sockeye salmon in the Fraser River watershed, varying in migration distance, elevation gain, river temperature and river flow. This thesis studied the physiological basis for temperature tolerance in sockeye sa...

Melnychuk, Michael Colin

Determination of causes for recent declines in marine survival rates of many Pacific salmon populations has been hindered by lack of information on where and when mortality predominantly occurs. Acoustic telemetry was used to monitor movements of tagged outmigrating juvenile salmon, and mark-recapture models were used to estimate survival. Several methods were developed for estimating detection probabilities (p) of tagged fish: models for combining multiple populations with partially-overla...

Dain-Owens, Susan L.

The Taku River Tlingit First Nation of Northwest British Columbia harvests salmon for commercial, cultural, and sustenance purposes. In this case study I describe the current co-management process of the Taku River salmon fishery as it exists between the First Nation and the Canadian and Alaskan governments, drawing primarily on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in the summer of 2007. In the past, Tlingit families spent the summer on the lower Taku River and vicinity, fishing as part of the ...

Bessey, Cindy

The reproductive performance of growth-enhanced transgenic and nontransgenic coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) was examined to address concerns associated with using genetically modified fish in aquaculture. A major concern is the initial reproductive interaction between transgenic and wild fish that may occur if transgenic salmon escape into the natural environment. This thesis attempted to obtain an indication of reproductive allocation, effort and success for transgenic and nontransgeni...

Gorkhali, Neena Amatya

In salmon farming, the culture of all female fish avoids the problem of precocial males and reduces the costs of production. In an all female monosex population, hormonal (17α-methyltestosterone, MT) masculinization can be used to obtain XX (chromosome) males for breeding purposes. Such treatment has been successful in chinook salmon. As adults, these XX males produced viable sperm and were fully functional. The present investigation compares the juvenile growth and gonadal development of normal...

Pechlaner, Gabriela

Two competing perspectives of society's relationship to nature have risen to prominence, both in environmental social theory, and, in modified form, in current political discourse. Risk society theory proposes that society is shifting from one organized around the distribution of wealth to one organized around the distribution of risk, and that our current industrial society is unsustainable as currently structured. Ecological modernization theory proposes that as environmental issues incre...

Huato Soberanis, Leonardo

This thesis is composed of two separate spatially-explicit state-space dynamic models developed with the general objective of contributing to the understanding of migratory behavior in fish. The first model focuses on the behavior of mature adults during their reproductive migration, while the second focuses on the migratory tactics of fish during their migration cycle. Both models were applied to the marine migration of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from the Fraser River. The first model ...

Watkinson, Stephen

A model of a British Columbia watershed was constructed using the Atnarko River watershed as a case-study. A new routine in the Ecopath with Ecosim suite of software, Ecotrace, was used to track the flow of marine nitrogen, from returning adult salmon, throughout the aquatic, riparian, and forest regions of the watershed. Although there was no local data available regarding the concentration of marine nitrogen in organisms and secondary data had to be used to parameterize the model, results...

Forsyth, Robert Bruce

Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) is an important disease of wild and cultivated salmonid fish in Canada and around the world. It is known to be caused by a slow growing Gram positive bacterium, Renibacterium salmoninarum, which grows as an intracellular pathogen of phagocytic cells. The disease can not currently be prevented and BKD cannot be cured with antibiotic treatment. Stress is a major factor in the susceptibility of fish to BKD and the disease can itself be considered a chronic stress...

Scouras, Jim G., Jackson, J. L., Hennebury, Krista

To mitigate environmental impacts associated with improvements to an electrical facility, B.C. Hydro partnered with the Ministry of Environment Land and Parks (MoELP) and the City of Surrey to restore fish habitat in McLellan Creek. The creek, a tributary of the Nicomekl River, was modified in the 1960's, resulting in removal of upstream access and the deposition of fine silt over much of the remaining habitat. The challenge met by the restoration design was to provide upstream access and qualit...

Morlin, Maria Gabrielle Tamara

Coho salmon (pnayrhynchus kisutch) declines in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia have been attributed to overfishing, marine survival, and habitat loss; however, the relative impact of each is difficult to ascertain. In many cases of commercial fish population declines, factors other than fishing are blamed. In British Columbia considerable funding is allocated to habitat restoration projects; however, if spawners fail to colonize streams, then funding and effort may be wasted. I inve...

La Roche, Gilles.

The role of the thyroid gland in fish is little understood, while it is well known in mammals, birds and amphibians. Thus, in mammals and birds this gland controls the metabolism. In many amphibians the thyroid is responsible for the metamorphosis occurring at the transition from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment. [...]

Tabrizi, Kamran Mazhari

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the technical and economical feasibility of Laminaria saccharina culture near asalmon netpen farm. A computer model was developed to make this assessment. The availability of ammonia nitrogen from the netpens and its diffusion into the kelp were included in the model. Laminaria production is based on nitrogen availability, light and water temperature. Light intensity, including its availability and attenuation, was incorporated into a submodel. This subm...

Sawada, Joel O.

The smolt stage of the life history of Pacific salmon (Onchorhynchus sp.) has received little attention relative to the other life history stages. I examined mortality during the downstream migration of coho salmon (0. kisutch) smolts by trapping and marking smolts high in the watershed and recapturing the fish near the ocean. Four study sites were used, two in the upper watershed and two in the lower watershed. At both distances, lake-type and stream-type habitats were sampled. Factors which w...

Glass, Carolyn

As the field of restoration continues to develop, it is important that initiatives are evaluated for their effectiveness and to explore the motivations and justifications behind the projects‘ designs. Current restoration ecology seeks to orient projects toward the future instead of rooting them in the past. By focusing on ecosystem function rather than specific species composition, the needs of the current ecosystem are better able to be addressed. The dynamic and complex nature of ecosystems me...

Rynning-Tønnesen, Christine, Overaas, Sivert Thorvik

In the last decade the salmon farming industry has expanded rapidly and gone towards consolidation, thus the complexity of planning has increased. Therefore, the need for better planning tools has arisen. In this master thesis a stochastic optimization model for ordering and deployment of smolt and harvesting of salmon is developed based on the work of Hæreid (2011), Langan and Toftøy (2011) and Overaas and Rynning-Tønnesen (2012). The most important improvements in this thesis are more realisti...

Chittenden, Cedar Marget

Climate is emerging as a primary determinant of marine survival and migratory behaviour for Pacific salmon. For example, a regime shift in the mid-1990s was correlated to a major change in the migratory behaviour of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the Strait of Georgia, BC. The details of this new behaviour pattern remain relatively unknown. Furthermore, many coho stocks have been declining during the past three decades. Mitigative strategies –such as hatchery programs— have done little to...

Crossin, Glenn Terrence

Migration timing is a conserved life-history trait. To address the hypothesis that reproductive hormones are principal determinants of migration timing, I physiologically biopsied over 1000 sockeye salmon and monitored their subsequent behaviour with acoustic and radio telemetry as they migrated from the Pacific Ocean toward and into the Fraser River, and then onward to distant spawning areas. Links between physiology, behaviour, and survival were examined. Circulating testosterone was found to...

Dill, Lawrence Michael

An integrated laboratory and field approach was used to study the behaviour and ecology of Pacific salmon (genus Oncorhynchus) alevins in the gravel. The hypothesis tested was that these yolk sac fry move throughout the gravel prior to emergence, that this movement has both lateral and vertical components, and that changes in the physical or biological environment will alter certain parameters of subgravel behaviour. Eyed chum salmon (0. keta) eggs were buried in incubation channels at Robertso...

MacKinnon, Dixon

Chum salmon migrants (Oncorhynchus keta) treated with thyroxine and testosterone show a less intense schooling reaction than the control or thiourea treated fish. Coho salmon fry (O. kisutch) subjected to the same treatments showed that thiourea produced an increase in aggregation while the grouping of fish from the other two treatments was similar to that of the control cohos. It was also found that thyroxine treated and control chums subject to gradients of light intensity move toward ...

Lang, Dirk W.

This thesis examined the influence of fall-spawning coho salmon on the density, growth rate, body condition, and survival to outmigration of juvenile coho salmon rearing in beaver ponds on the Copper River Delta, Alaska. During the fall of 1999 and 2000 fish rearing in ponds that received spawning salmon were compared to ponds that did not receive spawners, and to ponds that were artificially enriched with salmon carcasses and eggs. Juvenile coho salmon responded variably to fall-spawning salmon...

Lobsinger, Charlene

The introduction of non-native species to many parts of the world is increasing and continues to be a major concern amongst scientists. My objective was to examine competition for space and other resources between native and introduced salmonids. Through physiological telemetry and behavioural observation, the movements, energy expenditure, and interactions within and between spawning feral Chinook salmon and released native Atlantic salmon were measured in Bronte Creek, a tributary of Lake Onta...

Rechisky, Erin Leanne

This thesis documents the use a large-scale acoustic telemetry array to track hatchery-reared salmon smolts during their seaward migration, presents estimates of early marine survival, and describes migration behaviour in the ocean of two species of Pacific salmon from the Columbia and Fraser River basins. In the Columbia River basin, it is hypothesized that seaward migrating Snake River spring Chinook salmon suffer from “delayed mortality” due to passage through eight hydropower dams or “diff...

Giannico, Guillermo Roberto

I investigated juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) distribution and habitat utilization in an agricultural/urban watershed, the Salmon River, Langley, B.C. The results of my empirical work confirmed the importance of instream woody debris and undercut banks in coho distribution. I examined experimentally how juvenile coho select among patches that differ in foraging profitability and in cover availability. Ideal free distribution (IFD) models were used as the practical basis for hyp...

Smith, Meaghan K.

During the return journey to their spawning grounds, sockeye salmon are exposed to various pathogens and undergo major endocrine changes. Little is known about how these changes affect their immune system. The immune system of salmon is similar to mammals; myeloid lineage cells provide the first response to infection and B lineage cells protect against specific pathogens. After activation by pathogen, B cells may differentiate into long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) in the anterior kidney, where...

Raven, Peter Andrew

The increased feeding motivation and enhanced growth found in growth hormone (GH) transgenic coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, raises questions regarding the hormonal changes regulating growth and feed intake. These fish exhibit increased circulating GH and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and GH mRNA expression resulting from the GH transgene, but the role of the other hormones in the GH-axis and appetite control are unknown. Transgenic and non-transgenic coho salmon pre-smolts were f...

Wild, Alexander

The effects of temperatures within the optimal range for incubation of salmon, and hyperoxic and hypoxic oxygen tensions, were examined to develop an optimal path of growth during the pre- rearing stage for chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta). During early development, and at constant oxygen tension, an elevated temperature of 55°F (12.8°C) led to accelerated growth and most efficient conversion of yolk compared to 50°F (10°C) or 45°F (7.2°C). With increased age, growth and efficiency were fa...

Giles, Michael Arthur

Studies were conducted to determine the onto genetic changes in the number and relative concentration of the electrophoretically distinguishable hemoglobin polymorphs of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutoh and the influence of certain environmental factors upon the expression of the hemoglobin variants. In addition some of the oxygen equilibrium characteristics of the hemoglobin of freshwater fry and adult coho were investigated using both hemolyzates and whole blood. Throughout the life cycle ...

Urquhart, Nadine Iris

During the sexual maturation of salmon testes, there is a drastic decrease in the RNA content of testis tissue and there are marked changes in the type of proteins synthesized. For these reasons, maturing salmon testes seemed an excellent tissue in which to study developmental changes of tRNA populations. Transfer RNA has been isolated from salmon testes at four distinct stages of sexual maturation. Determination of the amounts of tRNA in testes at these four stages of development has shown that...

Lee, Bradley Trenton

Data were collected from participating grow-out salmon farmers, processors, and the B.C. Salmon Farmers' Association, through interviews, and utilized to define a base farm. A microcomputer based spreadsheet model was constructed to capture the important biological and economic variables. The model details the operating costs and returns of a farm for five years, and assumes operating costs are consistent with the fifth year to provide cash flows for a total of 20 years. The financial analysis...

Ellis, David W.

The principal focus of this comparative-historical study is the fundamental differences in the perspectives of the Indian, commercial, and sportfishing user groups. A second focus is the differences in outlook of the professions involved in the management of the fisheries, and how their management paradigms have developed over time. Evidence is presented on the social history of the fisheries, including their regulatory history and the manager-user relationship. Using the rich material presente...

Kennelly, Anthea Christine

Surveys of the nutritional status of Canadian Native Indians have shown that this is a group at risk nutritionally. One of the reasons suggested for this finding is the changing food patterns which have occurred in this group as acculturation has progressed. Several studies have found that traditional foods are significantly better in specific nutritional aspects than the "westernized" foods which replace them in the diet. The present study was conducted as part of a nutrition program in Bella C...

Wong, Fred Yuen Churk

An overview of stock-recruitment dynamics for major B.C. salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) stocks is presented. Stock-recruitment patterns range from linear relationships to "Ricker" type relationships to no relationship at all. However, stocks for which there are accurate escapement estimates generally show patterns expected from stock-recruitment theory. It is concluded that errors in stock definition, mixed catch allocation, and spawning counts bias optimum escapement estimates downward so that poor...

Gardner, Peter Nigel

The question to which this study is addressed is: can the Eraser River sockeye salmon fishery be managed in such a way as to maximize its present worth? A review of the existing biological and economics literature would suggest that such optimal management is indeed possible. Putting numbers into the theoretical equations and solving for an optimal solution has been based on a three part approach. First, a Ricker form of recruitment function was used to model the basic interseasonal relationshi...

McInerney, John Edward

The preferred salinities of five Pacific salmon species were studied. Each species was shown to undergo a temporal sequence of preference changes. The sequence began with a preference for fresh water then changed in the direction of increasing seawater concentration, the terminal pattern indicating a preference for water of open ocean concentration. This preference sequence was shown to parallel closely the horizontal salinity gradients typical of estuaries through which juvenile salmon pass on ...

Harvey, Harold Henry

Young sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) may occupy the epilimnion, thermocline or hypolimnion during lacustrine residence and may make extensive vertical migrations. Residence and migration over a range of pressure presents fish with certain physiological problems. Sockeye salmon meet these problems by adaptation, compromise and fortuity. Sockeye evidenced a tolerance to pressure in excess of 20 atmospheres, equivalent to a depth of water of 680 feet. Sockeye fry showed no behavioral response ...

Bailey, Basil Edwin

[No abstract available] / Science, Faculty of / Chemistry, Department of / Graduate

Ralston, Harry Keith

This study sees the 1900 strike on the Fraser River as providing the setting in which trade unions began in the fisheries of British Columbia, and analyzes both the strike itself and its background from that point of view. In the two decades to 1890, the Fraser River salmon canning industry grew relatively slowly, limited by the problems of developing techniques for processing, finding labor for packing, and accumulating capital from profits. In the 10 years to 1900, these difficulties had been...

Howard, Gerald Vincent

In 1938 and again in 1939 the International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission conducted experiments at Cultus Lake in order to test a method of calculating sockeye salmon populations by tagging a certain proportion of the run and to determine the accuracy of the calculated populations. In addition, these experiments were designed to test the value of certain standard statistical procedures which are employed in the analysis of the data. All the sockeye entering the lake were counted through a ...

Potter, Gilbert Davis

The testes of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta Walbaum) were examined histologically and chemically to determine the source and nature of the male sex hormone. The histological examination showed that the interstitial tissue of the testis contains cells which are similar to the interstitial cells of Leydig described by other investigators. The extraction method of Gallagher and Koch (1929) was modified by lyophilization of the tissue before treatment with hot acetone. The extracts were assayed b...

Hamilton, Roy Ernest

The statutory background of water use and the conflict with instream uses is reviewed. Habitat criteria for the several phases — migration, spawning, incubation, and rearing — of the fresh water life cycle of salmon are provided. Stream channel morphology and hydraulics are discussed, relative to salmon habitat requirements and the determination of fisheries resource maintenance flows. The relationship Between watershed hydrology and the fresh water life cycle of salmon is described, and techni...

Clark, Daniel

No description available.

Gonzalez-Alanis, Pablo

No description available.

Amcoff, Patric,

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.